② Crash when starting the computer operating system: the screen shows that the computer passed the self-test, but the computer crashed when loading the operating system;
(3) Some applications crash during use: the computer has been running well, and only crashes when executing some applications;
④ Crash when exiting the operating system: that is, crash when exiting Win98 and other systems or returning to DOS status.
Because the system can't be diagnosed by software or tools in the "dead" state, it increases the difficulty of troubleshooting. The general manifestations of the crash are: the system can't start, a black screen is displayed, "Solidification" is displayed, the keyboard can't be input, and the software operation is abnormally interrupted. There are probably thousands of reasons for Qian Qian's crash, but there are only two aspects: one is the computer hardware, and the other is the imperfect software design or conflict with the system and other running programs of the system. In terms of hardware, the culprit is the "overclocking" that is popular in the field of computer DIY recently-the CPU works at a clock frequency outside the rated working frequency, so it is not surprising that the CPU is overloaded. The second reason is that some hardware is overheated or hardware resources conflict. Of course, there are other hardware reasons. In terms of software, software-induced crashes account for almost the vast majority of computers (except overclocked computers). Windows9x series adopts 16-bit and 32-bit mixed kernel mode, which has low security and often crashes due to program memory conflicts. The following introduces the general inspection and handling methods after encountering the crash fault.
First, eliminate the phenomenon of "false" system crashes.
1. First, eliminate the "false" collapse caused by power problems. Check whether the computer power supply is plugged in, whether the power socket is in good contact, whether the power plugs of the main external power supply equipment such as the host, monitor, printer, scanner, external modem and speaker are reliably plugged into the power socket, and whether the power switches of the above components are in the ON state.
2. Check the data between different parts of the computer, and check whether the control wiring is connected correctly and reliably, and whether there is looseness between plugs. In particular, the poor connection of the data line between the host and the monitor often leads to the false crash phenomenon of "black screen".
Second, eliminate the crash caused by virus infection.
Boot the system with a non-toxic and clean system disk, and then run the latest versions of anti-virus software such as KILL, AV95 and SCAN to check the hard disk, so as to ensure the safety of the computer and eliminate the crash caused by the virus.
In addition, if the virus crashes after anti-virus, it is mostly because the virus destroys system files, application programs and key data files, or the anti-virus software misoperates normal files while removing the virus, destroying the structure of normal files. If this problem occurs, you can only reinstall the damaged system or software.
Three, eliminate the software installation and configuration problems caused by the crash.
1. If it crashes during software installation, it may be that some configuration of the system conflicts with the installed software. These configurations include system BIOS settings and configuration. SYS and AUTOEXEC. Bat set, win. INI and system. INI settings, as well as some hardware drivers and memory resident program settings.
You can try to modify the above settings. You can take the default settings of BIOS, such as "Load Settings Default" and "Load BIOS Default"; Used for configuration. SYS and AUTOEXEC. BAT, you can press F5 to skip the system CONFIGuration file at startup, or press F8 to select and execute step by step, and modify the configuration in config. SYS and AUTOEXEC. BAT one by one (especially the configuration of EMS and XMS in EMM386) to judge where the hardware and installation program conflict. Some hardware drivers and memory resident programs can avoid conflicts by not loading them.
2. If the software crashes after installation, the installed program conflicts with the system. The general practice is to restore the configuration before the system installation, and then analyze the resources used by some newly installed installers and possible conflicts, and gradually eliminate the causes of the failure. Deleting the new installer is also one of the ways to solve the conflict.
Fourth, according to the crash phenomenon in the system startup process.
The crash phenomenon at system startup includes two situations:
1. Fatal crash, that is, the system self-check process fails to complete the crash, and the general system does not give a prompt. According to the situation of fatal error list during power-on self-test, other methods can be combined to further analyze the cause of the fault.
2. Non-fatal crash, during or after self-inspection, but the system gives prompt information such as voice and text. It can be checked according to the non-fatal error code table during self-inspection and the error code table corresponding to the horn sound during self-inspection; The situation listed in the error code table corresponding to the horn sound during self-inspection is to focus on the parts that may fail, but we can't ignore the inspection of related parts, because quite a few failures are not directly caused by the parts indicated by the prompt information, but often caused by the failures of related parts.
Five, eliminate the crash caused by improper use and maintenance.
After a period of use, the computer may also crash due to improper use and maintenance, especially after not using the computer for a long time. The reason for this is the following：
1. Dust causes system crash: Dust is the enemy of computer. Too much dust attached to the surface of CPU, chip and fan will lead to poor heat dissipation of these components, and dust on printed circuit board will often lead to short circuit in humid environment. Both of the above situations will lead to collapse.
The specific treatment method can be to sweep away the dust with a brush, or to clean the dust collecting element with a cotton swab dipped in absolute alcohol. Be careful not to leave the hair and cotton of brushes and cotton swabs on circuit boards and components, which will become a new source of failure.
2. Parts get wet: If you don't use the computer for a long time, some parts will get wet and can't be used normally. Wet ingredients can be evenly "dried" by the low heat block of the hair dryer. Be careful not to heat a part of the part for too long, otherwise the temperature will be too high to avoid baking the part.
3. The pins of the board and chip are oxidized, resulting in poor contact: Pull out the board and chip, gently wipe the surface of the pins with an eraser, remove the oxide, and then plug them into the socket again.
4. The board card and peripheral interface are loose, resulting in a crash: carefully check whether the I/O slot is plugged in, whether the peripheral interface is in good contact, and whether the cable connection is normal.
Six, eliminate the crash caused by improper system configuration.
System configuration is closely related to computer hardware equipment, system BIOS and jumper switch settings on the motherboard. Common causes of crash failures are:
1. Improper setting of main frequency: This kind of fault mainly includes the wrong setting of jumper switch of CPU main frequency, the BIOS setting of Remark's CPU is inconsistent with the actual situation, the CPU is overclocked, or the CPU performance is not good and crashes.
2. Improper parameter setting of the memory stick: This kind of fault mainly includes BIOS setting caused by incorrect setting of the memory stick and remarks that the memory stick does not conform to the actual situation.
3. Improper setting of cache parameters: This kind of failure mainly includes the wrong setting of CHCHE, and the BIOS setting caused by RemarkCACHE is not in line with the actual situation.
4.CMOS parameters are destroyed: viruses frequently modify or destroy CMOS parameters, which often leads to confusion of CMOS parameters and is difficult to recover. You can use the method of CMOS discharge and reset the CMOS parameters with the default settings of the system BIOS. For the discharge method of CMOS, please refer to the motherboard manual. If it is caused by virus infection, the hard disk must be disinfected after resetting CMOS parameters.
Seven, eliminate the crash caused by improper hardware installation.
The negligence in the installation of hardware peripherals often leads to inexplicable crashes, and this phenomenon is often gradually revealed after the computer has been used for a period of time, so it is confusing to some extent.
1. Crash caused by improper installation of components, loose plug-ins and incorrect connection, poor contact between graphics card and I/O slot often leads to monitor crash, such as "black screen", loose plug-ins between memory card and cache and slot often leads to program crash, or even the system can't start, and contact problems between other boards and slots (sockets) often lead to various crashes. To eliminate these faults, just press the corresponding board and chip tightly by hand, or pull it out of the slot (socket) and reinstall it. If there is a spare slot (socket), the component can also be installed in another slot (socket) to solve the contact problem. Incorrect cable connections sometimes lead to crashes.
2. Improper installation will lead to deformation and damage of components, which will lead to a crash. Screws with incorrect caliber and inappropriate length often lead to the damage of component installation holes, and the screws touch the internal circuits of components, resulting in short circuit and crash. Non-standard motherboards, components or non-standard installation steps will often cause the appearance variation of the chassis, motherboards and boards, thus squeezing the inside of the components, causing local short circuit and internal components damage, leading to inexplicable crashes. If it is only the appearance deformation of computer parts, it can be solved by replacing the parts that meet the specifications through the correct installation method; If the internal parts have been damaged, only new parts can be replaced.
Eight, eliminate the crash caused by poor hardware quality.
Generally speaking, computer products are produced by international manufacturers according to international standards, and the defective rate of parts is very low. However, the temptation of high profits has led many unscrupulous manufacturers to make a makeover of computer standard parts, change the frequency, re-label them, sell them as inferior products or even pretend to be genuine products, resulting in unstable performance of these "super-level" products and frequent failures when they are used for a long time. Especially the poor quality of CPU, memory stick, motherboard and other core components and related products is the main fault source leading to unexplained crashes. The following components should be mainly inspected:
1.CPU CPU is the most easily counterfeited component, and it is also very easy to crash. Remark's CPU can be used for a short time at low temperature, but as long as it is used in a continuous high temperature environment for a long time, its crash disadvantages are easily exposed. Using Windows, 3DS and other software with high requirements for CPU characteristics can find CPU problems better than simple software such as DOS. If you need to confirm whether this is the reason, you can refer to the manual to lower the CPU main frequency 1 by two grades, such as lowering 166 to 150, 133 or 120. If the crash phenomenon is greatly reduced or disappeared, it can be judged that there is something wrong with the CPU. You can also replace the normal CPU of the same model by exchange. If it stops crashing, it can generally be concluded that it is a CPU problem. Some users like overclocking CPU to get high-speed performance, which is also the reason that often leads to computer crash. Generally, jumping the CPU back to its original frequency can solve the crash problem.
2. Memory sticks Memory sticks are often made by changing the speed label. For example, 70ns is 60ns through remarks, non-parity passes for parity memory, non-Edo memory passes for Edo memory, and inferior memory sticks pass for good memory sticks. Appropriately increase the reading and writing time of memory chips in BIOS (for example, from 60ns to 70ns). If the crash disappears, it can be concluded that it is the speed of the memory chip. If it is the quality problem of the memory itself, it can only be solved by replacing a new memory stick.
3. Motherboard The failure of the general motherboard is often the first consideration, but it can't be determined until the end. In addition to the obvious phenomena such as broken flying wire on the printed board, burnt components on the motherboard, extrusion deformation of the motherboard, short circuit between the motherboard and the chassis, the failure of the motherboard itself can only be judged when all components on the motherboard are confirmed to be normal (your card, CPU, memory stick and other accessories are used normally on the good motherboard, and others can't work normally with normal cards and equipment plugged into your motherboard). If a good motherboard of the same model is replaced, the crash still exists. Either replace other compatible motherboards, or test each board and chip in turn by plug-in method to find out the incompatible parts and replace them.
4. Inferior power supply such as power supply, fan and chassis, power cord failure, loose power plug and unstable power supply voltage are the chief culprits leading to unexplained crashes. Abnormal rotation of CPU fan and power supply fan and insufficient fan power will cause poor heat dissipation of CPU and "big heat producer" parts in the chassis, which will lead to a crash.
Nine, the system black screen troubleshooting
System crashes are mostly manifested as black screen (that is, the monitor screen has no display), which is closely related to the monitor and graphics card. At the same time, the failure of the system motherboard, CPU, cache, memory stick, power supply and other components will also lead to black screen. The general inspection methods of system black screen crash fault are as follows:
1. Eliminate the "false" black screen: check whether the power plug of the monitor is plugged in, whether the power switch is turned on, whether the data connection between the monitor and the graphics card on the host computer is good, whether the connection is loose, and see if the black screen is caused by these factors. In addition, move the mouse or press the keyboard to see if the screen is back to normal. Because the black screen may also be a false crash caused by setting the energy-saving mode (which can be viewed and modified in the BIOS settings).
2. Whether other parts of the system work normally when the screen is blank, such as whether the self-check of the soft/hard disk drive passes when the computer is turned on, whether the keyboard keys react, etc. A good monitor can be connected to the host for testing by switching. If only the monitor is black and other parts are normal, then only the monitor has a problem or it is a fake crash.
3. A black screen appears during the system POST. Please refer to the fourth step.
4. A black screen appears when installing the display driver or setting the display mode. Obviously, the mode that the display system can't support has been selected, and a more basic display mode should be selected. For example, after setting the display mode under Windows, the screen will appear black or white, so you should run the SETUP.EXE program under Windows directory under DOS and choose the standard VGA display mode.
5. Check whether the contact between the graphics card and the I/O slot of the motherboard is normal and reliable. If necessary, try inserting the video card into another I/O slot.
6. Insert the same graphics card with good performance into the host and restart. If the phenomenon of black screen crash is eliminated, it is the problem of the graphics card.
7. Insert another graphics card with good performance into the host and restart. If the black screen crash is eliminated and the graphics card is not compatible with the host, you can consider replacing the graphics card or motherboard.
8. Check whether the core components of the system are set incorrectly, such as the frequency of CPU, the reading and writing time of memory chips, the refresh mode of cache, the bus speed of motherboard, etc. This may cause the black screen to crash.
9. Check whether the internal components of the host are connected correctly. Some special connection errors will cause the black screen to crash.
10. Please refer to the crash fault diagnosis methods listed in other mules in this article. The collapse caused by these failures is often accompanied by a black screen.
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