Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy

( 1809.2.3 - 1847. 1 1.4)

German composer and conductor

Felix Mendelssohn was born in a Jewish family in Hamburg on 1809. His grandfather was a philosopher moses mendelssohn and his father was a successful banker. Felix grew up in a pampered and well-educated environment. His mother is a pianist. She taught him his first piano lesson. Sister Fanny Kathiri (1805- 1847) is also a creative piano and composer and a precious friend of Felix.

Felix Mendelssohn, a piano prodigy, began to perform in public at the age of 9, 10 composed the poem 19 at the age of 0/2, and 14 formed his own private band. At the age of 20, he publicized Bach's works by conducting his first public performance "The Passion of Matthew" after his death. This is 1829, and the performance place is Berlin Singing Academy. Make a sensation and become a famous conductor. He made an important contribution to the revival of Bach's works. In the same year, he went to England to command London Philharmonic Orchestra, which was the first of his ten trips to England. After his holiday in Scotland, he expressed his impression with the prelude to Hebrides and the Scottish symphony (No.3 in A minor), although these two works were written after his visit to Italy in 1830- 183 1. He met Berlioz in Rome and began to brew the Italian Symphony. The next main stop was Paris (183 1- 1832), where I met Liszt and Chopin. 1833, he returned to Germany, completed the Italian symphony, and became the music director in Dü sseldorf. 1835 became the conductor of the famous concert in Leipzig. 1837 married Cecil Jean Reno, who was born in a Huguenot family. 1842 founded Leipzig Conservatory of Music with Schumann and others. He managed to visit England again and conducted his oratorio Elijah at Birmingham Music Festival in 1846, which was a brilliant success. At this time, his health had gone from bad to worse. The death of his beloved sister in the second year was a great blow to him and accelerated his death. He died six months later.

Mendelssohn is the most perfect master of music form after Mozart. The perfect combination of classical tradition and romantic interest in his works gives people a poetic elegance. He is good at bringing beautiful melodies into formal classical forms. He is not only a poet who enthusiastically praises nature, but also a landscape painter who is good at using illusory brushes. His music is called "descriptive romanticism".

Mendelssohn's talent as a composer, conductor and pianist was encouraged by piano teachers, such as Marie Bigo (in Paris), Ludwig Berger, Mo Shelley and Zecht (they taught him to compose in Berlin in 18 17).

In his short life, he created a large number of music works of various genres. His works are gentle and comfortable, beautiful and quiet, complete and rigorous, with few contradictions and conflicts, full of poetic fantasies, reflecting the stability and prosperity in his life. His Finger Cave, Piano Concerto No.1, Songs Without Words, Italian Symphony and Scottish Symphony are all well-known works.

Mendelssohn's earliest "mature" works, A Midsummer Night's Dream Overture (1826) and hebrides (1830- 1832), show his exquisite skills and unique melody style, which marks an important stage in the history of the creation of the overture of the title or descriptive concert. In his later works, his vision has been greatly expanded (symphony, concerto, oratorio, chorus, chamber music, piano music, organ sonata and songs), but there is no great progress in "skills" or expression. The simplicity, grace and harmony shared by many of his musical works reached its peak in the Birmingham premiere of Elijah, which set a standard for Victoria's musical interest in the middle period. But he also boldly explored, which is proved by the unusual structure and Wagner style in the underestimated Religious Reform Symphony (No.5 in D minor). The piano solo without words is exquisite and charming, which makes it impossible to listen to one song after another continuously, but it is full of pleasing innovations. His famous performance The Passion of Matthew greatly promoted the revival of Bach's music. He has become more and more famous since he conducted Buhall. Orchestral performance also set a new standard because of his command.

The main work includes:

(1) band:

Five symphonies (the second is a chorus hymn written in 1840, the third is a Scottish symphony written in 1842, the fourth is an Italian symphony written in 1833, and the fifth is a Reformation symphony written in 65438+.

The overtures are: A Midsummer Night's Dream (1826), hebrides (1830- 1832, also known as Sugar Cave), Calm Sea and Happy Sailing (1828) and Beautiful.

Piano concerto in G minor (183 1) and D minor (1837);

Violin Concerto (1844).

(2) Chorus works:

The oratorios are: Sao Paulo (1834- 1836), Elijah (1846- 1847) and Jesus Christ (unfinished,1847);

Symphony chorus "hymn" (1840, some people call it the second symphony); Nine poems and songs; Nine classic songs.

(3) Drama music:

Operas include: Camacho's Wedding (1825), Son and Stranger (1829) and Laurelii (unfinished,1847); The soundtrack of the play includes antigone (184 1), The First Night in Gith, Valppu (183 1, 1842) and A Midsummer Night's Dream (/kloc).

(4) Chamber music: six string quartets; Three piano quartets (1822-1825); Two string quintets (183 1,1845); String sextet (1824); String octet (1825); Two trio (in D minor,1839; C minor,1845); Violin sonata, two cello sonatas (1838, 1843).

(5) Piano: Capriccio in F minor (1825); Capriccio Rondo in E minor; Six Preludes and Fugues (1832-1837); Six episodes of songs without words.

(6) Organ: three preludes and fugues (1833-1837); Six sonatas (1839- 1844).

(7) Chorus of songs and melodies: ten sets of songs accompanied by piano; Eleven sets of melody chorus.

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Anton dvorak

Anton dvorak is one of the greatest composers in the Czech Republic in the19th century, and he is the main representative of the Czech national music genre.

Dvorak was born in a poor family in the suburb of Prague, Czech Republic, on September 8th, 2008184/KLOC-0. His childhood was accompanied by hard work. At the age of thirteen, he followed in his father's footsteps and became a trainee butcher. However, dvorak, a teenager, is very motivated. He taught himself hard and gradually showed his musical talent. He first studied violin with musicians in the village, and entered Prague Organ School at the age of 16. This music school is the cradle of his becoming a musician. 1859, dvorak graduated with honors from Prague Organ School, and then worked as a viola teacher in Czech National Theatre. During this period, he extensively absorbed all kinds of music knowledge and skills, studied the creative experience of western European classical and romantic composers and embarked on his own music creation path. He is a musician with strong national consciousness and loves the national art of the motherland. He sincerely appreciates and supports the national music culture advocated and devoted to the development by Bedrich Smetana, the great founder of Czech national music school. Under the influence of Czech national independence movement, he made great contributions to the development of national music.

As a composer, dvorak published his own works as early as 1859 and 18 years old. 1865, his first symphony "The Clock of Zlonis" came out, and he began his continuous music creation. 1878, his Slavic Dance was a great success, which established his position as a composer. 1892, dvorak came to the United States and became the dean of Prague Conservatory of Music. At that time, dvorak was 60 years old.

In his life's music creation, dvorak always put nationality as an important factor in the first place. No matter in operas, symphonies or chamber music works, he tries to closely combine nationality, lyricism and European classical music traditions to achieve perfection as far as possible. While teaching in the United States, he composed the famous string quartet in F major and his brilliant masterpiece "New World Symphony", which was based on African-American music.

Dehoushak's works in his life are numerous and varied. He composed twelve operas, eleven plays and oratorios, nine symphonies, five symphonies, six concertos, thirty-two chamber music ensembles, and a large number of works such as piano music, violin music, overtures and songs. The most famous ones are: Symphony No.9 in E minor (New World), Cello Concerto in B minor, Carnival Overture, String Ensemble in F major, Opera water sprite, King and Coal Worker, etc.

1 may, 9041day, dvorak died of a stroke in Prague at the age of 63.

Dvorak's major works

Nine symphonies (1). The correct numbers from the first to the ninth are C minor, bB major, bE major, D minor, F major, D major, D minor, G major and E minor respectively.

(2) Opera: King and Miner, Stubborn Farmer, Wanda, Peasant Rogue, Dmitry, jacobin Party, Devil and Kate, Water Fairy, Almida, etc. 12. Among them, The Water Fairy received a long and wide welcome after its premiere at 190 1, which was no less than Bedrich Smetana's The Betrayed Bride.

(3) Chorus: Ode to Our Lady, Ghost Bride, Saint lyudmila, Mass in D major, Requiem Mass, Thanksgiving hymn, etc.

(4) Orchestral music: In addition to the above nine symphonies, there are symphonic variations, six overtures (including Carnival), five symphonic poems (including The Water Monster, The Witch at Noon, The Golden Spinning Wheel and The Wild Pigeon), three Slavic Rhapsodies and three cello concertos.

(5) Chamber music: 4 piano trio (the last one is dumka trio), 65,438+0 string trio, 2 piano quartets, 65,438+03 string quartet, 65,438+0 piano quintet, 2 string quintets, 1 string sextet.

In addition, there are many songs, duets, piano music and piano duets. Among dvorak's many works, the most famous ones are Symphony No.9 in E minor, Cello Concerto in B minor, Carnival Overture, String Quartet in F major, Opera water sprite, King and Miner, etc.

magnum opus

Symphony No.9 in E minor (Op.95)-New World, translated from New World. See dvorak's Ninth Symphony for details.

Cello Concerto (Op. 104)

Piano Music Humor (op. 10 1-7)

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