Buddhist music in China is divided into two schools: southern and northern. The southern Buddhist music is characterized by euphemism and elegance, and is full of Jiangnan charm; the northern Buddhist music is deeply influenced by ancient Indian music and presents a simple, simple and elegant style. Characteristics of elegance, solemnity and solemnity. Wutai Mountain Buddhist music belongs to northern Buddhist music. Although the various Buddhist music in Mount Wutai are different, they all reflect the same characteristics of northern religious music, which is more majestic and different from the elegance of southern Buddhist music. The Buddhist band's performance not only has a rich flavor of ethnic folk music, but also has distinctive characteristics of Buddhist music. The musical instruments of Buddhist music in Mount Wutai are roughly the same in the Qing and Huang temples. They are both composed of percussion instruments and wind instruments.
Buddhist music in Mount Wutai is divided into two categories, namely Qingmiao music (Han tradition) and Huangmiao music (Tibetan tradition). The ritual music in Chinese Buddhist temples is Qingmiao music. It generally includes four parts: yoga flame mouth, singing, blowing tune and Sanqu. There are 47 songs in the Qupai that have been handed down, which are composed of five parts: yoga flame mouth, Zen door chanting, Buddhist Sanqu, three day and night version, etc.
Qingmiao music pays attention to "entering the law", that is, rules. The style is elegant and quiet, the melody is elegant, the artistic conception is profound, and it has the characteristics of distance, emptiness, lightness and tranquility. Music from Qingmiao in Mount Wutai has influence throughout China.
The main musical instruments of Qingmiao include: tambourine, dangzi, zhongmuyu, square gong, drum, cymbal, penitence bell, Xingxin, pipe, sheng, plum, etc. Among them, Sheng is the main one, Guan Mei helps. The band usually consists of 14 people.
The blowing tune in Qingmiao music is purely instrumental music for priests. The main repertoire includes more than 40 pieces such as "Shang Sutra Platform", "Mimo Rock", "Pu'an Mantra", "Bird in the Cloud", "Into the Orchid Room", etc. Some of them are from Buddhist music, some from classical music, and some It comes from folk songs. The music in Tibetan Buddhist lamaseries is called Huangmiao music, which generally includes singing, blowing, and ritual music. There are approximately 40 tunes left, which are mainly composed of three parts: the part of Zen music and chanting, the part of playing tunes, and the part of ritual use.
Influenced by national culture, Huangmiao music has less strict requirements and is more folk-colored. The melody is gorgeous, the rhythm is active, the tunes are clear, and there are many tunes in Yu and Shang tunes. It not only has the mountain style of the Mongolian and Tibetan plateaus, but also has the elegant and quiet Buddhist music charm. It only thrives and develops in Mount Wutai.
The main musical instruments of Huangmiao include: big drums, Tibetan bells and pipes, sheng, big wooden fish, tuba, belle, conch, cymbals, suona and sea flute. Among them, Guanzi is the main one, and Shengmei helps. (When welcoming the sun every morning and evening, the music used includes tuba, suona, conch, belle, etc.) The band usually consists of 10 people.
The blowing tune in Huangmiao music is used in various hall ceremonies and various Buddhist activities in Huangmiao. Some of the music comes from Qingmiao music such as "Secret Moyan", "Shangzi Green Yellow Flower", "Six-Character Mantra", etc., and some comes from classical music such as "Ruyi Ge", "Four-Character Moon High", etc., and some From folk music.
These two kinds of music include singing in praise of scriptures and purely instrumental music without scriptures. Whether it is singing or playing tunes, judging from the repertoire, except for those with strong national style, In addition to Buddhist music, in order to attract audiences and spread the teachings, it also absorbed many Chinese classical music and folk music. Many Huangmiao music tunes were introduced to the mainland from Tibet, and most of the tunes are Tibetan transliterations. But it also absorbed some ancient songs and folk songs of the Han nationality.
The scores used by the Qing and Huang temples are the traditional Gongchi score; all modulations are also the traditional fifth-degree modulation method. However, Qingmiao music and Huangmiao music have different styles and characteristics. Qingmiao music pays attention to rules, while Huangmiao music is less strict. The two temples use different height adjustments. Huangmiao uses this tune, which is Guan tune. Use Gongchipu, which is the modern E key. Qingmiao is one key lower than Huangmiao, that is, angle key, and the high pitch is equivalent to the modern D key. In addition, Qingmiao mainly focuses on Han nationality music, while Huangmiao inherits many ancient Tibetan music. Therefore, Qingmiao style is known for its solemnity, elegance and quietness, while Huangmiao music is strong, loud and more than rough.
(Wutai Mountain Buddhist Music Performance Album)