The father of music - Bach (Germany)

Music prodigy - Mozart (Germany)

The ancient and modern music saint - Beethoven (Germany)

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The King of Songs - Schubert (Germany)

The God of Music - Handel (Germany)

The King of Conductors - Karajan (Germany) < /p>

The King of Opera - Verdi (Italy)

The King of Music - Scarlatti (Italy)

The King of Violin - Pagani Italy (Italy)

The King of March - Sousa (USA)

The King of Pop Songs - Foster (UK)

Garden Dance Father - Johann Strauss Sr. (Austria)

The King of Waltz - Johann Strauss Jr. (Austria)

The King of Symphony - Haydn ( Austria)

Symphony poet-Berlioz (France)

Impressionist master-Debussy (France)

King of operetta-Austria Finbach (France)

Master of orchestral color - Ravel (France)

Piano poet - Chopin (Poland)

King of piano - Liszt (Hungary)

Master of dance drama-Tchaikovsky (Russia)

1. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)

The Austrian composer Mozart (1756-1791) is a rare genius in the history of music. He was born into a musical family, his father was an experienced violinist. Mozart began learning piano when he was 3 years old. When he was 4 years old, he could memorize ordinary music after just playing it a few times. child prodigy". Although this prematurely mature genius received all kinds of love and admiration from the princes and nobles, he also suffered from the contempt and insult to his personality from the aristocratic society, and suffered repeated physical and mental blows. Later, Mozart finally resigned from his position in the court, got rid of his servile status, and bravely became the first free composer in Austria who was not attached to the nobility. Mozart's works have an elegant, fresh, cheerful and lyrical style, and the melodies are innocent, simple, gentle, sweet and full of youthful vitality. Unfortunately, he only lived to be 36 years old. After his death, he was buried in the monastery's pauper cemetery without even a tombstone. However, he left to the world nearly 50 symphonies, 22 operas, 50 concertos in various forms, as well as many chamber music, solo and choral works, making significant contributions to mankind and setting a foothold in the history of world culture. A permanent monument. In 1986, the American feature film "Beloved of God", which won eight gold Oscars in one fell swoop, was based on Mozart's life.

2. Robert Schumann (1810-1856) was a famous German composer and music critic. He was born in a bookseller's family in Zweikau, Germany, and loved music and literature since childhood. Due to family prejudice, he studied law at university when he was young and could only study music part-time. When he was able to specialize in music after a tortuous struggle, he was eager for success and used mechanical devices to practice piano fingering, which injured his fingers and lost the possibility of becoming a pianist. He then devoted himself to music creation and music criticism. Schumann was emotionally sensitive by nature and had democratic ideas. In 1834, he founded the "New Music Magazine", which played an important role in changing the outdated music atmosphere at that time and promoting the development of romantic art. He cared about and supported unknown musicians, such as Chopin, Berlioz, Liszt, Brahms, Wagner, etc. In 1838, the reactionary authorities in Vienna discovered the "C Major Symphony" in which he introduced Schubert, forcing him to be unable to work. He returned to Leipzig in 1839 and married Clara, a famous pianist at the time, in 1840. He taught at the Leipzig Conservatoire in 1843 and died of mental illness in 1856. Schumann's representative works include: piano music "Butterfly", "Carnival", "Symphonic Etudes", "Fantasia", etc. The music contributed to the development of the Romantic music style. In 1840, he wrote 138 songs, which are known as "Song Literary Collection". He also wrote four symphonies, "Piano Concerto in A Minor", "Manfred Overture", etc.

3. Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) was a famous Austrian composer and one of the tomb-layers of the Vienna Classical School. He was born in poverty and studied music under very difficult conditions since he was a child. Composition was mainly self-taught. As an adult, he served as band leader for a long time. By the early 1990s, he became one of the leading musicians at that time. He went to England twice in 1791 and 1794 and was very popular.

He is mainly engaged in the creation of keynote music. It was he who established the structural form of "string quartet" and classical "symphony", fixed the symphony into four movements, orchestrated it with a complete symphony orchestra, and laid the foundation for modern symphony. laid the foundation for its development. He composed more than one hundred symphonies in his lifetime, among which the more famous symphonies include "Farewell", "Clock", "Hunting", "Surprise", "Army", "London", "Newton", etc. Therefore he is called "the father of symphony". His musical language is simple, concise, approachable, emotionally clear and optimistic. The works do not focus on profound lyricism and dramatic depiction, but mainly take the daily life of ordinary people as their themes, often using "speaking principles" to express the customs of the world. His major works include the string quartet "Skylark" and other seventy-six works, the oratorios "Genesis", "Four Seasons" and some operas and songs. He often used the "principle of theme utilization" in the development of music, which directly inspired Beethoven's "motive development".

4. Paganini, known as the "violin genius", was The violin can be regarded as the most outstanding performer and composer in the history of music.

Born in Italy in 1782, he learned mandolin and violin from his father at an early age, and later studied with violinist Antonio Cervetto, composer Francesco Gnecco and church musicians. He studied with Giaomo Costa and others, and wrote his famous "Twenty-Four Caprices" at the age of 16. In 1799, he began a continuous performance activity.

Some people described his playing skills as elusive and dazzling. He could master any difficult movement and repertoire at his fingertips. His uninhibited and wild performance made the audience go crazy for him. At that time, he It has already caused a sensation throughout Europe.

The violin that accompanied him back then was the "Cannon" made by Guarneri Del Jesus in 1742.

Paganini (1782-1840)

Born in Genoa, Italy in October 1782

In 1787, he began to learn the musical instruments mandolin and violin< /p>

Hold a public concert in 1793

Toured Northern Italy in 1797

Joined the Lu family's court orchestra in 1801

In 1805, he completed the work "24 Caprices"

In 1817, he completed the "Violin Concerto No. 1 in D major"

In 1828, he began touring around the world

6. Chopin

----Polish composer, half French. His father moved to Warsaw from France and taught French to the aristocratic children. Chopin showed musical talent as a child and studied at the newly established Warsaw Conservatoire. While at school, he fell in love with the young singer Konstancia Gratkovska. When he was nineteen years old, he wrote the "Piano Concerto in F minor". It is said that this girl inspired Chopin's creative inspiration. In September 1831, Chopin came to Paris, and the rest of his life was connected with the artistic life of this city. Together. Chopin interacted with many outstanding artists in the salon, such as musicians Liszt and Berlioz, writers Hugo, Balzac, George Sand, Heine, and painter Delacroix. Through Liszt, Chopin got acquainted with Madame Aurore Dudewang, the world-famous novelist George Sand, who "had a pair of melancholy eyes". Chopin's first impression of her was not good, but he was soon conquered by her charm. His musical imagination reached a fever pitch, dominated by a passion such as he had never experienced before. For the next eight years, Chopin spent every summer at George Sand's villa in Nohant. These years were also the most prosperous period for Chopin's creation. But his health gradually deteriorated, and his relationship with George Sand also broke down. His last letters are full of lonely despair. He performed in England in 1848 and died a few months after returning to Paris at the age of thirty-nine. His funeral was performed to Mozart's "Requiem" and his own "Funeral March." He was buried in Lachaise Cemetery, and a friend spread Polish soil on his grave. Chopin was one of the most original artists of the Romantic era, and his style was entirely his own. Never confuse his style with anyone else's. Among the first-class artists, Chopin was the only master who concentrated his creative life on the piano. From the beginning, his imagination was dedicated to the keyboard, and he created a world within this narrow structure. His genius transformed even the limitations of the piano into a source of beauty. The inability to play sustained notes of any length is of course a major limitation of the piano, but Chopin masterfully overcame these limitations. His contribution to the formation of modern piano style is no less than that of any other musician. Chopin used the pedal to continue the chords that were widely spaced in the bass, forming a sound group that lingered with a charming melody. “Every note must sing,” he told his students. In his music, delicate embellishments—tremolos, grace notes, light transitions—magically lengthened those single notes.

All of this is always arranged smoothly, and the music almost seems to play itself - in Chopin, maternal blood is dominant, and he is the first to strongly highlight the Slavic national elements in his music. A great composer, from then on, Slavic national elements were included in the mainstream of European music. In Chopin's war-atmosphere Polonaise, the blood of the Polish nation boils particularly powerfully, and their vigorous, brave and arching melody is like a bent steel bar. The knight-like mazurka sparkles with fiery and brilliant gestures; sweet tenderness and witty coquettishness run through the waltz. In addition to these spiritualized dance music forms, Chopin also wrote fantasies, scherzos, ballades, impromptu, preludes, and sonatas. His expressions of emotion are sometimes as mysterious as the devil, and sometimes as fascinating as the water monster, but they are always warm and kind. Spirituality, which became a universal language through his lyricism, celebrates its greatest triumphs in his brilliant etudes, while his nocturnes are his dreams in solitude, in which he pours out one's most sincere wishes to the still night. eager. Although he appears to be a lucky darling, in fact, like many of his romantic contemporaries, he is also a man who has suffered a lot in life.

7. Beethoven

In April 1787, a young man went to Vienna to meet Mozart, the great musician at the time. This man was unattractive, short and shrewd. He showed off his piano skills in front of Mozart, and even Mozart, who was known as a child prodigy, was amazed. He immediately said to his friends present: "This young man will definitely make waves in the music world." Mozart's prediction came true less than ten years later, and this person was none other than the famous Beethoven. Beethoven was born on December 16, 1770 in Bonn on the Rhine River near Cologne, Germany. His father, John, was mediocre and addicted to alcohol. Beethoven had no happiness in his childhood and was whipped brutally in his childhood. His father wanted his son to become the second child prodigy so that he could enjoy glory and wealth through him, so he forced him to study. The piano, if it fails even slightly, will be severely beaten. It was under such a miserable and painful fate that Beethoven spent his childhood. Beethoven's talent was extraordinary, coupled with the hard training he acquired, his level was getting higher and higher, and even his teacher was incomparable. At the age of twelve, Beethoven was employed as a court piano and organ musician, and also took on the responsibility of supporting the family. Beethoven gradually received more attention in the court, but he had great ambitions and in 1787 he went to Vienna to worship Mozart. Unfortunately, his mother was critically ill in Bonn and died shortly after returning home. This was a huge blow to Beethoven, who stayed in Bonn for another five years. In order to realize his ideal, Beethoven went to Vienna again in 1792. Count Waldstein provided a lot of help this time. In order to repay the favor, Beethoven later wrote Piano Sonata Opus 53 and dedicated it to Waldstein. When he arrived in Vienna, Beethoven studied under Haydn for a year, and then sought advice from famous teachers such as Schenck, Abretzberg and Salieri, especially the latter. He studied for ten years to break free from restraint and pursue freedom. Beethoven held his first concert in Vienna in 1795. At that time, he personally played his own "Piano Concerto No. 2", which impressed the Viennese citizens and made him famous. His "Symphony No. 1" was composed later. In the same year, he published three more piano trios by Beethoven, which established his dual reputation as a performer and a composer. In the next five years, he wrote Piano Sonatas No. 1 to No. 11. and Piano Concertos Nos. 1 to 3. In 1799 Beethoven completed the "Symphony No. 1". With his miraculous imagination, he wrote one after another masterpieces that shocked the music world. These works are filled with the joy and enthusiasm of life, and express unprecedented freedom of artistic conception, breaking through the strict forms that even Mozart was bound to. When things were going smoothly, Beethoven's reputation was at its peak, but an unfortunate fate befell him - he suffered from deafness and could not hear the sound of the giant. This was a cruel blow. In order to fear that others would find out that he was deaf, Beethoven gradually lived in seclusion and lived alone. Becoming more and more withdrawn. At this time, he fell in love with a seventeen-year-old girl, Julietta Gucciadi. The famous Piano Sonata No. 14 "Moonlight" is the work of their love. In 1802, Beethoven moved to the quiet village of Heilikin, an hour's drive from Vienna, to compose music, where he completed Symphony No. 2. However, the deterioration of his ear disease caused him great pain, so he wrote a suicide note in Heiligenstadt, describing his tragic experiences and misfortunes. Later, Beethoven rebuilt his confidence based on Kant's philosophy. "The best way to forget your misfortunes is to work hard." At this time, he returned to Vienna, full of musical ideas, and wrote the thundering "Eroica" Symphony No. 3 in 1803. This piece was originally intended to be dedicated to Napoleon, but when Napoleon was crowned emperor, Beethoven was angry and obliterated Napoleon's name and renamed it the "Eroica Symphony". In the same year, Beethoven wrote the excellent Violin Sonata No. 9 "Kreutzer". In 1804, he completed Piano Sonata No. 21 "Waldstein". The following year, he completed the Piano Sonata No. 23 "Passionate" and the unique opera "Fidelio". In this series of works, he showed his true skills, such as "Waldstein" and "Passion", which mesmerized the world. In 1806, he composed "Piano Concerto No. 4" and "Violin Concerto in D major". In 1808, Beethoven published Symphony No. 5 "Destiny" and Symphony No. 6 "Pastoral" at the same time. In 1809, he completed the Fifth Piano Concerto "Emperor".

These are all immortal masterpieces that hide the volcano of passion. Beethoven's heart contains infinite emotions, which are delicate, extraordinary, harmonious and perfect. Beethoven intentionally put his thoughts into the music. For example, in No. 5 "Destiny", the theme motivation at the beginning is that the god of fate knocks on the door hard. In No. 6 "Pastoral", you can even detect Beethoven's intention to describe nature. In the first movement, he marked it as "refreshing and refreshing". The word "countryside". In 1809, Napoleon captured Vienna, princes and grandsons fled one after another, and Beethoven's economy was in trouble. During the war-torn days, he still stayed in Vienna and worked hard on his compositions. His "Emperor" Concerto was written amidst the rumble of cannons. Since the first performance of "Destiny" and "Pastoral" did not win the favor of the people of Vienna, Beethoven wanted to leave for Germany. However, Duke Rudolf, Prince Robgovitz and Duke Kinski tried their best to persuade him to stay. Leave. Later, Beethoven wrote the "Archduke Piano Trio" dedicated to these benefactors. The sound of music flew into the homes of ordinary people. After the French Revolution, the air in Europe became new, and personal freedom and human rights were established. Beethoven also democratized music, bringing music from the aristocracy to the masses. Beethoven's achievements will last forever. After Napoleon's defeat, Vienna returned to a happy atmosphere. In 1812, Beethoven premiered "Symphony No. 7" and "Symphony No. 8" at the Wounded Soldiers Relief Concert, which was a sensation. He also won the respect of the people of Vienna. Beethoven suffered from the tragic condition of deafness mentally from 1804 to 1814, but during these eleven years, his creations were rich and of unprecedented historical value. He wrote a dazzling treasure among mankind's musical treasures. His "Symphony No. 7" has no title. Wagner considered this piece to be a symbol of dance, especially the passionate final movement. "Symphony No. 8" is the clearest and most refreshing piece among his nine symphonies, viewing life with an optimistic and detached attitude. Beethoven's third life began in 1815. At that time, he was in his prime and had a more thorough understanding of life. The music he wrote after that, except for the famous Symphony No. 9 "Chorus" and "Missa Solemnis", were all piano sonatas and string quartets. This is all an inner and profound spiritual conception. Music saints are not good at human affairs. Due to the death of his younger brother Karl in 1814, Beethoven took on the responsibility of caring for and raising his nephew. But the adoption process and the problems his nephew brought him afterwards made him suffer a lot. In short, he could not transfer his love to his nephew. Beethoven completely collapsed on how to deal with people. Beethoven became more depressed, his health became more serious, and his finances were very tight. At that time, he was working hard to compose two major works - "Missa Solemnis" and "Ninth Symphony". In particular, the prelude was intended to be played at the enthronement ceremony of Rudolf's appointment as archbishop. Because of the great responsibility, it took him about five years to complete it in 1823. The premiere of his "Symphony No. 9" on May 7 of the following year pushed his reputation to a new peak. The "Ode to Joy" chorus of "Symphony No. 9" is taken from Schiller's poem "Ode to Joy". He had this idea in his early years, and it took him thirty-two years to finally realize his wish. The success of "Symphony No. 9" brought him the greatest honor and joy in his life. During the preview of "Symphony No. 9", Beethoven conducted it himself, but due to his deafness, he was unable to perform and the order was chaotic. Therefore, Umlauf conducted the official performance. Beethoven was still on the stage with his back to the audience giving instructions. When the whole piece was played, the audience was deeply moved, cheering loudly and applauding like thunder, but Beethoven was unaware of it. It was only after the performer reminded him that he saw the touching scene and responded with tears. This was Beethoven's last public appearance. He unknowingly suffered from liver disease and spent the days as his condition became increasingly serious. His soul, which was about to leave the world, became peaceful instead. At this time, Beethoven seemed to be in the thin, pure sky, looking down at the world he was about to leave behind. Wrote five final string quartets. These chamber music are his last works and Beethoven's legacy to the world. It proved to all generations that the spirit can overcome pain and even death. The last spring thunder sounded. Beethoven's remaining life was not long. In 1826 alone, he underwent four operations, but his condition did not improve. On the afternoon of March 26, 1827, there was a sudden heavy snowstorm in Vienna, accompanied by deafening spring thunder. At this time, Beethoven clenched his right fist and breathed his last breath. According to ancient records, Beethoven's funeral was held on March 29. More than 20,000 Viennese citizens attended and escorted to the Jasser Church where the memorial mass was held...

8. Schubert

----Austrian composer, born on January 31, 1797 in a middle-class citizen family in the suburbs of Vienna. In his childhood, he learned to play the organ, piano and violin from his family's musical life, and mastered basic composition methods and choral art. From the age of eleven, he attended a free seminary. Studying in school. At school, he participated in the student band and sometimes served as a conductor, and became familiar with many works of Vienna classical music composers. At the same time, he began intense creative activities at the age of thirteen. In 1813, after leaving the seminary at the age of sixteen, Schubert worked as an assistant teacher in his father's school. Although he was busy teaching at this time, he still created many vibrant works. In 1818, Schubert resolutely resigned from his teaching position and devoted himself to music creation. Without a fixed income, he was destitute and died young at the age of thirty-one and ten.

According to his last wish, people buried him next to the tomb of Beethoven, whom he admired. Schubert lived during the transition period between classicism and romanticism. His symphonic style inherited the tradition of classicism, but his art songs and piano works were completely romantic. His wonderful lyricism led Liszt to call him "the most poetic musician of all time." Schubert infused traditional chamber music with his own spiritual character. His chamber works bear the true stamp of Schubert, and they are among the last works of Viennese Classicism - and in the "Impromptu" and "Musical Moments" Schubert made the piano sing New lyrical style. Their whimsy, spontaneity and unexpected charm became elements of Romanticism. Schubert is best known for his more than six hundred songs. These songs are born directly from the inner emotions of poetry, and no one can surpass his overflowing talent and fresh emotion. The piano accompaniment also produces special effects: a bar or two depicts a babbling brook, a street performer's shabby hurdy-gurdy, or a skylark "at the gates of heaven." Speaking of Schubert's songs, you can quote Schumann's comment on the "Symphony in C Major": "This kind of music leads us into a situation that makes us forget what we had before"

----Bach (1685-1750) was one of Germany's greatest classical composers and an organist. He was born in a musical family in Eisenach. Since the age of eight, he has served as music director and organist in many churches and palaces, but he was only famous as an organist during his lifetime. He believed deeply in religion and regarded Lutheran Protestant hymns and church instruments as the core of his creative materials and sound concepts. However, he was deeply influenced by the bourgeois Enlightenment thoughts, which made his religious works an obvious breakthrough. The norms of church music are rich in secular emotions and bold in innovative spirit. His creations are mainly based on polyphonic techniques, with rigorous conception, inner emotions, and rich in philosophy and logic. His main works include: more than 200 religious and secular "cantatas", several religious "Passion", "Mass", etc. Among them, the representative works are the large-scale vocal suite "Matthew Passion", "Johann Passion", "Mass in B Minor", "Reformation Cantata", "Peasant Cantata", "Coffee Cantata"; instrumental works "Brandenburg Concertos" six, "Twelve "Well-Tempered Piano Collection" two episodes, "Toccata and Fugue in D minor", "Italian Concerto", "The Art of Fugue" episode, "Musical Dedication" episode, "Unaccompanied Violin Suites and Sonatas" Six poems and so on. However, due to various social reasons at the time, Bach's creative talent did not receive the respect it deserved. It was not until the mid-19th century that his works were published and performed in large numbers after being strongly recommended by Mendelssohn and others. Bach's works had a profound influence on modern Western music, so he is known as the "Father of Music" and "The Unsurpassed Master" in Western Europe.

10. Liszt

----Frenz Liszt (1811-1886) was a talented Hungarian composer, pianist, conductor and music activist. He was born in Reding, Hungary, and started learning piano at the age of six. He was a disciple of Salieri, Czerny, Reha and Baer. When he was sixteen, he settled in Paris. Influenced by the ideas of romantic writers and artists such as Hugo, Lamartine, and Chateaubriand, he yearned for bourgeois revolution. In music, he advocated title music, pioneered the symphonic poetry genre, and wrote thirteen symphonic poems such as "Tasso", "Prelude", and "Hungary". Liszt was also influenced by Paganini and composed nineteen "Hungarian Rhapsody" and ten piano etudes. He established new romantic principles that were opposed to academic ethos and citizen habits, and supported the creations of composers such as Albéniz, Smetana, Berlioz, and Wagner. It is said that after hearing his performance, Beethoven admired his genius very much and once went on stage to hug and kiss Liszt. This became a good story about Liszt's musical growth. From 1848 he lived in Vima and returned to Hungary regularly. He founded the Budapest State Conservatory and served as its director. The progressive democratic tendency of Liszt's creative activities is largely related to the Hungarian national liberation movement - the piano piece "Hungarian Rhapsody" is inseparable from Liszt's name, just like the waltz and the The names of Strauss, symphonies and Beethoven are inseparable. Its piano music has been included in the world's treasure trove of classical piano music - the nineteen piano pieces "Hungarian Rhapsody" composed by Liszt, which occupies a particularly important position among his piano works. These works not only give full play to the musical expression of the piano, but also set an outstanding musical example for the creation of the music genre of rhapsody. These works are all artistically processed and developed based on the folk songs and folk dances of Hungary and the Hungarian Gypsies, so they all have a distinct national flavor. These pieces of music have refined structures and rich and active musical ideas. Their musical language and musical expression methods are closely related to Hungarian country dance music and urban rap music. Although the form of the music changes from time to time, the music image is always clear and simple, reflecting the natural beauty and art. The perfect unity of beauty.

11 Bizet

----Bizet (1838-1875) French composer.

He was born in Paris and began to learn piano from his mother at the age of four. He entered the Paris Conservatory of Music at the age of nine. In 1857, at the age of 19, Bizet graduated from the Paris Conservatoire as a pianist and composer and received a Rome fund to further his studies in Italy. Three years. In 1863, Bizet wrote his first opera "The Pearl Diggers". From then on, he mainly engaged in opera writing, and his works include "Carmen Overture", "Las d'Ale", etc. In his works, realism has been deepened, and ordinary people at the bottom of society have become the protagonists of his works. In his music, he blended distinctive national colors, expressive symphonic development of life conflicts, and French comic opera traditional expression techniques, creating the highest achievement of French opera in the nineteenth century - opera. "Carmen" is based on Mérimée's novel of the same name. The story takes place around 1800. Don José, a junior military officer who was born in a peasant family, fell in love and became a smuggler under the temptation of Carmen, a gypsy tobacco worker. After some time, Carmen became indifferent to Don José, and she fell in love with the bullfighter Escamillo José. Her jealousy troubled Carmen. She was offended by his interference with her love freedom and broke off from him. Later, during a crowd cheering Escamillo's victory in a bullfight, José assassinates Carmen. The play portrays Carmen's passionate, lively and freedom-loving character. The music mostly uses dance songs and stanza songs, with a strong dramatic and Spanish style. The opera "Carmen" is the pinnacle of creative art and one of the most frequently performed plays in the world.

12 Brahms

----Johannes Brahms (1833-1897) the most outstanding classical music school in Germany in the second half of the 19th century The last composer. Brahms was born in Hamburg on May 7, 1833, in a family of professional musicians. He lived a very poor childhood. At the age of thirteen, he played accompaniment for dance parties in hotels and helped his father perform in the theater. At the same time, in order to get more remuneration, he also wrote many salon music works, including a variety of dance music, marches and orchestral music arrangements. He studied piano under Gosser and Maxon, and had many contacts throughout his life, especially the appreciation and support of the Schumanns and Jo Achim. He is a composer who values ??both creation and performance. But he did not enter a music school. He relied on his own diligence, his outstanding talents and his awareness of the importance and necessity of the career to which he was dedicated. His mature body of work demonstrates his mastery of the highest levels of artistic skill and talent. His works combine classical techniques with romantic spirit and rarely use titles. The symphony works imitate Beethoven's grand momentum, meticulous brushwork, changeable moods, and sometimes pastoral atmosphere, but still have their own characteristics. He attaches great importance to Austrian folk songs and has composed more than 90 arrangements. He composed a wide variety of ensembles, which enhanced the status of chamber music. In addition, he also composed more than 200 songs, four symphonies, a number of piano pieces, theme variations, and concertos, among which "Violin Concerto in D Major" and "Double Concerto for Violin and Cello in A Minor" are the most famous. In the 1960s, he settled in Vienna, making the music center of Europe his second home. He died in Vienna on April 3, 1897. The grand conception and scale of Brahms's symphonies are closely related to his ancestors: the drama of his music can be said to come from Beethoven, His interest in folk songs, dance music and other genres obviously followed Schubert's example, and his personal passionate narrative tone brought him closer to Schumann. He inherited the tradition of Beethoven's symphony, absorbed the spirit of profound humanitarianism and fervent patriotism, and focused on expressing the spiritual outlook and struggling life of the times. His works have become outstanding examples of Western European symphony music after Beethoven--If Compared with Austrian symphony composer Bruckner, Bruckner's nine symphonies seem to be derived from a unified structure, while Brahms's four symphonies each have their own different ideological content and each form a unique structure. A unique musical drama: "The First Symphony" is as grand as an epic, and you can see the strong influence of Beethoven's "from darkness to light" concept; the "Second Symphony" is a folk dance lyric; The Third Symphony is a tragic ode, but its dramatic finale is fascinating; while the dramatic development of the Fourth Symphony almost reaches the realm of classical tragedy. In terms of his historical achievements, in the history of German music, people often compare Brahms with Bach and Beethoven, and compare them to the three main pillars, namely, based on Bach, Beethoven and Beethoven. The first letters of Brahms' names are collectively referred to as "Three Bs".

13. Mendelssohn

----Jacob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdi (1809-1847) famous German composer. He was born on February 3, 1809 in Hamburg to a wealthy and well-educated family. His grandfather was a famous Jewish philosopher, his father was a banker, and his mother was famous for her extensive cultural literacy and musical talent at the time. Mendelssohn lived in Berlin during his childhood. He studied piano and music theory since he was a child. He played the piano in concerts as a pianist at the age of nine. At the age of eleven, he began to try to compose various types of musical works.

Because he lived in a literate family, he often came into contact with outstanding representatives of the cultural and intellectual circles such as Heine, Hegel, Svend, Weber, Moscheles and others at family Sunday gatherings. In such an environment, Under the influence and education, his spirit and creativity matured very quickly. He was only seventeen years old when he wrote the famous "Prelude to a Midsummer Night's Dream". In his youth, he devoted himself to enriching his knowledge in many aspects, and finally became the most cultured artist in the contemporary era.

In 1835 he settled in Leipzig