A system with some notes around the tonic is called a mode. For example, the scale structure of natural major mode is "all half, all half"

Tonality refers to a certain mode at a certain pitch position. Figuratively speaking, it is "tonic height+mode = tonality".

The structure of atonal music has been completely destroyed, and the tonic and dominant notes are irrelevant. They became a group without princes and ministers, and they could go to any one. It is difficult for people to hum and remember this melody.

The so-called "modal music, tonal music" you mentioned is actually the same, which is different from atonal music.