Original text and appreciation of "Poems, Songs, Fus and Prose: Buddha's Shadow and Inscriptions"
Xie Lingyun
My husband is a kind man who promotes things and accepts them because of his feelings. Fate has different origins and threads. It is difficult to detect physically but easy to measure theoretically. Therefore, it has been recorded in scriptures and biographies and has written notes and theories. Although the boat is gone, the image and Dharma are still there. Feeling the luck of the Qinfeng, the sun and the moon are deepening. The Taoist Master Faxian came to Zixihuan, and he said that the Buddha's shadow was quite magical. It was embedded in the secluded rock wall. If it existed, it had a dignified appearance and good appearance. It was unknown how long it would last, but it was always pure and natural. Master Lushan was delighted when he heard this. So Suixi built a secluded room, Kaokongyan, with a steep mountain in the north and Huajian in the south. He imitated the relics and entrusted them with Qingcai. Not only does the image have a strong image, but it also conveys the heart. Dao Bingdao people proclaimed their intentions from afar and ordered me to make inscriptions to supplement the publication. At the beginning of the stone inscription, Shi Yougong was not as great as the Taoist sect. If compared to this, how could it be stated by simple thinking and skin science. After thanking you for everything, you will always be attached to me. I will always run out of bad things. My heart is full of promises. I will never write down the secrets of Huiyou. The concubine has a sincere heart and is deeply aware of all things. The flying owl has the period of revolution, and it explains the path of self-extrication. It should be found in the pure land and the beauty of the Taoist temple. The Holy Spirit will not deceive me, and the consequences will be repaid. The writing is full of emotion and emotion.
Due to contamination, all living beings are entangled in the six interests, the seven consciousnesses are used repeatedly, and the nine residences are moved repeatedly;
It is dramatic that the five Yins and the four conditions are exhausted. If you turn the wheel all over, the root of bitterness will come to you;
If you have not stopped turning, the wheel will turn on you. The clouds on the four edges are thin, and the five yin fires arise.
The perfect enlightenment is the ultimate truth. Movement does not disturb silence, and movement does not stop.
Xiaoer has a long dream, and Zhener has a deep wave. With my divine power, I can make you wise.
If I have no self, I will truly uphold its meaning; if you have no self, you will get rid of the falsehood.
Pseudo has its own path, and its meaning has many meanings. Because the sound becomes rhyme, the color becomes beautiful.
It is easy to see the shadow, but it is difficult to find the repercussions. In addition to the shape and sound, there is more to see.
Look at the distant appearance and see the warm scenery nearby. It's a bandit's quality, it's empty, it's unpredictable.
Relying on the rock and the forest, next to the pond and mirroring the well. Use the air to spread the green, and the laser beams.
The gold is so dark in the desert, and the white hair is so warm. The sun and the moon live among the people, Hu Ningsi is generous.
I was once a monk who wanted to be a monk. Inheriting the legacy of the wind, it is broad and general.
The traces of respecting the pictures are sparse and chiselled, steep peaks are carved, walking steps are carried around, and graceful houses are built.
The shock waves reflect the waves and bring the moon into the window; the clouds blow over the mountains and the wind blows through the pines.
The terrain is beautiful and the images are crisp. The colors are light and floating, and the crowd's eyes are sinking.
If it disappears, if it disappears, it is imitating and learning. Because of its cleansing essence, it can inspire people alone.
Sincerity spreads to the clouds, and benefits also continue. Sigh, you have a good idea, be careful and alert.
The push of the weak, the battle of explanation, the reverse road, now see, enlightenment and confrontation.
The style is strong and the heart is strong, but time passes by. Dare to inscribe Lingyu and warn Zhenxi.
This inscription was written by Xie Lingyun in the winter of the ninth or tenth year of Yixi in Jin Dynasty (413), at the invitation of Huiyuan, the Buddhist leader of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
In May of the eighth year of Yixi, Huiyuan set up a platform to paint Buddha statues in Mount Lu, and in September of the ninth year, he carved an inscription on a stone. Huiyuan wrote the "Inscription of the Shadows of Ten Thousand Buddhas" to describe the incident. At the same time, he sent his disciple Daobing I went to Jiankang (today's Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province) to ask Xie Lingyun to write an inscription for him. Thank you for coming to the city upon invitation.
This inscription was written in parallel prose, which was highly respected at the time. Judging from the structure of the text, this inscription can be divided into two parts. "It's a waste of quality, it's unpredictable." It can be said to be a watershed. The former praises the immensity and mystery of Buddhism; the latter praises the tranquility and tranquility of the environment where the Buddha statue is located.
The inscription uses contrast and foil to promote Buddhism at the beginning. The "turbidity" of the world is used to set off the "purity" of the Buddha. The difficulties in the human world are used to highlight the righteousness of the Buddha. Why is there "bitter roots" in the human world? It is precisely because of the "turbidity" of the world that "all living things are contaminated". It is also due to the "causes and contamination" among each other that the "six interests are entangled" and "nine interests" are derived. "Repeatly moving residence" has caused the chaos of the five world affairs, causing the causes and conditions to wait for endless connections, the objects, and the increased connections to become tired. How can it not be "rooted in bitterness" when it goes like this over and over again! But life is not always trapped in a dead place. Although the disaster has not yet occurred, the "four conditions" are weak, and the "five yins" are in full swing, I have achieved "perfect enlightenment", and it is "the most reasonable thing". Evil can make a person chaste and strong, and sink and destroy evil. If one can achieve wisdom in life, who can succeed in this kind of wish? "With my God," only the Dharma can play its role. It can make people reach the state of mind of "I have no self"; it can make people get rid of falsehoods and reveal the true meaning; it can make people's eyes, ears and eyes look brand new. What a wonderful effect! Why does Xie Lingyun praise Buddhism so much? And what is the purpose of using the form of foil to add this manifestation? It turns out that Xie Lingyun has a theory. He advocates "sudden enlightenment of principles" and believes: "Those who are enlightened can achieve liberation without leaving this life. "That is to say, it is about suddenly getting rid of delusions and awakening to the truth. If you want to be free from the roots of suffering in life, you can only awaken to the truth by immediately taking refuge in Buddhism. It is precisely because of this idea that based on this idea, Xie Lingyun writes between the lines of the poem about Buddhism. It reveals the infinite yearning for the Buddhist realm.
How can people obtain such magical powers? Rationally speaking, they must believe in Buddhism; emotionally speaking, they must respect the environment where the Buddha statues are placed. Goodness or badness is also a measure of people's piety towards it.
Of course, Buddhist disciples also deeply understand its truth. If not, why would Huiyuan erect the Buddha statue in the picturesque Lushan Mountain?
The Lushan Mountain described by Xie Lingyun is another kind of emotion. He did not write about the waterfalls and rapids in Mount Lu, nor the strange peaks and rocks in Mount Lu. Instead, he sketched out the magical beauty of elegance and tranquility. "Leaning on the rock and glowing forest, next to the Tan Jianjing." It makes people stop and "take advantage of the air to spread the green, and the laser shines brightly." Fascinating. The sun is shining brightly, the moonlight is bright, and there are harmonious beautiful scenes here. Who can not be amazed by this! In this beautiful scenery, "high peaks are cut out, and railings are flowed around", and "slim houses" are built, which look like erected platforms. "The shock waves reflect the waves, bringing the moon into the window; the clouds blow over the mountains, and the wind blows through the pines." If the Buddha has a spirit, it can be said to be a pleasant place to be here. The beauty of the terrain and the sincerity of the Buddha statues form a harmonious, solemn, noble and solemn landscape. When people are here, they have a feeling of "like death, like nothingness", "like being independent from the world, emerging into immortality" (Su Shi's "Ode to the Former Red Cliff"). Xie Lingyun seemed to have touched people's feelings, so he comforted him by saying: "If you have a good attitude, be careful not to be wary." He is eager to "turn the road and see it now, and he will be enlightened." Don't miss the good times.
Xie Lingyun is a great master of the Chinese landscape poetry school, and he is very accomplished in landscape poetry. Although some places in this inscription seem to be objective descriptions, they are actually embodying emotions in the scenery. "Borrow the air to spread the green, and use the laser to send out the evil." Can you just feel the scenery? Here, at this time, don't you feel that the "Chuancui" and "Faji" here have the feeling of Buddha's light? "The shock waves reflect the waves and bring the moon into the window; the clouds are blowing "Mountains, the wind blows through the pines" do you only think it is a natural and objective record? Do you think it is due to the establishment of the Buddha statue? It is the author's embedding of emotion in the scenery that makes the scenery more beautiful and moving.
Why did Xie Lingyun praise Buddhism so much? This is inseparable from the social background at that time. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Buddhism was popular among the princes and nobles. Down to the common people in the city, all believe in Buddhism as an elegant and fashionable thing. As a romantic and suave Xie Lingyun, how can he fall behind? But his belief in Lingyun must not be regarded as just following the trend and following fashion. The reason why he did this was related to his experience and his ideological situation at that time. Xie Lingyun came from a famous family and inherited the title of Duke Kang Le, but he had no real power and was a high-ranking official. However, he thought he was full of talents. Although he was highly praised by the society, he was never taken seriously by the court, so he developed a rebellious mentality. He is also a person who is proud of his talent and prides himself on being noble. When the objective and subjective cannot be unified, he escapes from reality and devotes himself to the Buddha to liberate himself, which is the "sudden enlightenment" he advocates. This is also the reason why he, as a nobleman, condescended to write this inscription in response to the monk's appointment.
This inscription has its own unique features in structure. Generally speaking, when authors deal with scenes and emotions, they usually describe the scene first and then express their emotions. This makes it easier to express emotions, just like what people say about "expressing emotions when seeing scenes" and "expressing emotions when borrowing scenes". However, Ling Yun went against the tradition, expressing emotions first and then describing scenes. No one would dare to do this without strong foundation. At the beginning, he strongly praised Buddhism. At first glance, it seemed that it had little to do with the establishment of the image, and it seemed to be "off-topic." However, in addition to praising, he also guided people to believe in Buddhism, so he wrote: "Look at the shadow to understand the changes, and look for the impact." Criticism, beyond the sound and form, there is something to behold. Look at the distant appearance and see the warm scenery nearby." Do you want to believe in Buddha and worship Buddha? It is right in front of you. The introduction of the Buddha statue is so natural. This way of writing from the macro to the micro, from the far to the near, and to explain the profound things in a simple way is truly ingenious. The following description uses a profile technique to describe the environment where the Buddha statue is located. The tranquility of the environment reflects the nobility and profundity of Buddhism. It leaves a space for readers to wonder about what the Buddha statue looks like. This is like the blank space in art and the pause in music, achieving the effect that silence is better than sound at this time.
This inscription is in the form of parallel script. Parallel prose originated from the Han and Wei dynasties and was developed in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. At the same time, this period was also the heyday of parallel prose. It replaced prose in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties and became the orthodox form of articles. This style of writing has its shortcomings. It is rigid in form and uses intertextual sentence patterns. Often several sentences only express one meaning. But it also has its advantages. It pays attention to antithesis and rhythm. For example, in the article, "The rhyme is formed by the sound, which means the color is beautiful. It is easy to look at the shadow, and it is difficult to find the echo." Not only is the antithesis work stable, but it is also catchy to read, with cadence and rhythm, giving There is a kind of phonological beauty in people. As an inscription, it is to be passed down to future generations, so it is in a form that is easy to remember.