In autumn in Ren Xu, on July 16, my guests and I played with boats under the Red Cliff. The breeze blows slowly, and the waves on the water are quiet. Raise a glass to persuade guests to drink together, recite poems "Moon Out" and sing chapters "Graceful and restrained". After a while, the moon rose from Dongshan and hovered between Dou Su and Niu Su. A white fog enveloped the river, and the water was sparkling and connected with the sky. Let the water boat drift freely and float on the boundless river. The river is far away, and the ship is flying in the air, and I don't know where it will stay; On the cloud nine, it's like leaving the world, without attachments, and becoming a fairy soaring into a fairy fruit.

In autumn, on July 16th and 16th, Su Shi and his friends went boating in Chibi. The breeze blows gently and the water can't reach the surface. Raise a glass to propose a toast to one's companions, recite articles related to the moon, and sing praises to chapters. Not long after, the moon rose from Dongshan and hovered between the Big Dipper and the cow. Milky white fog across the river, clear water. What does reed know? Ling Wanqing is at a loss. Vast as the wind in Feng Xu, I don't know where it ends; Floating like an independent world, feathering into a fairy.

At this time, drinking wine, I was very happy, so I knocked on the ship's rail and sang songs. He sang: "Paddles made of osmanthus and Aoki beat the clear water waves and went upstream on the river floating in the moonlight. My feelings are far away, looking at the beauty in my heart, far away in the horizon. " Some guests will play the flute, accompanied by singing, and the flute will sob, like resentment, like nostalgia, like sobbing, like whispering. After blowing, the sound is long, like a slender silk thread. This sound can make the hidden dragon dance in the abyss and make the widow in the lonely boat cry.

At this time, he was very happy to drink, slapping the ship's rail with his hand and singing. Song Yue said, "Return to Xi Lan's oar and strike the sky to trace the streamer; I'm pregnant, I hope the beauty is on the side. "The guest has oral sex, leaning on the song for peace. Its voice is whiny, like resentment, like crying; The lingering sound, dancing in the valley, hiding dumplings, crying for orphans.

I was a little sad, so I sat up straight and asked the guest, "Why are you making such a sad voice?" The guest replied: "The moon stars are rare, and crows fly south." Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking west is Xiakou, looking east is Wuchang. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, plants are lush. Isn't that where Cao Cao was defeated by Zhou Yu? When he took Jingzhou, captured Jiangling, and went down the river, warships ran for thousands of miles, banners covered the sky, drinking on the river and chanting poems with spears. This used to be a hero. Where is it now? Besides, you and I are fishing and firewood in the small continent in the middle of the river, with fish and shrimp as partners and elk as friends; Toast each other by boat; Entrusting ephemera's short life between heaven and earth is a drop in the ocean. Sigh the shortness of our lives and envy the endless Yangtze River. I would like to walk with God and live forever with the bright moon. Knowing that this wish can't be realized at once, I had to pin this helpless mood on the tune and play it in the sad autumn wind. "

Su Shi's face was sad and sad, so he sat up in a corner and asked the guest, "How do you know?" ? "The guest said," There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south. "Isn't this Cao Mengde's poem? Looking at Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east, the mountains and rivers are misty and gloomy. Isn't this because Meng Zhizhi was trapped in Zhou Lang? Fang Qi broke Jingzhou and went down to Jiangling, downstream to the east. He was thousands of miles long, wearing a flag, drinking wine and singing poems across the river, and became a hero in the world. Now, where is he? My son and I are fishing on the river, making friends with fish, shrimp and elk, keeping a boat and keeping bottles for each other. Sending ephemera to heaven and earth is a drop in the ocean, mourning for my life and admiring the infinite Yangtze River. Fly with the flying fairy, hold the bright moon, and grow up. I know that it is impossible to get it suddenly, but I hate Taiwan. "

I said to the guest, "Do you know the truth about water and the moon? The water just keeps flowing away, but it never does. The moon is round and short, but it has not been lost or grown. It turns out that if we look at it from the aspect of change, everything between heaven and earth has never been fixed in the blink of an eye; If we look at things calmly in the same way, then things and ourselves are endless. What do we envy? Besides, between heaven and earth, everything has its own master. I won't take anything if it's not what I should have. Only the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains can be heard by ears, sounds, eyes and colors. No one can forbid it, and enjoy it. This is the infinite treasure of nature, and you and I can share it together. "

Perilla said, "Do you know my husband's water and the moon? The deceased is like this, but he has never been there; If you are full of emptiness, the dead will not ebb and flow. Gai must view it from its changers, then heaven and earth can't be in an instant; If we look at it from its unchanging point of view, then things are infinite to me, but why envy them? Moreover, between heaven and earth, everything has its own master, who is not me, and has nothing to take, but the river has the upper hand, and the moon is in the mountains. Inexhaustible, inexhaustible. It is the endless hiding of the creator, and I am very comfortable with my son. "

The guest smiled happily, washed the glass and filled it again. All the vegetables and fruits have been eaten, and the cups and plates are in a mess. Everyone slept on the boat, leaning against each other, and unconsciously, the white dawn had appeared in the East.

So the companion smiled happily, wiped the cup clean again and poured it again. All the dishes have been eaten, and the cups and plates are in a mess. Sleeping on the boat, hugging each other, I know the horizon has turned white.

Political setbacks.

Xiao Sheng is very sad.

Life is impermanent and short.

Su Shi's "Thousand Cliffs Fu" shows his open-minded and indifferent attitude towards life.

In terms of language style, this paper is not as clumsy as Han Yu, nor as fluent as Ouyang Xiu. It pays more attention to convey its subjective feelings by capturing images and combining sound and color. Often dotted with expressive new words, the sentence pattern is parallel prose mixed with scattered length. "The White Dew crosses the river, the water meets the sky, the reed is like a reed, and the earth is at a loss" in Qian Chi Bi Fu describes people's vacant feelings in the vast universe, while "the sound of the river, the thousands of feet breaks, the mountains are high and the moon is small, and the water comes out" also writes the impression of cold and desolate winter in Qiu Jiang with extremely refined writing.

Qian Chi Bi Fu was written during Su Shi's relegation to Huangzhou, which was one of the most difficult periods in his life. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi was arrested and imprisoned for "Wutai Poetry Case". "After several reconstructions", he was tortured. After being rescued by many parties, he was released in1February of that year and was demoted to deputy ambassador of Huangzhou Youth League Training, but "no official contract, no unauthorized placement." This is undoubtedly a "semi-prisoner" controlled life. 1082, Ren Xu and Su Shi wrote Qian Chi Bi Fu. In his poems in Huangzhou, he once painfully described the melancholy and depressed mood at this time. "I was in Huanggang for four or five years, and I was alone in the waves, so I stopped asking questions and suspected that I died of hunger and cold." . Qian Chi Bi Fu was written in an era when Su Shi was politically frustrated, unable to move freely, had a hard life and was extremely depressed. In his "Red Cliff Ci", it is clearly revealed that "one river does not return, and it is a romantic figure through the ages." However, in reality, I can only "grow up early" and sigh that "life is like a dream". Under this heavy mental pressure, Dongpo has a deep feeling in his heart. He began to feel more worried and nihilistic about the world than ever before, but if he just lamented the vicissitudes of human beings, he would not have our admiration for his literary talent and personality today. Dongpo became Dongpo's "old Dongpo" because he was good at "getting rid of the outside world" (which is very important). One's life can't be without a blow. The problem is the attitude towards the blow. Facing the cruel political struggle, Su Dongpo wants to be detached, but he can't be detached. He said at the back of the book Before the Ode to the Red Wall: "When Shi wrote this ode last year, he didn't show people lightly, but only covered one or two people. Qin Zhi (the word was stolen by Fu Yao) sent him a letter asking for a recent article, so he sent it himself. I am afraid of how difficult things are. If you love me, you will hide. " This postscript helps to understand the author's depressed mood at that time. Su Shi had to seek sustenance from Buddhism and Taoism. The landscape of Huangzhou evoked his nostalgia for the ancients, so he expressed his admiration for the heroes of his predecessors and his ambition to govern the world. In a word, Su Shi's mentality at that time was extremely complicated: passive retreat and positive progress, suffering from illness and carefree landscapes, but behind the idea of not competing with the world, he showed anger at the injustice of the world, enterprising spirit of being unwilling to compromise, contempt for wealth and broad-minded feelings of pride and independence.

Some people once thought that Su Shi's "cautious thing" when he regarded Huangzhou Chibi as a place of friends in Sun Bin was not very accurate. The Chibi visited by Su Shi is not the real Chibi where there was a great war in history. However, the focus of Su Shi's article is not Zhou Yu's act of breaking Cao Zhuang, but he only writes articles to express his feelings through things in order to get rid of them.

Throughout the whole paper, the author's feelings have experienced three changes: joy-sadness-joy, and the author's thoughts have also experienced a development process from calm to depression, and then from depression to liberation. And around the three changes of the author's feelings, the whole article is also cleverly unfolded. "Writing carries the Tao", if the author wants to make his thoughts and feelings clearly understood by readers, he must use good literary expressions. Su Shi's philosophical thoughts in this article are also conveyed through his new use of Fu. Qianchibi Fu is a ci fu, and the author's thoughts and opinions are often expressed in the form of subject-object questions and answers. This traditional format is obviously adopted in Qianchibi Fu. Ci pays attention to parallelism and duality, and there are many parallelism and duality sentences in Qian Chi Bi Fu, so it has the basic characteristics of Ci Fu. However, Su Shi's fu is not as gorgeous as that since the Han and Wei Dynasties, but only lays out things, with little philosophical infiltration. The reason why this article is enduring is that it has made new achievements in breaking through the old style of ci and fu, which we can call prose poetry today. The poet expresses the emotional waves in his heart with a flowing style, which makes his words more vivid, more sincere and integrated with words. We have to admire Su Shi's extraordinary ability to control words. To sum up, this article has two major contributions to literature:

First, it fully shows the characteristics of prose that "the form is scattered and the spirit is not scattered". This poem is poetic, picturesque and philosophical. As far as scenery is concerned, there are bright moons, rivers and autumn winds; As far as love is concerned, there are joys and sorrows. Sometimes boating in Qiu Jiang, singing while buttoning; Sometimes he becomes independent and immortal; Sometimes I ask questions and talk about philosophy. The change of scenery and the jumping of emotions are very frequent, but they are not messy, but run through the author's subjective feelings. Su Shi expounded the philosophy of change and invariance in his article. Although this argument originated from Laozi and Zhuangzi's relativism philosophy, it has idealistic elements, but at the same time it has dialectical elements. This is the idea that the author should concentrate on expressing and the "spirit" of the article. God gathers and scatters. With subjective feelings, the prose is full of ups and downs and interesting. The article is full of emotion in the scenery and has a high artistic appeal, which provides a successful example for later prose creation.

Second, the ingenious use and innovation of "Fu" style. Fu on the Former Red Cliff is a clever combination of prose and verse, and a unity of poetry and prose. The article is a prose style, but it is not limited to ancient prose. Its sentences are long and short, its prose is vivid and elegant, and it is a beautiful prose poem. The scenes visited by this article are constantly changing, and the poet's emotions are constantly changing, but his literary style is always a note. There are both the beauty of neat parallel prose and poetic beauty, the beauty of free and rambling, and the beauty of vivid reasoning. In such a prose poem, we can appreciate both the beauty of literature and the interest of philosophy, which is undoubtedly the perfect integration of literature and philosophy.