Musical beauty: mainly refers to the harmony of syllables and rhymes, and pursues the rhythm of poetry;
The beauty of painting: mainly refers to gorgeous rhetoric, paying attention to the visual image and intuition of poetry;
Architectural beauty: mainly refers to the overall appearance of poetry, paying attention to the symmetry of section and the neatness of lines.
Formally speaking, Farewell to Cambridge is a representative poem that embodies and develops the poetic characteristics of "three beauties" advocated by Wen Yiduo.
First, the beauty of painting.
The so-called beauty of painting refers to the choice and application of "characters" that appeal to visual images, which can fully reflect the colorful characteristics of China hieroglyphics and have a sense of color.
In the language application of A Farewell to Cambridge, we pay attention to the color sense of words, and choose many words with bright colors, such as "Golden Willow" reflected by the sunset, "Yan Ying with rippling water", "Green grass on soft mud at the bottom of the water", "Rainbow reflected in the pool", "Clouds", "Sunset" and "greener grass".
At the same time, the poet changed every static picture into a dynamic picture through a series of words with strong actions, such as "wave", "ripple", "sway", "smash", "wander back" and "wave", for example, waving goodbye to the clouds in the west, swaying golden willows along the He Kang River, and swaying water plants at the bottom of the He Kang River.
In this way, the whole poem has a clear artistic conception and a flowing picture beauty. Gorgeous colors and beautiful composition are pleasing to the eye, intoxicating and lingering, as if to enter the poetic realm of sunset on the He Kang River and boating with poets at dusk.
Second, the beauty of music.
The so-called musical beauty means that the syllables of poetry are catchy and well-arranged, with the beauty of syllables and melodies appealing to auditory images.
As a representative of the Crescent Society, Xu Zhimo agrees with Wen Yiduo's new poem "Three Beauties" and has his own uniqueness in the musical beauty of poetry. In addition to regular rhythm and harmonious rhyme, he also emphasized the fluctuation of syllables and the integrity of music melody.
Farewell to Cambridge is a poem with harmonious, smooth and slightly bouncing rhythm. The beauty of music mainly comes from rhythm, which is formed by the regular repetition of sound groups. Each line of Farewell to Cambridge is basically composed of three sound groups, one of which is composed of two or three syllables. The syllables are cadenced, the tones are repeated, and they are rigorous and eclectic, with a strong sense of rhythm and flexible poetic flow, which constitutes a complete piece of music.
The rhyme of the poem is natural and harmonious, and the rhyme form strictly abides by two or four rhymes, with one rhyme for every two lines and one new rhyme for every stanza. Mom, hey; Shake it, grass; Rainbow, dream; Hui, Song; Xiao, bridge; Come on, Cai) pursues the ups and downs of syllables and a sense of melody, which makes it cadence and catchy to read. Seven verses are strewn at random, and the rhythm slowly spreads in them, resulting in the artistic realm of musical beauty.
In addition, the repetition of tones is also an important aspect of the musical beauty of this poem. The beginning and end of the poem overlap and repeat, with similar meaning and consistent rhythm, forming an echoing structural form, strengthening the sense of rhythm and melody, enhancing the musicality of the poem and giving people a dreamy feeling. In addition, the repeated use of reduplicated words such as "gently" and "quietly" also enhances the brisk rhythm of poetry.
Third, the beauty of architecture.
"Architectural beauty" also belongs to visual image, which mainly refers to the physical structure of poetry, emphasizing "symmetry of sections and uniformity of sentences", resulting in regularity or irregularity.
Farewell to Cambridge is uniform and diverse in chapter, structure and syntax. The whole poem consists of seven sections, each with four lines, and the number of words in each sentence is basically 6 or 7 words (there are eight sentences in the middle), which is neat and varied; The single line and double line are staggered by one grid and arranged in a regular and uneven hierarchical order, which keeps the balance, symmetry and diversity of the poetic style, but avoids the rigid and monotonous shortcomings brought by the overly square poetic style, giving people a fresh feeling; At the same time, the first and last cycles echo, giving people a sense of beauty.
It can be said that the beauty of architecture with neat lines, colorful paintings, harmonious rhythm and repetitive music make Farewell to Cambridge a poem that can best show the talent and personality of the poet Xu Zhimo. Because of this, Farewell to Cambridge became the best farewell poem in China in the 20th century.