"White Snow", a song from the Zhou Dynasty.

"Ping Tiao", "Qing Tiao" and "Se Tiao" are the music that entertained men and women in the bedrooms of the Zhou Dynasty. It was called "Three Tune" in the Han Dynasty.

"Gong Mo Wu" was called "Turban Dance" in the Jin and Song Dynasties. According to legend, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty and Xiang Yu met at Hongmen. Xiang Zhuang danced with his sword and was about to harm Emperor Gaozu. Xiang Bo was entrusted by Zhang Liang to protect the great ancestor. He danced with his sleeves, separated Xiang Zhuang's sword, and said: "Don't harm Pei Gong." The Han people thought of Xiang Zhuang's kindness and deliberately performed this dance, using a scarf as a symbol of the dance. The legacy of Xiang Bo's sleeves.

"Bayu" was written by Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Gaozu sent troops from the Shu Han Dynasty to attack Chu, taking the Banzhen Man as the vanguard. The people were brave and good at fighting, and they were fond of singing and dancing. Emperor Gaozu observed this and said: "King Wu is attacking Zhou Song." He ordered the music workers to learn from it, and named it "Ba Yu" . Bayu is named after Bashan and Chongqing Rivers.

In "Mingjun", during the reign of Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu Chanyu entered the dynasty and ordered Wang Qiang (Wang Zhaojun) to match him. When Zhaojun was about to leave, he entered the post of Emperor Yuan. His brilliance was so great that it stirred people around. Emperor Yuan regretted it endlessly. The Han people wrote this song because they pitied Zhaojun for marrying far away. Jin Shi admired prostitutes who were good at dancing with green beads, so he taught them this song and wrote the lyrics himself: "I am a son of the Han family, and I will be a single person in the court. I used to be a jade in a box, but now I am a dung native ying." King Wen of Jin made it clear, so Jin people call it "Mingjun".

"Feng Jiang Chu", an old song from the Han Dynasty.

"The Lord of the Ming Dynasty", "Tao Dance" in this Han Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty, he changed his words to praise the king's virtue.

"Duo Wu", a Chinese song.

"White Dove", a Wu Dynasty whisk dance music.

"White Band", Shen Yue said: "It comes from Wu, so it is suspected to be Wu Wu."

"Midnight", a Jin song. A woman in Jin Dynasty made this sound at night. The sound was so painful that ghosts often sang to it in Jin Dynasty.

"Qianxi" was made by Shen Liu, the chariot and cavalry general of the Jin Dynasty.

"Azi" and "Happy Wen" were written by Emperor Mu of the Jin Dynasty at the beginning of his reign. After every song, he would often call out "Azi, have you heard it?", and later generations performed the music and thought it was this song.

"Tuan Fan", Jin Zhongshu Ling Wang Min has a relationship with his sister-in-law's maid, and they love each other deeply. The sister-in-law beat the maid through hardships, and the maid was good at singing, but Min liked to hold the white round fan, because of the song: "The round fan comes back to the round fan, and I hold my promise to cover my face. I am haggard and unreasonable, and I am ashamed to meet the man."

"Chang Shi Bian", a Jin song.

"Supervisor", a song from the Jin and Song dynasties. Xu Kui, the eldest son-in-law of Emperor Gaozu of the Song Dynasty, was killed by Lu Gui. The eldest daughter of Emperor Gaozu called Ding Yun to your Excellency to ask about Xu Kui's funeral. Every time she asked, she would sigh: "Ding Du protects you!" Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty also composed the lyrics, saying: "The governor is going to the expedition, but Nong Yi hates to hear the promise. I wish to be like a stone and stand in the wind, and stop traveling on all sides."

"Reading Music", Song Dynasty.

"Crying in the Night" was written by Wang Yiqing of Linchuan in the Song Dynasty. In the seventeenth year of Yuanjia, Wang Yikang of Pengcheng moved to Yuzhang. When he was in charge of Jiangzhou in Yiqing, he cried when he met Yikang. The emperor was so strange that he returned home after being conquered, and was greatly frightened. A prostitute in Yiqing heard the cry of crows at night and struck the Zhai Pavilion, saying: "Tomorrow there will be a pardon." In that year, Yiqing turned to Nan Yanzhou to assassinate the history, so she composed this song.

"Stone City" was written by Zang Zhi of the Song Dynasty. The stone city was in Jingling, and Zang Zhichang was the governor of Jingling County. Looking from the city, he saw a group of young people singing as they passed by, so he composed this song. The song goes: "Below the stone city, open the door to the city tower. In the city, there are beautiful young people, who look like each other when they go in and out."

"Mo Chou Le" comes from "Stone City Music". There is a girl named Mochou in Shicheng who is good at singing ballads. The sound of "Mochou" is repeated in "Stone City Music", so the song goes: "Where is Mochou? Mochou is west of Shicheng. The boat is beating two oars to urge Mochou to come. ."

"Xiangyang Music", Song Dynasty.

"Flying at Night" was written by Shen Youzhi in the fifth year of Yuan Hui's reign.

"Taokele", the Qiwu Emperor. Liang changed its name to "Shang Zuxing".

"Yang Ban", Qi Qu.

"Xiao Hu", the joy of throwing pots. When throwing the pot, the arrow enters the pot and bounces out as a Xiao pot.

"Chang Lin Huan" is suspected to be a song from the Song and Liang Dynasties.

"Three Continents", a merchant's ballad. The merchants were traveling among the three rivers in Baling, so they composed this song.

"Picking Mulberries" was made from "Sanzhou Song".

"Spring River Flowers on a Moonlit Night", "Yushu Backyard Flowers", "Tangtang", and other works by Chen Houzhu. Empress Chen's uncle Baochang composed a poem in harmony with the female bachelors in the palace. Taichang ordered He Xu to pick out some of her beautiful ladies and compose this piece of music.

"Dragon Boat" was written by Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty in Jiangdu Palace.

I don’t know who composed the remaining five songs.

During the Southern Dynasties, dances such as "You Wu", "White Band" and "Ba Yu" had different costumes. Before the Liang Dynasty, there were sixteen dancers each, but during the Liang Dynasty, there were eight dancers each. The kaiko wears a plain scarf and a scarlet hakama pleat. In the Tang Dynasty, four people were used, wearing green gauze clothes, skirts with large sleeves, painted in the shape of clouds and phoenixes, combed in black buns, decorated with gold and copper flowers, shaped like sparrow hairpins, and wearing brocade shoes. The dance looks leisurely and graceful, and the music has posture. From Zhou, Sui to Tang Dynasty, there were hundreds of orchestral music, most of which used Xiliang music, while drum music mostly used Qiuci music. Since these pieces of music were not used by the imperial temples, they are not recorded in the history books.

Xiliang Le was obtained by Pingju Canal in the later Wei Dynasty. There are bells and chimes among its musical instruments. It is probably because the people of Liangzhou absorbed the music used in the music and dance of the Central Plains and mixed it with the sounds of Qiang and Hu. In the Sui Dynasty of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Xiliang music was highly praised. Its players wear plain scarves and scarlet pleats. The dance is square dance with white dance. There is only one person dancing in vain, but the Tang Dynasty has already passed away. There are four square dancers, wearing false buns, jade hairpins, purple silk pleats, white hakama, colorful sleeves, and black leather boots.

For music, there are one bell, one chime, one zither, one zither, one horizontal flute, one vertical flute, one pipa, one five-string pipa, one sheng, one Xiao, one 筚篥, one small 筚篥, One flute, one transverse flute, one waist drum, one shoulder drum, one bronze drum, one shell shell.

As early as the Zhou Dynasty, the music of the four barbarians was valued by the Zhou family, and it was used in all sacrificial banquets. It was believed that "those who accept the music of the four barbarians have broad virtues." At that time, The music of Dongyi is called "Moli", the music of Nanman is called "Ren", the music of Xirong is called "Jin", and the music of Beidi is called "Mei". After the decline of the Zhou Dynasty, these Siyi music and dances were not preserved. During the Wei Dynasty, a man named Cao Brahmin learned Qiuci pipa from a businessman, and passed down his knowledge to his grandson Miaoda. He was highly regarded by Gaoyang in the Northern Qi Dynasty, and he often played Hu drums to harmonize with him. Emperor Wu of the Zhou Dynasty hired Hu Nu as his queen. Various countries paid tribute to the maids, so the music of Qiuci, Shule, Anguo and Kang was greatly improved. Later, the state of Tianzhu also paid tribute to the music of the Qi Dynasty. , and obtained its music. Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen and obtained "Qingyue" and "Wenkang Libiqu", which were listed as Jiubi Yue. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty Pinglin Yiguo obtained Funan's music and music. The Qin mixes Tianzhu music with it. So far, there are nine types of music in the Sui Dynasty, namely "Yue", "Xiliang Music", "Qiuci Music", "Tianzhu Music", "Kangguo Music" and "Shule". "Yue", "An Guo Yue", "Gaoli Yue", "Li Bi Yue". "Music", then go to "Li Bi". During the reign of Emperor Dezong, there were envoys from Piao State to perform music.

"Korea Music", the musicians wore purple hats, decorated with bird feathers, and yellow robes. There are four dancers with big sleeves, purple belts, red leather boots, and five-color ribbons. Their hair is tied up in buns on the back of their heads, and their foreheads are smeared with crimson, and two of them wear yellow skirts. , red and yellow hakama, very long sleeves, black leather boots, both dancing side by side. Musical instruments include one playing the zither, one sweeping the zither, one lying on the harp, one on the upright harp, one on the pipa, one on the flute, and one on the sheng. There is one small bamboo basket, one big bamboo basket, one waist drum, one drum drum, and one shell. Empress Wu has twenty-five pieces of music, and Hou Lu has one piece, and the clothes have also lost their original style.

"Baekje Music", two people dancing, wearing purple sleeves, Zhang Fu crown, and leather shoes. The music uses zither, flute, peach skin 筚篥, harp and song.

The music of the above two countries is the music of Dongyi.

In "Zhinan Music", two people are dancing, wearing Xia clothes, wearing leg wraps, and wearing red leather boots. Mao members play drums, flutes, flutes, and copper shells.

In "Tianzhu Music", the musicians wear black silk turbans, white silk jackets, and scarfs. People wear braided hair, a morning glow cassock, leggings, and jade linen shoes. They play with bronze drums, Jie drums, Mao Yuan drums, Dutan drums, horizontal flutes, phoenix-headed harps, pipas, copper drums, and shells. Yuangu and Dutangu were later lost.

"Piao Guo Yue", in Zhenyuan Dynasty, the king of Piao State presented his country's music to the Tang Dynasty.

There are twelve pieces of it. Music is the music of the Southern Barbarians.

"Gaochang Music", two dancers, wearing brocade-sleeved white coats, red leather boots, and red foreheads. The music uses one tara drum, one waist drum, and one loud drum. , one drum, two flutes, two flutes, two 筚篥, two pipa, two five-piece pipa, one copper horn, one harp.

In "Qiuci Music", the musicians wear black silk turbans. Wearing a scarlet silk robe, brocade sleeves, and scarlet cloth hakama. There are four dancers, with red foreheads, scarlet coats, white hakama and black leather boots. The music is played with one firm harp, one pipa, one sheng, one harp chestnut, one flute, one transverse flute, one Mao Yuan drum, one Dutan drum, one Tara drum, one waist drum, one Jie drum, one potato chicken drum, and copper Pull out one, shell out one.

In "Shule Music", the musicians wear black silk cloth turbans, white silk cloth hakama, and brocade-breasted jackets. The two dancers wear white coats, brocade sleeves, red leather boots, and red leather belts. The music is performed with a solid konghou, pipa, five-stringed pipa, transverse flute, Xiao, 筚篌, tara drum, waist drum, Jie drum, and chicken drum.

In "Kang Guo Yue", the musicians wear black silk cloth turbans, silk cloth robes and brocade collars. The two dancers are wearing scarlet coats, brocade leader, green silk crotch hakama, red leather boots and white hakama. The dance turns sharply like the wind, which is commonly known as "Hu Xuan". For music, there are two flutes, one main drum, one harmonious drum, and one bronze drum.

In "Anguo Music", the musicians wear black silk cloth turbans, brocade jacket collars, and purple sleeves. The two dancers wear purple coats, white hakama, and red leather boots. Music uses pipa, five-stringed pipa, solid harp, xiao, horizontal flute, harp, drum, harmonious drum, bronze harp, and harp.

The joy of the above five countries is the joy of Xirong.

In the Tang Dynasty, it was a custom in the Southern Barbarians and Beidi countries that the hair was cut from the bottom of the neck, and dancers tied a rope around their heads and tied their hair behind their heads. At that time, some new music came from the Hexi Corridor, which was loved by people along with "Qiuci Music" and "San Music". Music from other countries often suffered from indifference because of it.

In "Beidi Music", what can be clearly verified is that the music of Xianbei, Tuyuhun and Tribe Jixi was all played on horseback. Because military music was played on horses, it was called drumming. Therefore, from the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, Beidi Music was classified as drumming and drumming, and was not included in the music enjoyed by Yan.

"Sanyue" has existed in all dynasties. It is not the sound of the army, but a medley of actors, singers and dancers. The requirements are very loose, and it is often mixed with acrobatic movements, so it is called Baixi. In the Tang Dynasty, there were hundreds of Sanle operas, no less than hundreds of them. They were not court music, so they are not listed here.