Original text of the work
Guan Ju
[Pre-Qin Dynasty] "The Book of Songs"
Guan Guan Ju Jiu, in the river continent.
A graceful lady, a gentleman is a good man.
Scattered waterlilies flow left and right.
A graceful lady, I long for her.
I can’t get what I want, so I sleep hard and think about it.
It’s leisurely, tossing and turning.
Pick the waterlilies from left to right.
A graceful lady plays the piano and plays the sesame as a friend.
There are different kinds of waterlilies, which are sprouted on the left and right sides.
A graceful lady, played with bells and drums.
Translation of the work
The chirping doves inhabit the small island in the river. A virtuous and beautiful woman is a good spouse for a gentleman.
Various water-lilies are picked on the left and right sides of the boat. A virtuous and beautiful woman, I want to pursue her day and night.
I pursue her but I can’t get her. I miss her day and night. The constant thoughts make it difficult to fall asleep.
Various water-lilies are picked on the left and right sides of the boat. A virtuous and beautiful woman, play the harp, drums and harp to get close to her.
Pick the uneven waterlilies on the left and right sides of the boat. A virtuous and beautiful woman beats the bells and drums to please her.
Notes on the work
Guan Guan: Onomatopoeia, the calls of male and female birds that echo each other.
Jū jiū: A kind of water bird, generally considered to be the osprey. Legend has it that the male and female are inseparable.
Continent: land in the water.
Yaoyou (yǎo tiǎo) lady: a virtuous and beautiful woman. Slim, with a beautiful figure. Yao, profound, refers to the beauty of a woman's soul; Yao, graceful, refers to the beauty of a woman's appearance. Shu, good, kind.
好馑 (hǎo qiú): a good spouse. Qiu, a borrowed word for "Qiu", matches.
Uneven: uneven length.
Xìng: an edible aquatic plant.
Flow left and right: sometimes to the left, sometimes to the right to select water plants. Here, struggling to get watercress is a metaphor for a "gentleman" striving to pursue a "lady". Flow, seek. Which: refers to watercress.
Wù mèi: waking up and sleeping. Refers to day and night. Oh, wake up. Sleep, fall asleep. Also, Ma Ruichen's "General Notes on Mao's Poems" says: "Being asleep is like sleeping in a dream." It can also be understood.
Sifu: missing. Accept, think. "Mao Zhuan": "To obey is to think about it."
Youzai (yōu zāi) Youzai: the feeling of longing is endless and the longing is deep. Yuu, looking worried. This sentence means that longing for you is endless. Yo, thoughts. See Guo Pu's annotation in Erya·Exegesis. Alas, modal particles. Carefree, leisurely, still saying "I miss you, I miss you".
Tossing and turning: unable to sleep. Rolling, ancient characters are displayed. Turn around, that is, turn to the opposite side. On the other side, it's still overturned.
Friends of the harp and harp: Play the harp, drums and harp to get close to her. Qin and harp are both stringed instruments. The zither has five or seven strings, and the harp has twenty-five or fifty strings. Friend: used as a verb, here it means closeness. This sentence says, use the harp and harp to get close to the "lady".
芼（mào）：Select.
Chimes and drums: Use bells and drums to make her happy. Le, use the method to make...happy.
Appreciation of the work
"Guan Ju" is a poem with a very simple meaning.
Perhaps its first good thing is music, as evidenced by Confucius's comments in "The Analects of Confucius Taibo": "At the beginning of the sincerity of the teacher, the chaos of "Guan Ju" was so overwhelming that it filled the ears." Chaos is the ensemble at the end of the music.
The second best thing is its meaning. "Guan Ju" is not a real writing, but a virtual one. Dai Jun'en said: "This poem only ends with 'A graceful lady, a gentleman is a good man', but he translated a section of the period before he got it, and wrote about the situation of grumbling and sorrow; he also translated the section of the period when he got it, and wrote about the scene of joy and excitement. It is nothing more than a sentence describing "a gentleman likes to be a man". If it is regarded as a reality, it is a dream in a dream. That’s all.” There are gains to be made.
When "Poems" describe the love between men and women, they mostly use virtuality, which is the so-called "state of thinking", such as "Han Guang", such as "Moonrise", such as "Zepei", etc., and "Guan Guan" "Ju" is the most tranquil and gentle, and has a beginning and an end, especially a perfect ending. As a music song, it is very suitable to be used as "chaos". However, whether as music or as a song, it is neither flat nor monotonous. He Yisun said: "'I can't get what I want, and I sleep long and hard thinking about it. It's leisurely, leisurely, tossing and turning.' These four lines are the waves in the poem. Without these four lines, not only would the whole poem be straight and straight, there would be no twists and turns, but the syllables would be short and tight. Why are the tunes played by all the orchestras? Suddenly, these four lines are inserted between the four stacks of "My Fair Lady", and the whole poem becomes interesting. , and the most eloquent one is the sentence "playing the piano and playing the piano together with friends". Zhu Xi said: "'Friend' means dearness." Fu Guangshen said: "Friend means dearness, which means "friendship" means brother, friend and brother." In this way, "Beifeng·Gufeng" " The description of "you are like a brother or a brother" is a ready-made annotation for the word "friend".
If you read "Zheng Feng·Nv Yue Cockcrow" and "Chen Feng·Dongmen Zhichi" together, you will know that "playing the piano and playing with each other" is not a general term. "Sound", knowing and knowing the interests, and even more intimate.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, songs and poems were used as rhetoric, and we only recognize the elegance of diplomacy at that time. "Guan Ju" describes the general appearance of a good marriage, but the real harmony and joyful business in daily emotional life are that The deepest roots of elegance. At that time, "Poetry" was not decoration, not embellishment, not just to repair the broken gaps in life, but truly "daily necessities of life" (Gu Jiegang said), "Guan Ju" seemed to be a declaration of the unity of life and art. , appeared vividly and elegantly at the dawn of literary history. Guan Ju is the opening chapter of the Book of Songs and has always been praised.
Why use Guan Ju as the title of this loving poem? When Confucius edited the Book of Songs, it was divided into three parts: Fengya Ode, among which Ya was divided into Daya and Xiaoya. Wind is a poem sung by the people. There are records of folk songs in "Mencius Meets King Hui of Liang".
Wind is roughly equivalent to today’s popular songs.
Ya, part of it comes from the folk, and part comes from the odes of the nobility.
Ode is a poem used by nobles as priests to praise God and their ancestors.
Therefore, most of the poems have no names, and when editing a book, a title must be added to each part to make it easier for people to check. Of course, Confucius was more modest and chose the words at the beginning of each line of the poem as the title of the poem. "Guan Ju" is taken from Guan Guan Ju Jiu. "Guan Guan" refers to the cry of Ju Jiu Dove, which is an onomatopoeia.
Later generations often used this naming method, such as "Untitled" by Li Shangyin of the Tang Dynasty. Because there were many poems, the naming method invented by Confucius was adopted, such as "Jinse" is taken from: Jinse Unexplained Fifty string.
Source of the work
The full name of "Guanju" is "Guofeng·Zhounan·Guanju". It is the first poem in the "Book of Songs", the first poetry collection in ancient China. , is usually considered to be a love song describing the love between a man and a woman. This poem cleverly uses the expression technique of "Xing" in art. In the first chapter, birds sing toward each other and they are in love, evoking the idea of ??a lady accompanying a gentleman. In the following chapters, the act of picking watermelon arouses the protagonist's crazy lovesickness and pursuit of women. The language of the whole poem is beautiful, and it is good at using double voices, overlapping rhymes and overlapping words, which enhances the beauty of the poem's phonology and the vividness of describing people and onomatopoeia.
The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in my country. It contains 305 poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. Originally called "Shi" or "Three Hundred Poems", it was first called "The Book of Songs" by Confucian scholars in the Han Dynasty. The existing "Book of Songs" was handed down by Mao Heng of the Han Dynasty, so it is also called "Mao Shi".
It is said that the poems in the Book of Songs were all sung poems at that time. The Book of Songs is divided into three parts: Feng, Ya, and Song in terms of content, and its expression techniques include Fu, Bi, and Xing. "Wind" refers to folk songs from various places, including 15 national styles such as Zhounan, Zhaonan, Bei, Yong, Wei, Wang, Zheng, Qi, Wei, Tang, Qin, Chen, Hui, Cao and Bin, most of which are from the Yellow River Basin. Folk songs, a small part of which are works processed by nobles, totaling 160 pieces. "Ya" includes Xiaoya and Daya, with 105 articles. "Ya" refers to the official voice of the imperial court, that is, the music and songs of the Gyeonggi area of ??the Zhou Dynasty, which are divided into Da Ya and Xiao Ya. Dayado is composed of songs for court banquets, and Little Yado is composed of the resentments of lower-level officials, including some folk songs. "Song" includes Zhou Song, Lu Song and Shang Song, with a total of 40 chapters. Songs are the lyrics used for sacrifices in the palace. Generally speaking, the ballads from the folk are lively and lively, while the poems written by the court nobles pale in comparison and have little poetic flavor. "Fu" means statement and narration. "Bi" is a metaphor for describing people or things. "Xing" means to use other things as the starting point of poetry to evoke the content to be sung.
The Book of Songs is the source of Chinese verse and the glorious starting point of the history of Chinese poetry. It has various forms: epic poems, satirical poems, narrative poems, love songs, war songs, carols, seasonal songs and labor songs. It is rich in content and reflects all aspects of social life in the Zhou Dynasty, such as labor and love, war and corvee, oppression and resistance, customs and marriage, ancestor worship and banquets, and even celestial phenomena, landforms, animals, plants, etc. . It can be said that "The Book of Songs" is a mirror of the society of the Zhou Dynasty. The language of the Book of Songs is the most important material for studying the general situation of the Chinese language from the 11th century BC to the 6th century BC.