Located in: Honghe County, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province
Honghe County is located in the south of Yunnan Province, on the south bank of the upper reaches of the Red River, with east longitude 101°49'-102°37' and north latitude 23°05'- Between 23°27', the maximum distance from east to west is 81 kilometers, the widest point from north to south is 40 kilometers, and the land area is 2057 square kilometers. The county borders Yuanyang County and Luchun County to the east and south respectively, faces Shiping County across the Red River to the north, Mojiang County of Simao City to the west, and Yuanjiang County of Yuxi City to the northwest. There are 270,000 people of various ethnic groups living in the territory, including Hani, Yi, Han, and Yao. The minority population accounts for 94% of the county's total population, of which the Hani account for 75% and 15.5% of the national Hani population.
The county has undulating peaks and ravines, and the Red River flows around the northern edge of the county. The terrain within the territory is generally high in the middle and low in the north and south. 96% of the area is mountainous, with an altitude generally between 1000 and 2000 meters. The highest mountain is the Mosoluma Mountain in the southeast, with the main peak at an altitude of 2745.8 meters. The lowest point is at the northeastern edge. Manche Ferry, 259 meters above sea level. The annual average temperature is 11.2-23.4°C, and the three-dimensional climate is obvious. There is a saying that "one mountain has four seasons, and ten miles have different weather". There is a large difference in precipitation, ranging from 700 to 900 mm in the low mountain and valley areas in the north and 1,500 to 2,000 mm in the mountainous areas in the south. The average annual precipitation in the county is 1,340 mm. It often happens that there is less rain in winter and spring and is prone to drought, while it is rainy in summer and autumn, and flash floods occur from time to time.
Honghe County is located in the southwest of the Red River in Yunnan Province, on the south bank of the middle reaches of the Red River. It borders Yuanyang County to the east, Luchun County to the south, Yuanjiang County and Mojiang County to the west, and Shiping County across the Red River to the north. It is located at the junction of six counties in three prefectures. The county has a land area of ??2,019 square kilometers. The county government is located in Yisa Town, 146 kilometers away from the state capital Mengzi and 318 kilometers away from Kunming.
Honghe County belonged to Shengxiu County of Yizhou County in the Han Dynasty, and in the Ming Dynasty it belonged to Situodian, Zuonengzhai, Luoqidian, Xichudian and Quirongdian Tusi Districts of Lin'an Prefecture. During the Republic of China, the district and township system was promoted and the Sixth District of Shiping County was established. The district and township system and the chieftain system coexisted for a long time. Honghe County was established in 1950 and became part of Honghe Prefecture in 1957.
Geographical Characteristics
Honghe County is located at the southern edge of the longitudinal valley area of ??the Hengduan Mountains and the remnants of the Ailao Mountains. The territory has undulating mountains and narrow valleys. The terrain is high in the middle and low in the north and south. . Except for several small alluvial basins in the Red River Valley in the north, more than 96% of the entire area is mountainous. The general altitude is between 1000-2000 meters, with the highest altitude of 2745.8 meters and the lowest altitude of 259 meters. Honghe County has a subtropical monsoon climate type. Due to the undulating mountains and complex terrain, the three-dimensional climate is very obvious. The annual average temperature is 20.9°C, the annual rainfall is 945.3 mm, and the forest coverage rate is 14.2%. Forests are mainly distributed in the southern and southwest mountainous areas. Among them, Amu Mountain has a forest area of ??412,700 acres and has been approved by the provincial government as a nature reserve. The main animals in the county include pythons, slow lorises, black-crested gibbons, sun bears, leopards, etc.
The county has undulating peaks and ravines, and the Red River flows around the northern edge of the county. The terrain within the territory is generally high in the middle and low in the north and south. 96% of the area is mountainous, with an altitude generally between 1000 and 2000 meters. The highest mountain is the Mosoluma Mountain in the southeast, with the main peak at an altitude of 2745.8 meters. The lowest point is at the northeastern edge. Manche Ferry, 259 meters above sea level. The annual average temperature is 11.2-23.4°C, and the three-dimensional climate is obvious. There is a saying that "one mountain has four seasons, and ten miles have different weather". There is a large difference in precipitation, ranging from 700 to 900 mm in the low mountain and valley areas in the north and 1,500 to 2,000 mm in the mountainous areas in the south. The average annual precipitation in the county is 1,340 mm. It often happens that there is less rain in winter and spring and is prone to drought, while it is rainy in summer and autumn, and flash floods occur from time to time.
Plants produced
The county has a land area of ??3.085 million acres, which is an important material condition for the development of mountainous economy. Historically, the territory was rich in forest resources, with a wide variety of forest trees, most of which were broad-leaved forests. Among them, more than ten species including wild tea trees and large rhododendrons were listed as key national protections. The Honghe Big Wing Orange is evergreen all year round and its fruit is like a ball. This is ironclad evidence that the center of citrus origin is in China. However, in recent decades, due to population growth and frequent production and living activities, the forest area has decreased. There are more than 20 large and small rivers in the county, forming two water networks in the north and south. The water resources are considerable: the groundwater output is about 400 million cubic meters. The per capita water volume in the county is twice the national average, but the development and utilization rate is still quite low. The mineral deposits within the territory include copper, iron, lead, asbestos, gypsum, marble, etc. The majority are non-metallic minerals, especially gypsum. There are many types of wild animals, many of which are listed as nationally protected animals. There are many wild medicinal plants, including Bayberry bark, Citrus aurantium, Polygonum multiflorum and so on. The main plants include Yunnan pine, Simao pine, Chinese fir tree, mast wood, birch, etc. Metal mineral deposits include copper, lead, zinc, iron, molybdenum, and alluvial gold. Non-metallic mineral deposits include gypsum, asbestos, marble, granite, crystal stone, and silica. There are more than 20 large and small rivers in the county, 8 major rivers, belonging to the Red River system, the Lixian River system and the Tengtiao River system. The annual surface water runoff is 1.266 billion cubic meters, the groundwater runoff is 403 million cubic meters, and the water energy resource reserves 197,800 kilowatts, with a developable capacity of 82,000 kilowatts.
History
Honghe County has a long history. More than 2,000 years ago, the ancestors of ethnic minorities lived on the land within the territory.
During the Tang Dynasty (Nanzhao), there were tribes such as the Guisituo tribe and the Tierong tribe, which were subordinate to the Nanzhao Tonghai Dudu Mansion. During the Song Dynasty (Dali), it was included in the "Thirty-Seven Barbarians" and belonged to Xiushan County. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was affiliated to Heni Road and Yuanjiang Road successively. During this period, Jie Wanhu and Xi Chufu Wanhu were set up. It belonged to the General Administration Office of South Road and implemented the policy of restraint. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, the hereditary chieftain system was formally established in the territory, and six long official divisions, Quirongdian, Situodian, Luokingdian, Xichudian, Wajadian and Zuonengdian were sealed respectively, all belonging to Lin'an Prefecture. One of the areas with more chieftains in the border counties of Yunnan. From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, except for Yisa and Langdi, which were under the jurisdiction of Yuanjiang Prefecture (state and county), the rest were Tusi areas, which were successively under the jurisdiction of Lin'an Prefecture and Jianshui and Shiping prefectures (counties). After the founding of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the county people's power was established in May 1951. Since then, people of all ethnic groups have ended their history of slavery and gradually embarked on the road of socialism. Before 1957, it belonged to Mengzi Prefecture and Honghe Hani Autonomous Region; after 1957, it belonged to Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture. In 2000, the county had 13 townships, 1 town, 91 village committees, and 826 natural villages. Yisa Town, the county seat, gradually formed a market town after the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty. It is a distribution center for materials inside and outside the Yangtze River, and is also a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in southern Yunnan. After the establishment of the County People's Government, the county seat has been located here.
Summary
Honghe County is known as the "Hometown of Overseas Chinese", and overseas Chinese, returned overseas Chinese and their family members are mostly concentrated in Yisa Town, the county seat, which has a certain influence at home and abroad. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, some people in the territory began to do business in Laizhou, Vietnam and the Luang Prabang mountainous area in Laos. At the end of the Xuantong period of the Qing Dynasty (1911), Ran Shikong (Xuesi), a member of the Yisa Judiciary, took the lead in opening the trade route through Sichuan Khouang in Laos. Later, Shao Hengtai from Anbang Village was the first to live in Laos. During the Republic of China, there was an upsurge of "Xia Bazi" and "Smoke Traveling Gangs". The Han Chinese organized caravans to travel to foreign countries to do business. Many of them lived abroad in Laos, Vietnam, and Thailand, becoming the first generation of overseas Chinese. In the late 1970s, the anti-China and anti-Chinese authorities in Vietnam and Laos turned many overseas Chinese into refugees. They were forced to make a living and migrated to Europe, the United States, and Japan one after another. Overseas Chinese in Honghe County are now distributed in Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, Singapore, Philippines, Japan, the United States and Canada in America, the United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, and the Federal Republic of Germany in Europe, Australia and New Zealand in Oceania, and Togo in Africa. There are 16 countries in the five continents of the world or Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao and other regions that have moved to the motherland. So far, there are 872 households with 3,557 people living in various countries in the county, and 808 households with 3,405 people who have returned from the country. The vast number of overseas Chinese in their countries of residence are descendants of Yan and Huang. They insist on justice, love their country and hometown, treat the local people with sincerity, live in friendship, and work together to build their homeland. In order to promote material and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, they develop a patriotic united front. made a contribution.
During the Qing Dynasty, there were several free schools, academies and private schools in a few villages such as Yisa, Langdi and Dayangjie where the Han people lived together. After the Republic of China, a number of private schools were established and trained some talents. However, due to the limited number of schools, the people's living difficulties, and the constraints of secular concepts, very few children of ethnic minorities are enrolled in schools, and rural areas are full of illiterates. After the establishment of the county, it attached great importance to education and adopted various forms of running schools. The number of schools gradually increased and the education industry flourished. By 2000, there were 177 primary schools in the county, with more than 30,000 students in school, of which ethnic minority students accounted for more than 90%, and the enrollment rate of school-age children reached 98%; 14 middle schools, with 5,300 students in school; all levels There are 1,982 teaching staff of various types; the illiteracy rate among young adults has dropped to 15.4%, and six-year compulsory education has been basically universalized.
Folk Literature
The territory is rich in ethnic folk literature, and the ethnic songs and dances are quite distinctive. The Hani dances "Loach Catching" and "Brown Fan Dance" have appeared on the artistic stage in Beijing, the capital, and have been highly praised. There have been some achievements in the collection and compilation of ethnic folk literature. Hani and Yi folk stories and custom poems such as "Aza", "Wedding Song", "Fox and His Friends" have won provincial awards. Mass cultural and entertainment activities are becoming increasingly active. The music and dance of the Yi people in Gaoshi and Luomeng, known as the "hometown of song and dance", have been praised by audiences inside and outside the province.
Overview
Honghe County is located in the south of Yunnan Province, on the south bank of the Red River. The total area is 2034 square kilometers. The total population is 280,000 (2004).
The County People's Government is located in Yisa Town. Postal code: 654400. Code: 532529. Area code: 0873. Pinyin: Honghe xian.
Administrative divisions
Honghe County governs 1 town and 12 townships: Yisa Town, Jiayin Township, Baohua Township, Luoen Township, Shitouzhai Township, and Azahe Township, Leyu Township, Langdi Township, Dayangjie Township, Chegu Township, Jiache Township, Yuma Township, and Sancun Township.
Historical evolution
The administrative division network was established in Honghe County in 1951. The lower reaches of Yuanjiang River are the Red River, hence the name.
In 2000, Honghe County governed 1 town and 13 townships: Yisa Town, Menglong Dai Township, Jiayin Township, Shitouzhai Township, Azahe Township, Luoen Township, and Baohua Township. , Leyu Township, Langdi Township, Dayangjie Township, Chegu Township, Jiache Township, Yuma Township, and Sancun Township.
According to the fifth census data: the total population of the county is 267,627, including the population (persons) of each township: Weisa Town 15,953 Menglong Dai Township 13,674 Jiayin Township 23,239 Baohua Township 21,684 Luoen Township 22,006 Shitou Zhai Township 14,655 Aza He Township 34554 Leyu Township 21797 Langdi Township 25774 Dayangjie Township 18006 Chegu Township 10608 Jiache Township 17909 Yuma Township 13673 Sancun Township 14095
In 2001, the county governed 1 town and 12 Township, 1 ethnic township: Yisa Town, Jiayin Township, Baohua Township, Luoen Township, Shitouzhai Township, Azahe Township, Leyu Township, Langdi Township, Yangjie Township, Chegu Township, Jiache Township Township, Yuma Township, Sancun Township, Menglong Dai Township.
In 2005, Honghe County abolished Yisa Town and Menglong Dai Township and established a new Yisa Town.
In April 2021, Honghe County was selected into the second Top 100 Chinese Cultural Counties in 2021.
In January 2021, the 2020 Rural Revitalization Communication Influence Counties Ranking was released, and Honghe County ranked 416th.
In August 2019, the list of comprehensive demonstration counties for e-commerce in rural areas in 2019 was released, and Honghe County was included.
In March 2019, Honghe County was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education nationwide in 2018.
In March 2015, Honghe County won the honor of the third batch of advanced units in the national rule of law county and city creation activities.