Broadly speaking, a symphony is a sonata for an orchestra. This form of music originated in the Baroque period, when the interpretation of the name was equivalent to the current opera "Overture", that is, instrumental music consisting of three movements: Allegro-Adagio-Allegro. After the classical period, the generally recognized mode is the first movement: Allegro and Sonata; The second movement: Adagio; The third movement: minuet or scherzo; The fourth movement: Allegro, Rondo.
Haydn in the classical period brought the symphony to a new peak, and Mozart followed his example and made some breakthroughs, especially the last 300 symphonies of 1788. Beethoven's history has promoted the ability of symphonies to express emotions to a new stage. These nine symphonies not only expanded the composition of the orchestra and the length of music, but also introduced human voices into the final movement of Schiller's chorus.
/kloc-after the romantic music school in the 0/9th century, symphony creation became more extensive, but the form began to change slightly, or the number of movements was changed, or vocal music was added. In addition, influenced by the composition method of title music, the type of "title symphony" was developed. For example, Beethoven's sixth pastoral symphony, op. 68.
Symphony poem
It is a single-movement orchestral work with title music, which is different from a multi-movement title symphony. Symphonic poetry was first quoted by Liszt in his works, and Liao's Symphony Fantasia had a great influence on it. Symphonic poetry is to develop the idea of poetry in music, to create and express feelings with music, and to express the artistic conception, atmosphere and content of poetry. Symphonic poem is the most developed music in title music, because its subject matter is free and its techniques are not limited, and composers can express their ideas freely. Richard, a German musician in the late Romantic period. R Strauss (1864~ 1949) is a master of symphonic poetry. He renamed the symphonic poem "Phonetic Poetry".
Suite (suite)
/kloc-after the middle of the 0/8th century, the dance suite was no longer valued by composers, mainly because music gradually became popular, and the dance music in the court was no longer so popular. After the Romanticism, descriptive dance music was very popular, usually orchestral and instrumental music. Most of them are composed of many short songs, and there is no certain rule to follow. Composers can create freely, such as Animal Carnival by Saint-Sang, Childhood Scene by Schumann, and Painting in Exhibition by Mussochi. In addition, there are wonderful orchestral music in the ballet, which is used alone in the ballet suite at the concert, such as Sleeping Beauty, Swan Lake and Nutcracker Suite by Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky.
Concerto (concerto)
Concerto originated in16th century, originally referring to acoustic music accompanied by musical instruments, which was different from that prevailing in cappella at that time. It was not until the Baroque era that it meant instrumental solo accompaniment. Concertos in Baroque period were mostly concertos, and concertino played Tutti simultaneously or alternately, so the music room became a competition mode. Concerto for solo instruments didn't appear until the late Baroque, and the most frequently heard concerto style was perfected in the classical period. Famous baroque concertos, such as Bach's Brandenburg Concerto, usually have three movements in classical concertos-Allegro, Adagio and Allegro.
Overture (overture)
Generally, it is played before large-scale music such as opera, divine drama and ballet, which has the function of opening and guiding the audience into the drama atmosphere. In the classical period, the overture of opera was sonata-style, which was closely related to the content of opera, among which Mozart's overture was played the most. In the19th century, independent concert overtures appeared, such as Mendelssohn's Fingahl Cave and Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky's 18 12.
Serenade (serenade)
The original explanation of serenade is a love song sung under the window of a beloved woman at night. The instrumental serenade popular in classical times is a kind of outdoor performance at night, which is used for the leisure of nobles and princes. Serenade is performed in the form of a small ensemble, usually played by a small string band or wind band. For example, Mozart's string serenade K525 in G major. Serenade continued to develop after the19th century, with excellent works by Brahms, Devzak, Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky, Richard Strauss and elgar.
March (March)
It was originally a form of accompaniment, which enabled a group of soldiers to advance in an orderly manner. Usually use simple, bright and powerful rhythms and neat and regular phrases. For example, the second movement of Beethoven's heroic symphony, the funeral March, and the wedding March in Mendelssohn's A Midsummer Night's Dream.
chamber music
The formation of the concept of modern chamber music began in the classical period, led by Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven, which opened up many new worlds of chamber music.
The most common playing styles are trio, quartet and quintet, but there are also sextets, septets, octets and septets, but the number is small. Like Schubert's fourth movement.
Sonata (sonata)
Music specially created for one or two solo instruments is the most important and valuable contribution of classical music school. Sonata came into being in16th century, and baroque sonata developed in17th century. The Vienna classical sonatas by Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven appeared in the late17th century. Sonata is similar to symphony in form and is divided into three or four movements.
1. Allegro in the first movement of three movements, sonata form
Adagio or Andante in the second movement
Allegro or Allegro in the third movement, Rondo
2. Allegro in the first movement of the four movements, sonata style
Adagio or Andante in the second movement
The third movement minuet or sincere harmony
Allegro or Allegro in the fourth movement, Rondo
The sonata form was completed by Haydn, and Mozart and Beethoven extended this form to the limit, increasing its smooth and beautiful performance. Although composers in the19th century created sonatas, symphonies and chamber music in the same way, they did not follow the original pattern. Or music with only one movement or even a combination of five movements. Piano sonatas, violin sonatas and cello sonatas are the most common works in the classical period, such as Beethoven's violin sonatas Spring and Croson, and piano sonatas Moonlight, Passion and Sorrow.
Variation (change)
Variations change a musical theme with a complete structure, making it have rhythm, melody, harmony and tone.
Sex, orchestration, etc. have changed. Also known as "Themes and Variations", Long song even has 30 variations.
Above. The theme of variations is not necessarily original, but often taken from other people's works. Like Beethoven's Diabelli.
Variations "(selected from a waltz melody composed by Diabelli).
fantasy
Piano music composed according to the composer's free will. His sketches with improvisational and romantic personality, or free-form sonatas, such as Schubert's Fantasia for a Wanderer and Schumann's Fantasia 17, etc.
Etudes (etudes)
Music created for the purpose of practicing instrumental performance skills, such as Cherny's piano etudes and Paganini's violin etudes; There are also concert etudes, such as Liszt's twelve concert etudes, Chopin's etude No.12 in C minor, Revolution.
Improvise (impromptu)
Express the composer's thoughts by improvisation, and express the contrast between fast and continuous notes and lyricism. Such as Schubert's impromptu in G flat major and Chopin's fantasy impromptu.
A Prelude
As the name implies, it is a kind of music that acts as a prelude. Before the main music. The Romantic Period, essays flourish. Prelude refers to an independent piano ditty with free form. Chopin, Rachmaninov and Debussy all have such works.
Nocturne (nocturne)
The word nocturne comes from NOX in Latin, which means "night god" in Roman mythology. This free-form, elegant and romantic instrumental ditty is suitable for playing in the atmosphere at night. 1At the beginning of the 9th century, J. Field (1782 ~1837) took Nocturnal as a piano work, and Chopin's next 2 1 Nocturnal can serve as a model for this kind of work. The piano nocturne is characterized by the accompaniment mode of bass and left hand ups and downs, which sets off the sweet theme of right hand.
Rhapsody (Rhapsody)
A kind of music with narrative, heroic and national color, which is common in19th century. Such as hungarian rhapsody by Liszt, Rhapsody for contralto by Brahms, Rhapsody for Slavic by Devzak, rhapsody in blue by Gesic, Rhapsody for Paganini by Rachmaninov, etc.
Random thoughts
Refers to/kloc-a relaxed, humorous and interesting piano sketch in the 0/9th century. For example, the whimsy of Mendelssohn and Brahms.
ballad
Originated from the Italian word "ballare", which means dancing. In the early Middle Ages, songs were originally meant to dance and sing at the same time.13rd century gradually separated from dancing and moved towards a pure literary music form dominated by minstrels. Since16th century, this language has been applied to any narrative pop songs. Chopin first composed a pure instrumental ballad in the19th century, and borrowed this term from a long drama piano sketch. In addition, Brahms, Liszt, Greg, Frey and others all have folk songs.
scherzo
Originally meant as "banter" and "joke", it was first applied to acoustic music in the seventeenth century, while Beethoven was in
The third chapter replaces minuets with sonatas and symphonies. Scherzo is characterized by its fast pace and liveliness, which is usually the lightest movement in the whole song. Chopin's use of this term in piano works is not playful, but is characterized by strong feelings, great momentum, some gloom, and alternating lyrical and lively styles.
Polish Dance (Polonaise)
"Polish Dance" is a kind of parade dance music that originated in Poland. Its rhythm is three times that of the medium speed, a little slower than the waltz, and its style is magnificent. Many composers, including Bach, Gandel, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert and Liszt, have written such works. Chopin pushed Polish dance music to a higher artistic level. His works are characterized by Polish heroism and national spirit, and express his strong patriotic feelings.
Fugue (fugue)
Baroque music is a kind of music organization and belongs to polyphonic music. "Fugue" refers to the mutual imitation between various parts, and its main structure includes:
Theme: A short and precise part appears at the beginning of the music.
A: Imitation phrases that appear a few bars later than the topic and move up five degrees or down four degrees.
Anti-theme: Contrary to the theme.
Episode: The middle part is used to connect topics and answer sentences.
For example, the fugue in the first and second volumes of Bach's Collection of Classical Piano Music.