guqin
guzheng
2. The difference between the age and the name.
In ancient times, "Qin" was the guqin, also known as "lyre" and "lyre", while "Zheng" was called Zheng, also known as ". Guqin has a written history of at least 4000 years. According to historical records, guqin appeared no later than the Yao and Shun period. Zheng appeared later than Qin dynasty, about in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, more than 2,500 years ago.
Three. Difference in volume
Guqin is smaller and easier to carry. Guqin is generally about 1.2 meters long and 25 to 30 centimeters wide.
Guzheng is much bigger than piano. The size of a Zheng is generally about 1.6 meters long and 40 to 50 centimeters wide.
4. The difference between strings
Qin was originally a banjo, and it was only after the Han Dynasty that it was finalized as a banjo. There is no piano code in the middle, and one string is polyphonic, which has been used ever since. The contemporary multi-string stringed instrument with Qin is "Se", with 25 strings. The Zheng should be developed on the basis of "Se". At first, it was 12 string, and in the Tang Dynasty it was 13 string (still used in Japan). The number of Hou Xian is increasing, and the modern Zheng in China has generally been changed to 2 1 string, with the string code in the middle, one string and one tone.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) The difference between sound and sound.
Guqin enters the heart: Guqin has a small volume and a heavy and simple tone, which can make people calm down and relax.
Guzheng is pleasing to the ear: the volume of guzheng is very loud, and the timbre is bright and gorgeous.
6. Differences in playing methods
The performance of guqin is often called "fiddling", with the left hand pressing the strings and the right hand plucking the strings. The basic fingers of the right hand are: hook, pick, wipe, pick, hold, break, hit and pick. The basic fingers of the left hand are Yin, Lin, Chu and Zhu. When plucking the strings with the right hand and pressing the strings with the left hand, various techniques can be used to play, such as "Yin" and "Lin" swinging back and forth, "Chuo" sliding up and "Note" sliding down, thus forming the unique playing style of Guqin. There are three kinds of guqin sounds: scattered sound, stressed sound and overtone sound.
The common playing method of guzheng is to pluck the strings with three fingers of the right hand, that is, the big, middle and middle fingers, to pop up the melody and master the rhythm, and to adjust the tension of the strings on the left side of the piano column with the left hand to control the change of chords, thus polishing the melody. There are many fingering methods of the Zheng. Hold, chop, pick, wipe, pick, hook, shake and pinch with the right hand, and press, slide, rub and quiver with the left hand. ?
Seven. Difference of symbols
Guqin music has its own style. It was called "word music" in ancient times and "subtraction music" in Tang Dynasty.
Guzheng used "Miyachi notation" in ancient times, but now it uses simple notation and staff notation.
Eight. Differences in historical inheritance
Guqin has a large number of ancient music handed down from generation to generation (for example, Guangling San, Xiaoxiang, Meihua Sannong, Pingsha Yan, Yangguan Sandie, drunkard, etc.). ). Only in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, more than 150 music scores were published in the form of "minus notation" for guqin, and there were three kinds of music scores dedicated to guqin in past dynasties.
There are few ancient scores of guzheng, and a few ancient songs such as "Fishing Boat Singing Late" should be works of the Republic of China. Modern guzheng players and composers have created and adapted widely circulated guzheng songs, such as the famous guzheng songs "Mountain Flowing Water", "Qin Sang Qu", "Cold Duck Playing in the Water", "The Overlord of the West Chu", "Legacy of Lin 'an", "Yao Dance Music" and "Moonlit Night on a Spring River".
Up to now, there are hundreds of guqin handed down from Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties in museums and folk collectors all over the world, and there are nearly 20 guqin in the Tang Dynasty alone, some of which can also be used for playing. Zheng's handed down objects are extremely rare, and most of the exhibits are imitations based on unearthed cultural relics (which can no longer be played). This is because the guqin board is thicker, protected by lacquer tires, and the production process is more sophisticated and complicated. Guqin made according to traditional techniques can last for thousands of years. However, Zheng's surface, bottom and wall are all thin, and there is no paint tire protection, so its service life is short. This is the origin of the phrase "only a thousand-year-old guqin, not a hundred-year-old guzheng".
Nine. Differences in learning difficulty
It is almost difficult to start with the elementary repertoire of Qin and Zheng. In the intermediate repertoire, the speed and strength of fingers are obviously higher, and it is very difficult to practice technically. Therefore, it is more difficult to learn Guqin in technology, and in the expression of artistic conception, Guqin has always been regarded as a Taoist musical instrument with self-cultivation and profound and unique cultural heritage, which requires the long-term accumulation and understanding of the knowledge and accomplishment of Guqin players before it can go deep into the piano.
About guzheng:
Guzheng, also known as Zheng, is located in the hometown of plucked instruments in China, with a history of more than 2,500 years. Guzheng has a wide range, clear timbre and rich expressive force. The appearance of the guzheng is a rectangular wooden sound box, and the string frame "Zheng column" (that is, wild goose column) can move freely, and five sounds are arranged in one string. At the earliest, there were 25-string guzheng (divided into guzheng), which was 13 in Tang and Song Dynasties, and then increased to 16, 18 and 2 1 string. The most commonly used specification at present is 2 1 string.
Naming:
One is like its timbre, and the other is the story of two people fighting for musical instruments.
History:
Guzheng existed in Qin State in the Spring and Autumn Period and was used in primitive dance music.
In the Han Dynasty, five strings were added to the piano body. In the early years of the Tang Dynasty (7th century AD), there was a record of rolling a Zheng, which proved that it changed from a stringed instrument to a plucked instrument and developed to 13 strings, which was close to the embryonic form of modern Zheng. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the rolling zither was renamed "Qian", and the 7-stringed zither and 13 stringed zither were used at the same time, while 13 stringed zither was mostly used in folk. After the Qing Dynasty, 13 string zither was widely used instead of 7 string zither.
Piano body:
The body of the Zheng is an empty wooden box with a flat rectangle and a curved panel. The two ends of the rope are on the pass, the pass on the left is S-shaped, and the pass on the right is straight. On the left is the Zheng tail, or phoenix tail, which has a string nail to fix the strings, and on the right is a screw to adjust the tension of the strings to control the pitch; There is a piano code called Yanzhu in the middle to support the strings, and the piano code can also be tuned by moving. The number of strings varies from region to region, and the most common ones are 2 1 stringed instruments, as well as 16 stringed instruments and 26-stringed instruments. Due to different schools, there are nylon steel strings, steel strings and silk strings.
The high-pitched string of guzheng is closest to the player, and the low-pitched string is on the outermost side, which is called 1 string to 2 1 string from the inside out. 2 1 string guzheng usually sets the string according to the pentatonic scale in d major, and the left hand can press the left string of the piano code to raise the string; In modern multimodal (or atonal) music, different special styles are realized by setting specific scales.
Reference link Baidu Encyclopedia Guzheng