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The historical origins of Qianshan temple music

Buddhism and Taoism coexist in the same mountain. This rare phenomenon makes Qianshan full of legend. And this also makes Qianshan temple music a cultural treasure, because it includes both Buddhist music and Taoist music. The musical instruments of the two are almost the same, but the content and charm of the singing are different. Qianshan Buddhist music is different from other temple music. It is characterized by distinctive rhythm, high pitch, bold and rough tunes, and passionate emotions. It has both a strong religious color and distinctive local characteristics. Qianshan Buddhist music is divided into two parts: vocal music and instrumental music. The vocal music part is divided into two parts: "Zen Music" and "Coping Rhyme". "Zen Yun" is characterized by the accompaniment of percussion instruments; "Ying Yun" is accompaniment by sheng and wind instruments, which are mostly used to play the "flame mouth". Qianshan Buddhist music is also rich in singing forms, including solo singing ("Zan Tou", "Qiqiang"), chorus singing, straight singing, rhyme and so on, most of which are led by "Vina Master". All the monks responded. "Straight singing" is a unique style of singing in Buddhist music. It has two types: singing type and semi-singing type. The "singing type" has a stronger melody, while the "semi-singing type" is closer to rap, and is often used in "Yankou". Qianshan Taoist music was introduced to Wuliangguan from Tieshashan Mountain during the Kangxi period, and was later processed by two Taoist priests from the Liyuan family to create the "Northeast New Rhyme" with six minor rhymes and thirteen major rhymes. More than 400 pieces of music including Zouma Yun. New rhyme can be classified from two aspects: rhyme category and word category. From the rhyme type, it can be divided into: big rhyme, small rhyme, walking rhyme, confession, chanting tune; from the content of the words: (1) Yang rhyme, also called Shen rhyme, such as "Liu Hanyan". (2) Yin Yun, also called ghost rhyme.

The performance of Qianshan Buddhist music is composed of national wind instruments such as sheng, pipe, and flute, as well as drums, cymbals, cymbals, clangs, hafniums, bells and pestles, large chimes, small chimes, wooden fish, and bells. It is composed of ethnic percussion instruments and ritual instruments, and is divided into three parts: cymbals, ritual music, chanting music and instrumental music. Qianshan Taoist music is performed by a combination of wind instruments such as flutes, flutes, single (double) pipes, and shengs, as well as percussion instruments and ritual instruments such as bells and drums, large chimes, lead chimes, dangzi, hafnium, bells, and wooden fish. .