Shanma duck is an excellent breed of small laying duck in mountainous areas of Fujian Province, and its central producing area is in Hubang Township, Longyan. Since the Ming Dynasty, this township has been one of the main production bases of duck seedlings in western Fujian. Egg duck breed. The head is of medium size, the neck is long, the chest is shallow, and the trunk is rectangular; The feathers on the upper part of the head and neck are malachite green, shiny and have a white collar. The chest feathers are reddish brown. Tail feathers and sexual feathers are black. There are three colors of female duck feathers: light hemp, brown hemp and miscellaneous hemp. Tibia, webbed orange, black claws. Adult weight of male duck 1.43 kg, and adult weight of female duck 1.55 kg. Slaughter determination: 72% in semi-clean room and 70.30% in full clean room. 100 days old, laying 243 eggs a year, with an egg weight of 54.5g and an egg shape index of 1.3. The mating ratio of male and female is 1: 25, and the fertilization rate of eggs is about 75%.

The central producing area of Shanma duck is located at the southern foot of Wuyi Mountain, with mild climate and abundant rainfall. The annual average temperature is 19.9℃, the frost period is 3-5 days, the annual rainfall is 1600 ~ 1800 mm, the mountains and streams are criss-crossed, terraced fields are everywhere, the water area for ducks to graze is quite wide, the aquatic animal and plant resources are rich, and agricultural and sideline products such as rice are abundant, which provides a rich material basis for mountain duck breeding. Through the natural selection of mountain ecological environment and long-term feeding by local people, Shanma duck gradually formed an egg duck variety with good running and strong foraging ability, which is suitable for grazing and feeding in terraced fields.

Shanma duck has the general characteristics of Ma duck. Drake has a blue-yellow beak, a black beak, a black iris, orange webbed feet and black claws. The feathers on the head and neck are malachite green, shiny and have white neck rings (some drakes don't); Feathers are grayish brown from front to back to waist. According to the statistics of 552 feathers, the coat color of the mother duck is light hemp, accounting for 64%; Brown hemp accounts for 22%; Hemp color accounts for 14%. Although there are many types of feather colors of female ducks, the colors of their beaks, beaks, feet, webbed feet and claws are all the same, just like those of male ducks.