A is right.
B's "identity" should be changed to "identity". Although "identity" is also useful, it is rarely used. The formal word should be "identity".
C's "insult" was changed to "insult".
D's "forgiveness" was changed to "forgiveness".
"Identity" or "Identity"
The "Mandarin Dictionary" published in the 1930s and 1940s and the "Xinhua Dictionary" published in 1953 only have "identity" and no "identity" ". The "Modern Chinese Dictionary" published in 1978 lists the two writing methods of "status" and "status" side by side, but "status" is listed first, indicating that the writing method "status" is more widely used. The revised version of "Modern Chinese Dictionary" published in 1996 uses "identity" as the main article and "identity" as the secondary article, which clearly reflects the attitude towards standardizing the pair of heteromorphic words "identity" and "identity", that is, The word form "identity" is advocated. Some people have opinions on this and think that it is more appropriate to use the word "identity".
The difference between "identity" and "status" is, in a sense, the difference between "part" and "fen". Let’s look at the word “share” first. "Fen", originally read as bin, "Shuowen Jiezi": "Fen, the literary quality is prepared. From the person, Fen Sheng." It is the ancient character of "bin", "literary and quality Binbin" in "The Analects of Confucius·Yongye", It turns out to be written as "literary quality part". Later, when the old and the new changed, the meaning of "wenzhibei" was exclusively represented by the word "bin", while the more senior "fen" could only stay at home. Look at the word "fen" again. "fen" is a word with multiple sounds and multiple meanings. According to the "Chinese Dictionary", "fen" has two pronunciations: fēn and fèn. The pronunciation of fēn has 17 meanings, and the pronunciation of fèn also has 13 meanings. This shows the heavy burden of the literal symbol "fen", and this Obviously it is not conducive to the accuracy and scientific nature of written records and is not conducive to written communication. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the burden on "points". Therefore, "fen", which has only one more "人" next to the word "fen" and has been idle at home for a long time, found a job again.
After "fen" was re-employed, he changed his reading to "fèn". The task was of course to reduce the burden on "fen (fèn)". "fen" is also qualified for a job. In people's language practice, the word "fen" means "affection, friendship; fame, position; fate, blessing; a whole or a part of the whole; a quantifier" and many other meanings. , can be written as "share". For example: The same works by Cao Yu, the second act of "The Wilderness" has "Huzi, for my sake, please let him go", and the third act of "Thunderstorm" has "For my sake" For mother's sake, don't make trouble with him"; "Book of Rites·Liyun" has "It's polite and the decision is made", and Zhao Shuli's "Zhang Laixing" also has "It's my responsibility, I have nothing to say when you give the order." ; Volume 35 of "The Surprise at the First Moment" has "The gods are so spiritual! In response to last night's dream, I am ashamed, I will be a rich man today", and the Liyuan Opera "Enter the Kiln" also has "It is our fate that we are connected." "We are together again"; Shen Congwen's "Three Men and a Woman" has "We tried to go to the water to take care of it, and we know that we have no part in this matter", and Mao Dun's "A Woman" also has "Creating rumors that are not conducive to ladies , both Fatty Huang and He Qiu had a share." The fifty-third chapter of "Water Margin" has "The noodles were hot, and the old man lowered his head and ate them at the table." In contemporary works, it is common to see "a newspaper "Two contracts," etc.
In modern Chinese, "status" mainly has two meanings: "(a person's) social or legal status" and "respected status". Nowadays, the reason why "identity" is forced to give way to "identity" is probably related to the following factors: First, the morpheme meaning of "fen" in "identity" means "name, position", as mentioned before As mentioned above, the meaning of "fen" can be written as "fen"; secondly, the meaning of "identity" is related to "person", and the word "fen" is structurally from person to point, and is also related to people, so "identity" Writing "identity" is more conducive to people's understanding of the word; thirdly, the issuance of the "People's Republic of China Resident Identity Card" makes "identity" give way to "identity"
catalyst. It should be admitted that although the word "identity" has long been seen in literary works, for example, in the second act of Cao Yu's "Wang Zhaojun" there is "He knows his identity is a slave", and in Liu Shude's "Mystery" there is "Being a little boy". Stock members, they raise their status so high and their tempers are so loud", etc. However, its widespread use did come after the issuance of the "ID card". Because issuance of "ID card" is a government action, the choice of the word "identity" in "ID card" objectively plays a guiding role. In view of this, the "Modern Chinese Dictionary" (Revised Edition) downgraded "identity" to a secondary article and established "identity" to a main article, which not only takes into account history, but also reflects the changes in language, which can be said to be appropriate.
Some people worry that the word "identity" has many meanings. If it is changed to "identity", it may not be able to cover all the meanings of "identity". Yes, in addition to the two meanings of "(a person's) social or legal status" and "respected status", "status" in modern Chinese also has "means, ability; behavior, activity; physical appearance, Appearance; value of things" and other meanings.
For example, in the second and third chapters of "Water Margin" there is "(Wu Song) explained in detail the identity of the person who beat the tiger with his fists and kicks"; in Volume 20 of "The Surprise of Shooting the Case", there is "(The old woman) So Xianchang also interacts with others Do something unintelligent"; "Dong Xixiang·Seven" has "She is very girlish! She has a stooped waist and turtle chest, and her teeth are missing her upper lip"; "The Scholars·Trinity" has "Your food is exquisite. Yes, it’s just that this wine was bought in the market and its status is limited,” etc. In addition, in the old Beijing dialect, "identity" also means "the quality of the object". For example, Chapter 2 of the first part of "Big Wave" by Li Jian has "Gu Tiancheng immediately dyed an item with two kinds of water, and the identity was restored." He took off his thick Jiading silk gown and put it on his left arm." However, in modern Chinese, the scope of meaning of "status" has been greatly narrowed. Basically, it only has two meanings: "(a person's) social or legal status" and "respected status", and no longer means " Means, ability; behavior, activity; physical appearance, appearance; value of things" and other meanings. As for the meaning of "status" and "quality of things",
it is rarely mentioned in Beijing dialect today, and it is especially unfamiliar to the new generation of Beijingers. Therefore, for modern Chinese vocabulary standards, when advocating the use of the word form "identity", there seems to be no need to worry that "identity" "cannot cover all the meanings of 'identity'".
Some people are also worried: "Currently, most people in Beijing pronounce the 'share' of the 'ID card' as fēn, and few people pronounce it as fèn. If this change is consolidated, it will be written as ' 'fen' is pronounced as fēn, shouldn't the word 'fen' be pronounced as fēn?" But this concern can be eliminated. Because the word "Fen" in "ID card" is read as Yinping fēn, which is affected by the high-flat tone of Yinping ("body") before it and the subsequent high-falling tone of the tone ("证"). If you read it faster, it becomes It is read as Gaoping Diao Yinping (if you don't believe it, please look at "Work Certificate", "News Agency", "Convenience Bag", "Tiandihui", etc. with the same tone combination. If they are pronounced quickly, the middle syllable will also be pronounced as Yinping), This is the result of continuous tone changes, and continuous tone changes are a phonetic phenomenon that is higher than the tone level, so continuous tone changes are generally not marked in dictionaries. Therefore, the pronunciation of "fen" is still fèn and has not increased.
In addition, some people have pointed out that the "Word Processing File Management Manual" promulgated by Taiwan's "Executive Yuan Secretariat" in 1985 stipulated that the words "part" and "identity" should always use "fen" instead of "fen". The use of "part" again is worthy of reference. In fact, this statement is incorrect. Because due to historical and geographical reasons, the two sides of the Taiwan Strait have been separated for more than 40 years, resulting in some language differences, which are particularly obvious in terms of vocabulary, such as "color TV", "mouthwash" and "pop music", which Taiwan calls " "Caishi", "Dangkou", "popular music", and even "identity" can be called "clone" (according to "An Interpretation of Words from Both Sides of the Taiwan Strait" compiled by Chang Yuru and others). Therefore, Taiwan’s regulations are “for reference only” at best to us. Starting from the laws of language development and contemporary language facts, and providing correct guidance and promotion are our most important language normative principles. In fact, the word "identity" is also used in Taiwan. Therefore, in the "Re-edited Mandarin Dictionary" compiled by Taiwan's "Ministry of Education" in 1981, the meaning of [identity] is ①" (Nation "The social status of an individual", it is noted: "Also known as identity".