Indian music is generally believed to have originated from the Veda. The saint who was created by Lord Shiva and taught music to Indians is called Rishi. Rishi Narada is good at playing the veena and singing hymns. According to legend, Li Xi's musical skills and the establishment of Indian music were inspired by the all-wise god Vishnu. ． Sangita:
Indian Sanskrit, covering elements such as vocal music (Geet), instrumental music (Vadya), dance (Natya) and drama.
Indian classical music; divided into two branches, northern and southern. South India is called Carnatic, which is the general music of the southern province of Karnataka and other southern provinces. South Indian music; North India is also called Hindustan music (Hindustani), which refers to the northern Hindu region, the northwest border and eastern West Bengal, etc. are collectively referred to as North Indian music. The Indian musical scale is called Swara (Western Note), and the notes it consists of are called Sha/Li/Ga/Ma/Pada/Ni SA/RE/Ga/Ma/Pa/Dha/Ni which are similar to the Western notes. Do/Re/Me/Fa/So/Ra/Te are similar, but not identical. Western pianos can be subdivided into 12 microtone intervals, while the Indian scale can be divided into 22 microtone intervals, called Suruti.
． The two most important elements of Indian classical music are Raga and Tala.
． Raga is the basic tune of Indian classical music, which can also be said to be the seed of melody. Raga is derived from (Sanskrit) in Hindu language, which means color or passion, so Raga attempts to use the melody of a specific combination of notes to lead the listener's emotions and feelings. The basic melody composed of 5 to 7 notes can be freely changed.
Rasa: It is the situation or emotion of raga, which can be summarized into nine types;
1) Joyful = game
2) Surprise = surprise
3) Sad = pathos
4) Angry = resentment
5) Horrible = fear
6) Repulsive = disgust
7) Erotic = sex
8) Heroic = conquest
9) Tranquil = peace
In traditional customs, whether it is singing or playing, the raga to be selected is completely determined based on the time, season, and mood, such as morning/noon/evening or sadness/joy/spring, summer, autumn, winter, or worship of gods...etc. , the raga is not to be confused with.
The relationship and requirements between raga and performers: raga is not just a fixed melody type, but also includes time, abstract situational emotional appeals such as Rasa, and improvisational skills and performances. Long and short independent control, because the performer is also a creator and has the ability of a composer, he can be regarded as a competent Indian performer. Traditional raga is nothing more than religious worship, and is related to the different time of day, seasonal changes, and the seven emotions and six desires. The number is limited, but the main raga (the main theme/Indians call it king or sir raga) and the accompanying main raga The sub-raga of the lattice (sub-melody/Indian people call it queen or wife raga) can produce new raga by combining the creativity of the performer.
However, musicians must abide by the standards of raga (such as time, concept, mood, pitch speed), original spirit or smooth and melodious inheritance and other factors, so as not to be like a tiger instead of a dog. . It is called Sankirtan in India. If the ragh is compared to a Western symphony, it can be divided into several movements. The first movement is Alap, which is a slow movement of free-farm improvisation. , the main function of this movement is to lead the listener into the mood of the main raga.
In the second movement, the rhythm of the drummer Jor timely joins the main melody in the raga. The countless main themes and the following drum sounds gradually increase from the adagio.
The third movement is the last movement. It is usually an allegro movement, but the player, whether he is a lead instrument, vocalist or drummer, can alternate between fast and slow in a timely manner, from 2 beats to 16 beats, slow to slow. , medium plate, and quick pull are called Gat, but Gat is more liberal and open in North India, while South India has stricter regulations. Ghat in North India is between the lower octave and the middle octave, while in South India it is between the middle octave and the upper octave. Tala originates from Sanskrit, Ta and Taandava, the cosmic dance of Siva, symbolizing the endless rhythm of the universe. La refers to the dance Lashia of the avatar of Parbati, the concubine of Shiva. It is collectively called Tala. Tala is similar to the Western rhythm. Tala in India is in the rhythm cycle. Fixed beat (Rhythmic Cycle Containing a Fixed number of beats) Indian rhythm is very complex, ranging from 3-108 beats (commonly used 5-23); commonly used rhythm patterns are 3 2 /3 3/4 4 4 4/4 3 /3 3 3 3 and other combinations.
Tala provides the basis for the structure of precise melodic raga; therefore tala and raga are two indispensable pillars of Indian music.
The instrument that best plays Tala is the Tabla drum in North India, and the Mridangam in South India.
． Thaat (Thaat) was sorted out and classified by North Indian music scholar Bhat Gandhi. From the traditional 72 kinds of ragas, he reorganized these ten different kinds of ragas. These ten kinds of thaat are usually placed together with other ragas. show. The names of these ten types of tal are as follows:
1) Bilawal (morning/joy
2) Marwa (afternoon/love and passion
3) Bhairav ??(Bhairavi) morning/sadness
4) Bhairav ??(Bhairavi) morning light/reverence
5) Ocarina (Todi) morning/reverence
6) Asawari dusk/gentleness
7) Yaman/(Kalyan) dusk/yang energy and liveliness
8 ) Khamaj (Eternal Love)
9) Kafi (Kafi) Passion for the Morning
10) Poorvi (Poorvi) is mysterious at dusk. It is the starting sound of the Indian music beat, but it is also the ending sound of the musician (vocal/instrumental music).
Since improvisation is an important element in Indian music, with Sam, each instrument and vocal music can find the same starting point or ending point in a timely manner. The main drum notation mainly includes North Indian tabla drum notation, the most common is Tintal 16 beats 4x4x4x4=16 beats, but the starting point of the first Dha of the first measure of Sam is the end point.
Ex. Dha Dhi Dhi Dha/ Dha Dhi Dhi Dha/ Dha Tin Tin Na /Na Dhin Dhin Dha/Dha
South Indian Tala drum music: the main drum music is The magic single root (Mridangan) drum score of South India
Adi Tala 4 2 2 =8 beats Ta Ti Nam Tom
． Swara is the basic musical scale of India. Sarasvati, the Indian God of Knowledge, created Swara, the basic musical scale of India, from the vast and boundless universe. These seven basic musical scales are different. In Western roll call, Sa/Re/Ga/Ma/Pa/Dha/NI is the source of Indian music. Without Swara created by the goddess, there would be no Indian music. These seven roll calls also represent different gods.
From the free changes of Swara's seven-note scale, you can combine it into a moving sound of nature!
Goddess Saraswati is dressed in white, playing the veena with both hands, holding a book in one hand and a prayer bead in the other, sitting on a lotus, elegant and beautiful, not many in ordinary temples. See, on the annual special anniversary of Goddess Saraswati, she is worshiped by school teachers and students, craftsmen or merchants, and is a goddess worshiped by Indians to pray for knowledge, wisdom or artistic musicians.