First, the rhythm
There are usually two bases for dividing the reading rhythm of ancient poetry. Through syllables or meanings. In other words, the unit of pause in reading can be a relatively complete syllable or meaning. For example, the sentence "advise you to drink one more glass of wine" can be divided into "advise you to drink one more glass of wine" according to syllables; According to the meaning, it can be divided into "advise you to make more/a glass of wine".
Generally speaking, poetry is divided into more phonological rhythms and less ideographic rhythms. The four words are the rhythm of "February 22nd", such as "Jiaxu/Cang, Bailu/first frost". The five words have the rhythm of "221" and "212", such as "Desert/Lonely Smoke/Straight, Long River/Sunset/Round". "Morning Prosperity/Reason/Abandonment" (the third part of returning to the Garden) and "Xi Lu/Dyeing/My Clothes" (the same as above) are mainly because the middle word is a verb and forms a verb-object structure with the following words. The seven words have the rhythm of "223" and "221", such as "businesswoman/ignorance/national subjugation, crossing the river/Jude singing/backyard flower". In addition, there are "2212" rhythm and "43" style, such as "spring silkworm/death/silk/square exhaustion, wax torch/ashes/tears/beginning to dry" Such as "Shallow Grass/Talented Person/No Horseshoe" ("Qiantang Spring Tour") and "Several Places/Early Warbler/Fighting for Warm Trees" (ditto); "The water level/the foot of the cloud is low" (ditto) "The mountains are heavy and the water is heavy/there is no road to doubt, and the willow blossoms are bright and another village." (Visiting Shanxi Village), the difference between them lies in the coherence of meaning and the use of idioms. "The water is flat" is a subject-predicate structure.
At the same time, the rhyme should be read loudly and slightly longer to read the charm of poetry.
Words are mainly divided into meaning units. Such as Silence/Loneliness/West Building, Lonely Indus/Deep Courtyard/Lock Clear Autumn. (Hui Huan), this is divided according to the relationship between verb and object. More attention should be paid to the "one-word collar" sentence in the word, such as Liu Yong's "Klang Ganzhou": "Sprinkle rainy days on the river and wash the autumn clean. The frost wind is getting tighter and tighter, the river is cold, and the afterglow is gradually building. " The words "right" and "gradual" must be paused and reread.
Second, the speed of speech.
The speed of reading aloud is determined according to the specific content of the expressed work, and it should be coordinated with meaning and emotion. Content determines speed. Generally speaking, poetry, especially classical poetry, should be read slowly, giving people room for appreciation, and scenery descriptions should also be read slowly, giving people a clear impression. On the contrary, fast movements, tense scenes and fascinating plots should all be read faster. He speaks quickly when expressing joy, excitement, fear and excitement, but slowly when expressing melancholy, sadness, pain, disappointment, hesitation or sadness and recalling the past. The speed of speech can be handled flexibly according to the expression of the author's feelings or the development of the plot in the poem. Generally, the mood is cheerful, the plot is tense, the mood is sad and the plot is slow. For example, Du Mu's "Jiangnan Spring" and Zhu's "Spring Day" are full of poets' love for the beautiful scenery of spring, and their joy is beyond words, so they can speak a little faster; Lu You's Xiuzi expresses the poet's strong patriotic enthusiasm and sadness for recovering lost territory and reunifying the motherland, while Wang Wei's Two Ambassadors Anxi expresses the poet's farewell to his friends, so the reading speed can be slightly slower.
Third, intonation.
Intonation can produce various feelings and effects. According to the different emotional content, the four tunes of rising tone and falling tone can form the sound change in reading and express various emotional attitudes. Generally speaking, sentences that express high emotions, excitement or questions and commands are raised; Express deep and gentle feelings or sigh and pray, with a falling tone; Express a heavy sentence in a flat tone or just describe and explain; Express complex feelings or obscure feelings, etc. , with music.
Intonation is closely related to speech speed, and intonation is often linked to speech speed: speech speed is slow, and intonation tends to decline and stabilize; When the speed of speech is urgent, the intonation tends to rise and fall. On the contrary, if the tone is low and steady, the speech speed will be slower; If the intonation is high, the speech speed will be faster.
Fourth, pressure.
Stress in a word or sentence is called stress. Stress can be divided into grammatical stress and logical stress. Grammatical stress is the main verb in a sentence and an adverbial indicating the nature and degree. Logical stress is a word that readers emphasize with emotional needs. Poetry reading should handle these two pressures well.
For example:
Visiting ancient Vietnam and China.
Lipper
Gou Jian, the king of Yue, broke Wu Gui, and the soldiers went home.
Maid-in-waiting is like a flower in Man Chun Hall, but only partridges are flying today.
When reading aloud, we should deal with the following stresses: "Breaking Wu Gui", "Exquisite clothes", "Man Chun Hall" and "Only today". The handling of accents such as "Breaking the Validity of Arms", "Luxury and Food" and "Man Chun Hall" fully shows Gou Jian's complacency, arrogance and debauchery. Only now, can he reread the pause, and then slowly sing "Partridge Flying", the poet's sigh of vicissitudes of life and thinking about personnel changes can be gradually amplified in reading.
To deal with the stress of ancient poetry, we should find out the rules in combination with sentences in order to express our feelings better. It can be determined according to the key points to be expressed in the sentence, and it can also appear in the case of expressing a strong sense of rhythm and emotion, such as Wang Anshi's "Boating in Guazhou", in which "the spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan" depicts the vibrant scenery of Jiangnan in early spring with a word "green". Stress is used to highlight the word "green" when reading, so that the works read are rich in color, full of vitality and strong in appeal.
Because ancient poetry rhymes, syllables are even and sentences are cadenced, the most commonly used skills in reciting are stress, pause, intonation and rhythm. A word or phrase, even a syllable, that needs to be emphasized or highlighted when reading aloud is called stress. There are many ways to highlight stress, and stress and pounding are just one of them. Reading lightly, spitting lightly, procrastinating, showing slowness in fast, alternating high and low, changing between reality and reality, and pausing before and after are all ways to stress out. Discontinuity refers to the interruption and continuation of sound in reading stream, in which sound interruption is pause and sound continuation is connection. Intonation is determined by tone, which can be roughly divided into four categories: flat tone, rising tone, falling tone and tone. In oral expression, there are sound forms such as alternating fast and slow, cadence, priority, and virtual reality. And (removal) cycles are rhythms. Rhythm is not completely equal to speed, and speed is the main content of rhythm. There are many rhythms in reading aloud, mainly including the following: tension type-shortness of breath, tension, shortness of breath and shortness of voice; Lightweight-more liters and less inhibition, light and cheerful; High-pitched-the language trend is gradually advancing to the peak, high-pitched and bright; Deep type-the language is dull and heavy, and the voice is slow and deep; Majestic type-more suppression and less promotion, steady and solid voice; Soothing-the breath is long and steady, and the voice stretches freely. These techniques are often used in combination.
The prosodic musicality of poetry is first reflected in the obvious contrast in the density of intonation, the length of ending, the fluctuation of pitch and the strength of volume, and it should be changed when reciting.
Generally speaking, when the last word of each beat encounters a flat sound, it can be extended appropriately, and it should be paused when it encounters a squeak, so as to achieve the effect of cadence.