Geographical location of Sichuan Conservatory of Music
City introduction: Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province, is located in the center of Sichuan Province, in the hinterland of the Western Sichuan Plain, bounded by the Longquan Mountains to the east, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the south, and Qionglai Mountain to the west. Bordering the Qinling Mountains to the north, it has a total area of ??12,600 square kilometers and a population of more than 11 million. It is the largest modern city in southwest my country.
Chengdu is the largest land and air transportation hub in southwest China, with transportation extending in all directions and extremely convenient. The Chengdu-Chongqing, Baocheng, Chengkun-Kunming, and Chengda railway lines starting from Chengdu Railway Station lead to Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Henan, Hubei and other provinces and cities respectively; Sichuan-Tibet, Sichuan-Yunnan, Sichuan-Tibet, and Sichuan-Tibet Shaanxi, Sichuan-Qingdao, Chengdu-Chongqing and other trunk highways lead to the southwest and northwest provinces; the province's highways are well developed, and there are many trunk lines or expressways leading to major cities in the province and connecting township roads, forming dense traffic on the Chengdu Plain net. Chengdu is also the largest airport in southwest China. Shuangliu International Airport is one of the largest airports in the country. It has more than 160 international and domestic routes and flies to more than 60 large and medium-sized cities at home and abroad. Its tourist throughput ranks fourth in the country.
Historical evolution: Chengdu is the earliest developed area in southwest my country and is one of the 24 historical and cultural cities in the country. Counting from the time of exact records. Chengdu has a history of more than 2,300 years.
As early as the fourth century BC, the enlightened dynasty of the Shu Kingdom moved the capital of Shu to Chengdu. Following the King of Zhou's move to Qi, "a city was established in one year and Chengdu was established in two years." Hence the name Chengdu, which has been used to this day.
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Chengdu was economically and culturally developed. In 316 BC, the Qin State annexed Bashu. In 311 BC, the Qin people built the city wall according to the Xianyang construction system. In 106 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established 13 prefectures of Assassination and History Departments across the country. Sichuan established the Yizhou Assassination and History Department in Chengdu, which was in charge of the four tribes of Ba, Shu, Guanghan and Qianwei. At the end of the Qin Dynasty and the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Chengdu replaced the Central Plains and was called "Tianfu". At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Gongsun Shu proclaimed himself emperor and designated Chengdu as "Chengjia". At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Yan became the "Yizhou Shepherd" and moved his administration to Chengdu, using Chengdu as the administrative seat of the state, county and county. During the Western Han Dynasty, the brocade industry in Chengdu was very developed, and there were "Jin Officials", so it was called "Jin Guan City" or "Jincheng"; other handicrafts such as silk, weaving, boiling salt, iron smelting, weapons, gold Silverware, lacquerware and other handicraft industries are also very developed. Business in Chengdu was developed during the Qin and Han Dynasties. Chengdu had become a national metropolis during the Qin Dynasty. During the Western Han Dynasty, Chengdu's population reached 76,000 households and nearly 400,000 people, making it one of the six largest cities in the country (Chang'an, Luoyang, Handan, Lintao, Wan, and Chengdu). , "Shaocheng" is the most commercially developed urban area in Chengdu, where goods are piled up like mountains and there are many shops and stalls. In addition, the literature and art in Chengdu during the Han Dynasty also reached a very high level. Sima Xiangru, Yang Xiong and Wang Bao were the most famous scholars in the country at that time. The Han Dynasty portrait bricks and portrait stones unearthed in Chengdu have exquisite paintings and extensive content.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Chengdu had a developed economy, a prosperous culture, and the prevalence of Buddhism. Chengdu has become the third among the four famous cities in the country (Chang'an, Yangzhou, Chengdu, and Dunhuang). Agriculture, silk industry, handicraft industry, and commerce are developed. Papermaking and printing are developing rapidly. Its economic status is the so-called "Yangzhou Yiyi" (Yangzhou). First, Chengdu second). "Shu embroidery" is one of the three famous embroideries in the country, and "Shu brocade" is regarded as a tribute treasure, with the output ranking first in the country. Chengdu is one of the birthplaces of Chinese engraving printing. In the late Tang Dynasty, most printed matter came from Chengdu. In addition to the nationally important vegetable markets and silkworm markets, Chengdu also has "grass markets", which are township markets distributed in neighboring areas. There were many writers in Chengdu during the Tang Dynasty. The great poets Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Bo, Lu Zhaolin, Gao Shi, Cen Shen, Xue Tao, Li Shangyin, Yong Tao, Kang Shu and others stayed in Chengdu for a short period of time. During the Tang Dynasty, Chengdu developed tourist resorts such as Kaimo River Pond and Baihua Pond. During the Zhenguan Period, Jianyuan Temple was built in the north of the city. During the Dazhong Period of the Tang Dynasty, it was renamed Zhaojue Temple and was known as "the No. 1 Jungle in Western Sichuan".
During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Chengdu prospered and its economy and culture became more developed. The silk industry expanded in scale and varieties. The Shu brocade patterns developed from more than 10 in the Tang Dynasty to more than 40 in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. New patterns such as Pegasus, Flying Fish, Peacock, and Ruyi Peony can be woven. Silk products are handed over to Chengdu every year , accounting for more than 70% of the total submitted across the country. Chengdu has a very high level of papermaking. The Tang court once stipulated that books in the National Library must be copied on hemp paper made in Chengdu. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were special silkworm markets, medicine markets, flower markets and lantern festivals in the east, west, south and north of Chengdu. Due to the development of commerce, the world's earliest banknote "Jiaozi" appeared in Chengdu. During the reign of Emperor Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty, a government-run Jiaozi business was set up in Yizhou (i.e. Chengdu), and the government publicly printed and issued "Jiaozi".
After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Chengdu became the political, economic, military and cultural center of Sichuan and even the entire southwest region. In the Ming Dynasty, the Chief Envoy Department was established in Sichuan and located in Chengdu. In 1654 AD, Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty changed the name of Sichuan Chief Envoy to Sichuan Province, and the name of Sichuan Province officially appeared in history. In 1914, after the Revolution of 1911, the Beijing government issued a decree to abolish the Chengdu Prefecture and renamed it Xichuan Road, covering 31 counties including Chengdu and Huayang. In 1921, Chengdu and Huayang counties were merged into a city, and a municipal preparatory office was established with the following offices It has six departments: General Office, Documentation, Legal Affairs, Accounting, Investigation, and General Affairs. In 1922, the Municipal Preparatory Office was renamed the Municipal Office. In 1928, the Municipal Office was established as the municipal government, and the National Government established Chengdu as a provincial municipality and the capital of Sichuan Province. On December 27, 1949, Chengdu was liberated and became the seat of the Western Sichuan Administration.
In 1952, the administrative office was abolished and the organizational structure of Sichuan Province was restored. Chengdu has always been the capital of Sichuan Province. In February 1989, with the approval of the State Council, Chengdu's economic and social development plan was listed separately in the national plan, and it enjoyed provincial-level economic management authority, becoming one of the 14 cities in the country with separate plans.
Economic development and consumption: The GDP in 2002 was 166.32 billion yuan, an increase of 13.1% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 14.02 billion yuan, an increase of 5.2%; the added value of the secondary industry was 75.81 billion yuan, an increase of 14.6%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 76.49 billion yuan, an increase of 13.0%. The per capita GDP is 16,239 yuan. The fixed asset investment of the whole society was 70.22 billion yuan, an increase of 20.6% over the previous year. Full-scale fiscal revenue was 18.181 billion yuan, an increase of 22.7%; local fiscal revenue was 8.902 billion yuan, an increase of 28.5%; fiscal expenditure was 12.968 billion yuan, an increase of 22.73%; the deposit balance of all financial institutions was 263.56 billion yuan, an increase of 16.8%; various The loan balance was 218.18 billion yuan, an increase of 23.8%. The annual retail sales of consumer goods reached 70.95 billion yuan, an increase of 13.1% over the previous year. The overall level of market prices dropped slightly, and the overall level of consumer prices fell by 1.3% throughout the year.
In 2002, the per capita disposable income of city residents was 8,231.86 yuan (according to the new caliber), an increase of 10.4% over the same caliber of the previous year; the per capita consumption expenditure was 6,847.17 yuan, an increase of 3.6% over the previous year.
Cultural activities (education): Education has developed steadily. At the end of the year, the city had 66 general colleges and universities, with 306,000 students enrolled, an increase of 26.5%; 80 adult colleges and universities, with 256,000 students, an increase of 21.5%; the decline in vocational education has been reversed. There is an upward trend. Municipal secondary vocational schools have exceeded the enrollment plan, and the total enrollment has increased by 40% compared with 2001. Higher education, vocational education, and adult education have coordinated development; there are 2,671 primary and secondary schools (including vocational high schools), with 135.2 students enrolled. million, the enrollment rate of school-age children is 99.96%, and the enrollment rate of primary school graduates (including students from other places) is 101.8%. In 2002, the enrollment rate of junior high school graduates in the city to first-level high schools was 78%; there are 1,694 kindergartens, and there are 1,694 kindergartens. 251,000 people. Health services continue to develop. By the end of the year, the city had 8,176 health institutions, including 666 hospitals and health centers; 42,000 hospital beds, including 39,000 hospitals and health centers; and 61,000 health technicians, including 25,000 practicing (assistant) physicians. ; The total number of diagnoses and treatments throughout the year was 40.23 million. There were 35 rural health construction projects throughout the year, with a total investment of 47.03 million yuan, and the rural medical network coverage rate was 78.0%. Medical and health conditions continue to improve, and the regional health plan has been approved by the provincial government and has been gradually implemented.
Sichuan folk art is developed based on Sichuan folk rap art. It has various performance forms and a strong local flavor. It is loved by people because of its unselected venues and simple props. When the famous musician He Luting participated in the first "Rongcheng Autumn" concert in 1981, he watched Sichuan folk art performances and spoke highly of it, believing it to be a valuable resource for "folk music and art". Chengdu now has professional groups such as provincial and municipal folk art troupes and county and district folk art troupes, which often perform in rural areas, factories, and urban tea gardens. The Chengdu Folk Art Troupe is located in Chunxi Road, a bustling street in Shizhong District, and has a newly built rehearsal venue. It can accommodate more than 300 spectators, and domestic and foreign artists and professional researchers come to interview and observe from time to time. According to the various folk art forms with local characteristics of Sichuan that have been discovered so far, there are more than a dozen kinds, which are dazzling and beautiful.
Climate: Chengdu has an average altitude of 500 meters and has typical basin climate characteristics. Under the influence of the subtropical monsoon climate, it has early spring, hot summer, cool autumn, and warm winter. The annual average temperature is 16°C and the annual rainfall is about 1,000 mm. Chengdu's climate has two distinctive characteristics: first, it is foggy and the sunshine hours are short; second, the air is humid. Therefore, although the temperature is not high in summer, it seems sultry; in winter, although the average temperature is above 5°C, there are many cloudy days and the air is damp, making it very cold. The rain in Chengdu is concentrated in July and August. Winter and spring are dry and rainless, with very little ice and snow. March to June and September to November are the best seasons to travel to Chengdu every year.