There are wind instruments
Including: Sheng, Lusheng, Dizi, Guanzi, Bawu, Suona, Dizi, Xun, Hulusi
Plucked instruments include: Qin, Ruan , guqin, guzheng, pipa, Liuqin, Qinqin, Wuxianqin, Yangqin
Bowing instruments include: Ai Jieke, dance, Erhu, Zhonghu, Gaohu, Sihu, Jinghu, Banhu, beating The three strings of the piano
Percussion includes: first bell, gong, chime, drum, gong, cymbal, wooden fish
There is no definition of the so-called folk music. Every instrument has its own unique History, Culture and BR />In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the sound of pipa from the Indian mainland passing through Kucha was not the first statement of folk music.
Guzheng Guzheng is an ancient folk musical instrument that was popular in the Warring States Period. The "Qin" local guzheng was called "Qinzhengdian" and "Qinzhengdian" since the Qin and Han Dynasties, and gradually spread from northwest China to all parts of the country. , and gradually formed the strong local characteristics of each genre. Zheng Zheng from Shandong, Shaanxi, Henan Zheng, Zheng Chaozhou Hakka Zheng, Zheng Zhejiang, Fujian Cheng, Inner Mongolia Zheng (i.e. Yatuoge), Korean Gajuqin (i.e. Yanbian Zheng) and the real sound genre known as Qinjiu. But there is no claim that guzheng is the leader of national music.
Guqin, also known as Qin, Yuqin and Lyre, is one of the oldest plucked instruments in China. Guqin was already popular in the Confucius period. The first folk music that is not defined as guqin is worthy of reputation. There is also one worthy of attention: the ancient guqin for the "six arts" (ritual, music, archery, imperial, calligraphy, number), Qin Jian (chess), painting First
Whether it is a traditional Chinese musical instrument, or a Western musical instrument - each musical instrument in between has its own unique beauty and unique charm. Each musical instrument has no perspective that can be compared to that of Xiao.
Qin Xiao is better
Panpipe (panpipe)
The flute is an open tubular wind instrument with grooves and indentations in the mouthpiece for direct blowing, Used to guide airflow sound. Pottery figurines appeared as early as the Han Dynasty. Xiao Xiaodian, Qin Xiao two kinds. Qin Xiao is slender and has eight finger holes. The mouthpiece is made of bamboo with a small hole. It's short and fat, has seven finger holes, and the mouthpiece has no knot, just a big hole. The flute has a fairly wide range and is usually in two tones: G and F. The sound of the flute is dark and gloomy.
Contains wind instruments. According to the Shang Dynasty 3000 years ago, Sheng was the prototype, and Oracle was the predecessor of Xiao Sheng in a word. The buckets and tubes made of ancient gourds (the kind of gourds) are also called Sheng Shen Miao. They are made of purple bamboo, hyacinth hyacinth, and bamboo neck base, so they are classified as eight-tone gourds in the taxonomy of ancient musical instruments. "The Book of Songs·Xiaoya·Lu Ming" has the sentences "Drumming with harps and blowing on sheng" and "Blowing on the sheng and drums".
The six treasures unearthed from Yuxian and Hubei tombs were made in the early Warring States period. They are the earliest known ones. They are composed of raw pipes, sheng pipes and reeds, with painted surfaces. By studying its shape, production and adjustment methods, it is the same as modern wonders, which shows that the craftsmanship related to 2400 years ago has reached a very high level of experience. Spring
The age range is Sheng number, there are 19 springs, 17 springs, 13 springs and so on. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xu Shen "Sheng 13 springs, like the body of a phoenix" "Erya Shiyue" Guo Pu notes: "The greater spring of 19, the smaller 13 reeds" "Song Shu Lechi", "19 Spring 13 Reed said:quot;The Tang Dynasty generation used wood to produce water buckets, which was undoubtedly a major reform, but the wooden buckets absorbed moisture and deformed, and the battle holes leaked, so they were replaced by copper buckets in modern times.
During the Sui, Tang, Ming and Qing dynasties, Duosheng had 17 springs, 14 springs, 13 springs and 10 springs. Beijing Zhihua Temple has preserved the production of 17 Chunsheng, 17 Sheng pipes, water buckets and trumpets. - 51 cm high, 8 cm high water bucket, 8.5 cm diameter. Zhihua Temple was built on credit by the eunuch Wang Zhengtong during the Ming Dynasty (1436-1449). The temple has always had some good music played by monks with music. The earliest existing music was recorded in the 30th year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1694). Copied by fifteen generations of monks. Due to the strict teaching of music from monks and the Shenghe playing method, it is credible that it was a form that actually existed among the people in the Ming Dynasty. Used by the Qing Dynasty Palace Museum, 17 Chunsheng Height 51.4 cm. The wooden barrel, another long mouthpiece, is painted with dragon and cloud patterns, and the raw tube is decorated with carved patterns.
Modern Sheng, bucket wheel for holding water. The water bucket and copper mouthpiece are welded together, one behind the other. The rectangular bell-shaped sound hole or area at the top of the sheng pipe is positioned below the open circular sound hole, which holds a lower phase angle. An angled redwood lumber or softwood cone is partially inlaid with reeds inserted into the water bucket. Reed copper ring, rectangular, with its roots connected to the reed plate, patinated with green (to apply the patina to the five-tone stone reed, reed bridge joints, and rust) and vermilion wax (weed of beeswax, rosin, cinnabar and silver cinnabar). (Also known as spring point, made of reed tip, adjustable pitch). The sheng tube is different according to the level and length of the articulation, and is fixed at the lower part with a waistband. The right click leaves a gap to accommodate the tone of the finger.
Sheng has been used in folk folk 13, 14, 15, 17 and other springs to this day, but these are all 17 Sheng tubes. Thirteen springs Sheng has not installed 4 reeds, said decorative pipe, 14 spring students, there are three uninstalled reeds.
Fourteen and seventeen reed sheng are the most popular, with a total length of 48-80 cm. Range: 13 spring A1-D3, 14 spring D1-E3, 17 reed treble sheng A1-D3, 17 spring alto sheng A-D2. Traditional harmonies are all four, five, and octaves. Performance techniques include smearing, portamento, pauses, tongue-twisting, tongue-talking, throat-rubbing sounds, etc. Traditional music "Peacock", "The End of the Flower", etc.
Suona double reed musical instrument gas alarm. Play is widespread in many countries in Asia and Africa to other parts of Europe and China. Suona Arabic " Transliteration (Zurna); surna ". When Jinyuan was introduced to China. The Ming Dynasty Wang Xueqi (Three Yuan Phase Diagram Society) load and quot; lock na, its system, such as speakers, seven holes, including copper pipes wood. Because I don't know what the generation is doing when it's fun to be in the army. Use this folk version more often. "Project Na, in addition to playing military music, is also an indispensable accompaniment for bureaucratic advocates, operas, dances, etc., and is the main instrument of the folk percussion band.
Suona is composed of mail, core, air plate, rod, copper bowl, etc. Rod (i.e. pipe) is primarily a cedar or redwood wood and is a solid tapered tube with a small top and a large bottom. Open 8 from the sound hole (after 7th 1). The core is a small brass rod mounted on one end to the suona, accompanied by a form of imported air disc. Some are decorated with a core of two hollow copper balls. The whistle (double reed) is the core that attracts the most and is inserted into the top of the reed, which is also very useful for straw yield. Launched a bowl of PA and beautified the low end of the suona brass rod.
Suona is widely popular among Chinese people. The names vary. Some are called large suona, suona, and small suona. Some are made of different suona rods, copper rods, and copper flutes. The tin is called suona, the tin flute is called pole suona; in addition pear, sea flute, guitar for children and other names. Tibetan, Miao, Mongolian, Korean and other ethnic groups all have their own shaped suona p>? The traditional suona arranges the sound hole pentatonic scale in order based on 7, and each interval is basically the same. Therefore, for MI, FA and SI, the interval of a minor second is slightly larger. It needs to rely on the player's breath control and the use of cross-fingering to adjust the pitch. 7 traditional items na flip tones, such as Wenzhou, Zhejiang, suona tunes [General Order], starting from the C sound, and the degree of relationship of the deployment for five consecutive years, through G, D, A. E, BB, and female are each adjusted, and the final return to C can also be adjusted. The suona volume is loud, high-pitched and bright; as played with a soft whistle, the tone is softer and increases by two octaves within the second time range. Since 1949, in the reform of suona players, there has been a plus key of chromatic suona, with three types of treble, alto, bass, etc., which has expanded the range. Easy to transpose. Suona is played with various techniques, such as portamento, tonguing, air arching sound, air top sound, whooshing, circular venting (long blowing continuously), etc. Folk artists also created imitations of 3-stringed tones (short and flexible pauses), flutes (soft Wu Mei pianissimo sounds), Wu Ming cock crows, vocal singing, and other special skills, so the suona has become a very powerful performance Solo instrument. Famous products na repertoire (Baixi Chaofong), (Wedding Song), (Xiaomen), (Large Synthetic Unit), etc.
Play a stringed instrument on the violin. Widely used in stringed instruments and Chinese national orchestral music. Erhu, Sihu, Jinghu, Banhu, Zhuihu, Huyuehu, Horse Bone, Erxian, etc. It can be called a violin.
The name of Huqin music appeared in history. There was a sergeant in the Song Dynasty, Shen Kuo Zai (Mengxi Bi Tan), who played a horsetail violin and a Chinese car, and complained about Shan Yu's voice. "Clearer of mind than song I've got ponytail on the violin. In Jinyuan, the violin has been used for sacrifices and wars (Inner Mongolia Accounting History Summary) said that when playing the Huhuer ceremony...when the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. " (Huhu'er Violin) (Marco Polo's agent) also mentions that in 1278 the Mongolian troops were waiting to be lined up for the team. The two immortal warriors sing and play the piano. Regarding the shape, load, and quotation of the Huqin (Yuan Shi Sacrificial Records); the fiery violin making did not even think about the roll neck, dragon head, and two strings. draw bow; string bow horsetail. "This violin is slightly different from the violin today. The spoon-shaped loudspeaker cannot be set as a string bow hairpin, and only plays strings. Most of the modern popular violins have cylindrical speakers. The next is a bowl-shaped or oval drum with a speaker sandwiched between it. Generally, the two immortals of Mawei Gong are caught in the middle. The violin was probably recorded in the Yuan Dynasty. Stringed instruments had already appeared in the Tang Dynasty because of the friction between the barrel and the bowl. The name is Xi Zhimu. Xi's wife's bow is not a horsetail bow, but a friction pronunciation of two bamboo chords. Its sounding principle is consistent with that of the modern stringed instrument Erhu. Xi's wife's so-called long-term piano playing skills have been greatly developed in the Song Dynasty, and it is reported that she made sketches and notes with QUOT (Meng Xi Bi Tan.); The skewer is filled with wine. Qin Yan is more difficult, ending with only one chord in her singing. "So, already quite superb playing skills. The popularity of piano playing in the Northern Song Dynasty ranged from the imperial palace to the long civil war. According to the record (Hutchison Capital Wins), the Sai Lewa Society.
Common Xiao, Guan, Zhenji Qin, Fang Sheng such as ensemble and Quot; (Mengxi Bi Tan) also records the emergence of protracted piano pop and violin ponytail, which indicates the existence of friction between the two stringed instruments. No more scoop-shaped speakers. Goodbye violin and piano's protracted bamboo wipe-outs, the two instruments absorb and blend into each other.
Ban Hu Ming, in the Qing Dynasty, with the rise of opera, folk music and folk gadgets, many variations of the violin also appeared. Western production of Shaanxi (Bang Zi Jing) in the mid-Ming Dynasty, with Banhu as the main means of accompaniment of the band. Banhu Mongolian speakers are not made of genuine leather, but are covered with thin wooden boards. Hence the name. The Banhu speaker is made of half a coconut shell, in the shape of a bowl, covered with paulownia wood boards, and has no sound window. The piano bar is better than the erhu rental. Early strings. The outboard generally has old strings and thick old strings. Generally thicker strings than long bows, bows hair resembles a hard, bright high note.
After the Qing Dynasty, the number of Erhuang tunes gradually increased. After arriving in Beijing, on the basis of the 4th Anhui troupe, the Skin Yellow tune opera appeared. Hu Qin became the musical accompaniment of the grand opera. So it was named Mirror Lake. Beijing and Shanghai speakers use bamboo, piano bars, and bamboo poles for lowering heads. Qintong is slender (about 5 centimeters in diameter), with a snakeskin front and no sound windows. The dial tone is bold and loud.
Pipa string instrument pizzicato. It is widely used as a plucked instrument in Chinese folk bands. With its long history, it has accumulated superb performance skills and rich repertoire, becoming both a solo performer and an important musical accompaniment and ensemble. In ancient China, the pipa characters were tactically imitated pinyin characters. Suddenly the right hand moves forward, saying: "Pipa", and playing backwards, saying: "PA", are the two basic techniques of playing time, both with the way the two instruments are played in his arms, both in In the early days, it was called Pipa.
Shape and Origin Speakers can be divided into two types, one is a round speaker, and the other is a semi-pear-shaped speaker.
The pipa with a round speaker, according to legend, was built during the construction of the Great Wall during the late Qin Dynasty (about 217 BC), which would be the fine drum (ie tambourine, gubolang) wrapped around it, and it became A stringed instrument, as it was later called. Subsequently, Chinese workers about 105 BC referred to the shape and structure of the piano, guzheng, architecture, harp and other means to create a new round of speakers, which had long handles, four strings on the shelf, and 12 columns (i.e. products ), a musical instrument played by a dedicated person, called Pipa. According to legend, a princess of Han Dynasty had a pipa which brought sorrow to the West, also known as the Chinese Pipa. Ruan Xianjin, this is the so-called good performance, and was later called Ruan Xianpipa, or simply Ruan. For example, Qinqin, Wuxianqin, Banjo and Shuangqing belong to the system. A semi-pear-shaped pipa speaker with a curved neck, the neck has four stages (columns) and four strings, which serve as plectrums. After coming to northern China from India about 350 years ago, it spread to the south 551 years ago. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, dance music became more widely popularized and became an important tool. Its head is bent backwards, distinguishing it from the round handle of the Chinese pipa at that time, so the song's neck pipa; because it is the successor to Qiuci, it is also called Qiuci Pipa. Others such as five-string pipa, six-string pipa, sudden thunder (two-string pipa), and fire are not considered to belong to this system. By the Song Dynasty, the curved-neck pipa had a known diameter, a round shape and a straight handle, and was called Ruan Xian.
In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the pipa accompaniment was mainly used for dance and rhythm, and was played with a plectrum. In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, due to the rise of rap and opera, the original four stages only included one octave and pure fourths. The range was very narrow and could not meet the requirements of vocal and instrumental solo accompaniment. The experience of generations has been improved in practice, and the scope of Pipa has been expanded by absorbing more Chinese flavors. In the Ming Dynasty, the pipa has developed into nine products in four stages; in the early 19th century and in the Qing Dynasty, the pipa had 10 items; in the early 20th century, it had increased to 12 items, and the scope expanded to three octaves. Playing vertically through horizontal bomb blast forms; abandoned pick, fingering, greatly enhances the expression of the pipa. In the early 1930s, six 18 items were added. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, pipa has developed even more, and the quality has been improved from 25 products to six, with 12 semitones, and you can play 12 tunes.
Pipa solo Pipa structure and style. Although it has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the age of the performer is rarely ignored, and sometimes even mentioned in ancient poems, it is still unknown for a while. There are Fu Fu, a pipa master from Pei Xun's period, Duan Shanlou, Pei Xin's slave, Cao Gang, etc., Zhang Xiong from Ming Dynasty, Zhong Xiu's Li Building nearby, and so on. Thus playing the tune, Zhang Xiong is famous for being good at playing (Get the Goose) ((Haiqing Get the Swan)); Li Jin's ground is called quot; Pipa is definitely with quot;, which can be played (Creating a School Field) and (The Great Hunting Autumn Sound) and other songs; youth should already be able to play (Hujia Eighteen Beats), (Nine), (Dongting Autumn) and other songs, especially the good (Zhu) one. (Chu) One, according to (Tang Pipa Biography) above, quite modern popular ((House of Flying Daggers)) is similar to Pipa with Okuma, small tune points. Okuma is also called a large collection, and its structure can be divided into three categories - 1. It is a unified multi-stage that forms an indivisible whole, describing a single content, such as (Ambush from Flying Daggers), (Moon High), etc.
The first two are composed of a set of several songs. The American couplet can be more or less ((solo ancient music)) is a (big ten-like scene), (small ten-like scene) and other songs plus a period It is composed of 10 hours (finished); (Biaoqu) is composed of (Sichun)), (Zhao Sawing) is composed of five small songs. The first three (dragon boat) music forms have been popular for a long time. . As usual the Pipa score is not overloaded. The method is to imitate the rhythm part of the pipa memorial sound of the percussion instrument, and then choose to play the pipa of folk songs; then play some drum beats, followed by folk songs. So alternate, informal, depending on how many players work the folk song, depending on the length of time. In the book, pipa artists who often booked fields in this opening story captivate the audience. (Bing (Bing Album)) Pipa Solo (Dragon Boat), is an example. Xiaoqu is called a small apartment, generally 68 per song, but there are some exceptions. As one of Hua Qiupingpu (Goose), there are as many as 128 plates; Fanghua Garden Spectrum Kuma (Goose) is based on the music and was evolved.
Pipa and Okuma have civil and military points. Men's setting is suitable for the performance of quiet, delicate, soft and wonderful taste, such as (Sunset Xiaogu), (Guanghan Palace) and other songs; Wu Weitung's vigorous setting is suitable for the performance, bold and vigorous vitality, such as (Ambush from Flying Daggers) (Haiqing takes the swan) and other songs. Fahrenheit (Pipa Score) Chinese Xiaoqu text board, said Wu Ban, cardboard, mainly refers to the slow, relatively quiet and beautiful tunes; Wu Ban refers to the allegro, smooth, lively tunes. The legend of Fang Yuan (New Score of Thirteen Daqu Pipa Scores of the Northern and Southern Schools), two different methods of performance by Wen Qiu and Wu District, how to say, discussion with QUOT; Qiu Jing, there should be lingering; Wu Qu Yiwei, Yi Mingwei, according to the voice board, wide and tight white, priority is normal. The so-called static should have a lingering effect, basically the finger-playing mound should focus on the left finger-kneading technique and slide Yin Xin's expression. The so-called Yi Wei and Yi Hongwei refer to the issue of the strength and speed of the right hand and wrist. It is funny how powerful it is. Of course,, determines the expression of power. Slowly, the key is how to understand the situation of the music player and learn to use technology to handle different good mood music.
Pluck the strings and sing Ruan Yi. Pipa from Han Chinese (206 BC - 220 AD). When the Wu-Tang Dynasty (reigned only 690-705) was renamed Ruan Xian, the song was shortened to Ruan, which was a common means of the Chinese National Symphony Orchestra and Opera House Orchestra. Pianos, Piano Bars, Speakers and Components:
Shapes. The headstock was ruyi-shaped, and four pegs were mounted on the head on either side of the piano. The piano bar has a straight back and an oblate shape, and the flat front design has a tacky mountain inlet and a tasteful fingerboard surface. 24 products can be arranged according to the color, flavor of each semitone. Within a range of up to three octaves. The speaker is perfectly round, with a slightly arched back around the face and top panel, opening for air vents, and dials on the bottom center armrest. Strings tied to the root note of a fixed chord. The strings of 4 golden weeks are called strings 1, 2, 3, and 4 from fine to fine. Ruan Ruan comes in two sizes from large to large Ruan. In quiet Nguyen tones, mellow. Nguyen's tone is moist and rich in the mouth. There are three tuning modes; Nguyen is G, D, A, E, G, D, G, D, A, D, A, D; Big Ruan is C, G, D, A, D G, D, G
The right fingering techniques developed and created by players have been inherited from Ruan's playing techniques and have developed into more than 30 types. Common ones include roof bombs, picks, hooks, hand buckles, plans, wheels, whisks, points, shakes, sweeps, ticks, rolls, picks, voltages, etc. There are a variety of 10 left-hand finger techniques, commonly used pot, use, slide, push, pull, groan, twist, Chuo, note, etc. p>? The history of the Chinese pipa is based on C"Ruan: quot;predecessor. Brick murals from the Southern Dynasties (420589) (Zhu Lin and Rong Qiqi) unearthed from the Xishanqiao Tomb in Nanjing. Ruan Xian occupies an oblique image of a musical instrument playing. This is a modern historical study of the Nguyen, shape, history and performance to provide accurate information. According to (New Tang Dynasty Yuan Chuangchang Red Line), during the reign of Wu Zetian. Kuai Shu Sung in tomb bronze, pipa-like body with perfect circle, and Ruan Xian in (Seven Sages in the Bamboo Grove) similar instrument playing. Yuan Xingchong believes that Ruan Xian also got this batch. The musician who lives with easy wood, chords, bright voice, and elegance is Ethan Ethan. "Song Dynasty. In the first year of Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty (995), Zhao Kuangyi and Zhidao used five strings of Ruan instruments, which were called 5-string Ruan instruments. Pottery decorated with Ruan ensemble and three other documents in the Green Sleeve Porcelain Storehouse of the Palace Museum; Mural painting of Jia Wei in Maiji Mountain, figure of Ruan ensemble; Buddha seat in Dunhuang murals with music and dance band ensemble in front of Ruan; Zhou and Song Dynasty imitation Five Moments Palace Picture scrolls include Ethan Ruan playing the guqin ensemble, etc.
According to historical records, Ruan’s music is very rich. For example, in the Song Dynasty, there were 20 volumes of (Ruan Xian Pu), (Po Ruan Fingering Method), Volume 1, (Qin Ruan Er Nong Pu) and other volumes before L. Unfortunately, these harmonics husband Nguyen was lost. Ruan's production had reached a high technical level in the Tang Dynasty. Existing fine rosewood inlaid Tang Ruan from Nara Shosoin in Japan, its excellent production technology, has established a beautiful shape. In the 1930s, Shanghai Datong Club had been imitating the ancient Ruan; before 1946, the Wuxi Huaguang Guo Orchestra was shaped by the Tang Dynasty Ruan, and each Ruan developed a major sanxian.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Ruan National Orchestra of the Central People's Broadcasting Station carried out a series of reforms, according to the law of filling almost 12 semitones, so the exchange was unrestricted; improving the quality and expanding the range to more than three octaves. Adapt and create new solo repertoire (Yao Chang Gu), (Shifting Hillside), (Tune Song), (Torch Night), etc. Yueqin Yueqin
Plays string instruments. Yueqin has its own name from the Tang Dynasty. Its shape is similar to Ruan. In the Qing Dynasty, the neck was shortened, and the modern style evolved, with the speaker having a full round shape and a short neck. The total length of the 62 speakers is 36.3 cm in diameter, with a mahogany neck and speaker frame, and a rosewood frame with six identical grilles glued with wood. The front and rear panel Paulownia system has two built-in speaker-shaped beams to support two frets. Axis, four strings, each string is tuned in 2 unisons, neck and top tuned in eighth and ninth fifths. Two octave range. In the 1950s, reforms gained widespread support. 67 cm long. Frets 18 to 24, tuning gram, D1, G1, D2, range: G-C4 wire wrapped with nylon rope. The Yueqin reached its zenith in the eighties, with a length of 80 centimeters, string-bound, and by setting the string's code, two vertical sound beams were set up by transverse sound speakers between the beams. The third product is tuned to grams, C1, G1, C2. When playing the piano with Anxian in the left hand, their so-called correct playing skills include strumming, plucking, summarizing, rolling, sweeping, pressing, trembling, sliding, chanting, etc. Peking opera, drama, Chu and other opera accompaniments are commonly used.