1. Melody: Melody is also called melody. The ups and downs of the music are organized horizontally in an orderly manner according to a certain rhythm to form a melody. Melody is the most important means of expression in music form, the essence of music, and the decisive factor of music. The progression direction of a tune is endlessly changing, and there are three basic progression directions: "horizontal progression", "upward" and "downward". The direction in which the same sound progresses is called horizontal progress; the direction from bass to treble is called ascending; the direction from treble to bass is called descending. Common ways of progressing tunes include: "repetition of the same tone", "progression" and "jump forward". The progression according to the adjacent notes of the scale is called a progression. The jump in the third degree is called a minor jump. The jump in the fourth degree and above is called a major jump.

2. Rhythm: The rhythm of music refers to the length and strength of the mid-tones in the music movement. The rhythm of music is often compared to the skeleton of music. Beat is the periodic and regular repetition of heavy beats and weak beats in music. Traditional Chinese music calls the beat "banyan", "ban" is equivalent to the strong beat; "eye" is equivalent to the sub-strong beat (middle eye) or weak beat.

3. Harmony: Harmony includes "chords" and "harmonic progressions". Chords are usually sound combinations formed by three or more tones that overlap vertically (simultaneously) according to certain rules. The horizontal organization of chords is the harmonic progression. Harmony has obvious color effects of thick, light, thick and thin; it also has the function of forming phrases, dividing sections and ending music.

4. Strength: the strength of the midrange of the music.

5. Speed: how fast the music progresses.

6. Mode: The tones used in music are connected according to a certain relationship. These tones form a system with one tone as the center (the main tone), which is called mode. Such as major mode, minor mode, my country's pentatonic mode, etc. The notes in the mode, starting from the tonic note and arranged from low to high, form a scale.

7. Music form: the horizontal organizational structure of music.

8. Texture: the combination form of each voice in a polyphonic musical work. (Including vertical and horizontal combination relationships).

9. Timbre: Timbre can be divided into human voice timbre and musical instrument timbre. The human voice can be divided into children's voice, female voice, male voice, etc. The differences in the timbres of musical instruments are even more varied. In music, sometimes only a single timbre is used, and sometimes a mixture of timbres is used.