The famous churches in France in its heyday include the Cathedral of Reims and the Cathedral of Chartres, which, together with the Cathedral of Amiens and the Cathedral of Beauvais, are called the four Gothic churches in France. Strasbourg Cathedral is also famous, with its minaret 142 meters high.
Cologne Cathedral, one of the earliest Gothic churches in Germany, started construction in 1248. Designed by the French who built Amiens Cathedral, it has the style of Gothic Church in its heyday in France, and its music scene and temple are similar to Amiens Cathedral. Its central hall is 46 meters high, second only to the main church of Beauvais, France. The twin towers in the west are 152 meters high, which is very spectacular.
The most famous Gothic church in Italy is Milan Cathedral, which is one of the largest churches in Europe in the Middle Ages. Construction started in the 198s and was not completed until the early 19th century. The interior of the church is separated by four rows of huge columns, which are 49 meters wide. The middle hall is about 45 meters high, and at the intersection of the horizontal wing and the middle hall, it is more than 65 meters high, and there is an octagonal lighting pavilion above it. The middle hall is rarely higher than the side hall, and the side high window is very small. The interior is dark, and the exterior of the building is made of dazzling white marble. High flower windows, upright buttresses and 135 minarets all show upward momentum, and the statue on the top of the tower seems to be about to soar. The front of the west is an Italian gable, and it is also decorated with many Gothic pointy spires. But its doors and windows have the style of the late Renaissance.
Rococo-style architecture
The representative works of Rococo-style decoration are the Prince Salon (designed by Jean aubert in 1722) in Eric Shanteau, the Salon in Soubise Hotel (designed by germain Bovran in 1732) and the Worry-Free Palace in Potsdam. The representative works of this architectural style are the Princess Salon of Paris Supes Mansion and the Queen's Room of Versailles Palace.
Palace: Fontainebleau Palace, Louvre Palace (Louvre), Durrell Palace, Versailles Palace
Classical Church: Envalid New Church,
Rococo Interior Design: Living Room of Paris Supis Mansion
City Square: Wangdaum Square (classicism), Nancy Square and Harmony Square (Rococo) < Fontainebleau evolved from fontaine belle eau, whose original meaning in French is "beautiful spring water". Fontainebleau is a famous tourist attraction with beautiful scenery, lush forests and numerous historical sites. The most beautiful is the gallery of Francois I. There are many allegorical paintings, fruit ornaments, garlands and ribbons, and rich plaster ornaments and sculptures in the room, which is a model of French Renaissance art with Italian style. Among western museums, Fontainebleau Palace is the best place to collect and exhibit the treasures of Yuanmingyuan, and the China Pavilion in the palace can be said to be the reappearance of Yuanmingyuan in the west. The renovation and expansion of this 16th century palace never stopped until the 19th century, and the architectural styles of various periods have left traces here. Many famous architects and artists participated in the construction of this French imperial palace.
The Louvre is one of the oldest, largest and most famous museums in the world. Located in the north bank (right bank) of the Seine River in the center of Paris, France, it was founded in 124 and has reached today's scale after more than 8 years of expansion and reconstruction. The Louvre covers an area of about 45 hectares (including lawns) and the building covers an area of 4.8 hectares. The total length is 68 meters. Its overall building is U-shaped, which is divided into two parts: the old one was built in the period of Louis XIV, and the new one was built in the period of Napoleon. The pyramid-shaped glass entrance in front of the palace was designed by Chinese architect I.M. Pei. At the same time, the Louvre is also the oldest palace in French history.
The collection includes the statue of Venus, the oil painting of Mona Lisa and the stone carving of Goddess of Victory, which are known as the three treasures in the world. There are also a large number of antiques from Greece, Rome, Egypt and the East, as well as ancient relics from France and Italy. The exhibition area is 55, square meters and the collection is 25, pieces.
The Louvre was built in the 13th century, which was the castle of the French royal family at that time, and was used as the national treasury and archives. However, in 1546, the architect Pierre Lesco rebuilt the Louvre under the entrustment of the king, thus giving the palace a Renaissance style. After that, it went through many authorized expansions by the royal family, and after the turmoil of the French Revolution, the overall construction of the Louvre was completed when it arrived in Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte.
After the famous "King Charles" built an important library, Francois I in the 16th century began to collect various works of art on a large scale. By the time of Louis XIII and Louis XIV, the collection of the Louvre had been very substantial. By the eve of Louis XIV's death, the Louvre had become a place where paintings and sculptures were often exhibited.
On August 1th, 1793, the Louvre Art Museum officially opened to the public and became a museum. Since then, the collection here has been increasing, not to mention the artistic tribute that Napoleon requisitioned from those conquered countries. In short, there are 4, artworks recorded in the collection catalogue of the museum, which are divided into many categories, from the artworks of ancient Egypt, Greece, Etruria and Rome to the artworks of eastern countries; There are sculptures from the Middle Ages to modern times; There are also an amazing number of royal treasures and paintings. So far, the Louvre has become a world-famous art hall.
a few halls in Versailles are rococo style.
Also known as the new church for disabled soldiers, it was built in the nursing home for disabled soldiers in the center of Paris to honor "those who shed blood for the monarch". Architect A Monsat abandoned the tradition of imitating Roman Jesuits and Gothic churches, and adopted a square Greek cross plane with four circular prayer rooms at the four corners.
At the top of the building, a powerful dome is held high with powerful drum seats, which constitutes a centralized monument. The dome is 15 meters high and is the vertical composition center of the church. The dome is composed of three layers of shells, and a lighting pavilion used in the Renaissance is added on the top. On the dome surface, the gold-plated aluminum trophy relief between the 12 ribs is dazzling against the green background. It also points out the architectural theme: not only a religious building, but also to show off the brilliant achievements of Louis XIV.
en Kawara Tsutomu has bright interior, little decoration and no external decoration. The column combination shows strict logic, clear veins, solemnity and elegance, without religious mystery and dedication.
introduction
Nancy is a city in the northeast of France. At the intersection of the Moser River and the Marne-Rhine Canal. The economic and cultural center of Lorraine region. The population is 96,, including 278, in the suburbs (1982). Transportation hub. There are resources such as iron, rock salt and coal nearby. Metallurgy and metal processing industry center. There are industries such as steel, machinery, chemistry, precision instruments, tobacco and crystal glass. There are universities (built in the late 14th century), museums and libraries. More than 18 th century monuments.
[ Edit this paragraph] Overview
Nancy is located in the center of France's Lorraine Region, which is the capital of Lorraine Region and the capital of Mert-Moselle Province. It is 35 kilometers away from Paris and 15 kilometers away from Strasbourg, the seat of the European Parliament, with about 35, urban residents. It is the second largest city in eastern France after Strasbourg, Huste. Nancy is a famous historical and cultural city and one of the European financial centers. It has a long history and a modern civilization. This city has become a cultural center with regional operas, national theater ballet, national drama center, symphony troupe, national music school, museums, cinemas and so on. There are about 18, enterprises and 16, employees in Nanxi. With its numerous industrial enterprises and active business atmosphere, it provides a large number of employment opportunities for residents in Lorraine Province. Nancy is also an important education center and the largest university town in northeast France. There are three public universities (Nancy I, Nancy II and National Institute of Technology) located in this city, with hundreds of laboratories and more than 3 researchers, and more than 4.5 college students have been accepted and trained. Nancy has beautiful natural scenery. People can take a walk, ride a bike and go skiing in Vosges (an hour's drive to Nancy). There are few high-rise buildings in downtown Nancy, but there are only a few at the train station. Therefore, the sky in the city is particularly open, and you can see hills and forests in the distance at almost any intersection. The depressing skyscrapers are out of touch with the sky here. The streets are not wide, and most of them are only for two cars. Like Paris, the density of traffic lights in the city center is extremely high, which is a good way to limit traffic. Buildings with unique styles, decorated with patterns and statues can be seen everywhere, and the host family also likes to engrave the architectural age of the house. Being ancient here is definitely an honor. Many streets and alleys are paved with stones, and vehicles are forbidden to enter. Walking in the rain, you can often hear the sound of high heels knocking on stones. In the streets, not far away, you can always meet Gothic or Balotec churches; And every corner of the city, you can see the clock tower of a church towering in the sky.
Nancy has a long history and rich culture. Stanislas Square, located in the center of Nancy, was built in 1761-1769 by stanislas, the father-in-law of French King Louis XV, the Duke of Loran. In the 19th century, it was named after the builder and replaced the statue of Louis XV with its statue. It integrates the architectural styles of medieval cities and Renaissance cities, and is a masterpiece of the combination of the Royal Plaza and the National Plaza. The Arc de Triomphe, which was rebuilt from the ruins of the city wall at the exit of the square, is the connection point between the new and old cities. This complex was listed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 1983. Nancy was also the birthplace of "New Art School" in Europe in the early 2th century. Now there are various cultural festivals organized here every year. Nancy is famous for its museums, multimedia libraries and national music protection center.
Nancy has developed modern industries, such as robot industry, electronics industry, artificial intelligence industry, machinery industry, motor industry, paper making, textile, metallurgy and printing industry. There are three universities in this city, including thousands of researchers, hundreds of laboratories and 45, students.
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