shakuhachi
Blow a hole to make the instrument sound. Traditional musical instruments popular in China. Bamboo, blown vertically, is similar to Dong Xiao in shape, sound and playing method, but the pipe is shorter and thicker than Dongxiao, and the sound is louder than Dong Xiao. Legend has it that it was made by Lu Cai in the Tang Dynasty, and it was named after its pipe length 1' 8 ". There are many kinds of shakuhachi, including ancient shakuhachi, Song shakuhachi, southern shakuhachi and Japanese shakuhachi.
Gu Chi Bagong
That is, the shakuhachi in the Tang Dynasty had six holes. 5 holes in front and 1 hole in back. Used in court music, it is an important instrument in Tang Dynasty's music department, Yuefu and music and dance.
Song Qianye
It has been circulated among the people. Chen Yun's "Le Shu" thinks that the shakuhachi is a five-hole Qiangdi: "The Qiangdi is a five-hole Qiangdi, or a shakuhachi tube, or a vertical tube, or a middle tube, and the shakuhachi is also long." After the Song Dynasty, the spread of shakuhachi gradually decreased.
Nababa
That is, the shakuhachi used in modern Fujian Nanyin is also the only shakuhachi handed down in China. The length of southern shakuhachi is between 57.5 and 58 cm. Made of bamboo roots, the lower part is bottomless, and the upper part is provided with water spray holes, and the first 5 holes and the last 6 holes are 1. The timbre is deep, round and powerful, with a range of d ~ 10. Used in Nanqu Opera, Liyuan Opera, Gaojia Opera, xiang opera Opera and Taiwan Province Opera. Its playing technique is relatively simple.
Japanese shakuhachi
Originally from China, it was introduced to Japan in the 8th century. There are many kinds of shakuhachi, such as Yayue shakuhachi, Duan shakuhachi and Universal shakuhachi.
Yayue shakuhachi is used to play Yayue. The tube is about 54 cm long, with 6 holes in total, 5 on the front and 1 on the back. The Heian period (794 ~ 1 185) disappeared and is now kept in Zhengcang Hospital.
One-section cutting shakuhachi, also known as one-section cutting, is named after using only one bamboo joint. The tube is about 34 cm long, with 5 holes in total, 4 on the front and 1 on the back. It was once circulated among warriors and monks.
Popularizing shakuhachi, or shakuhachi for short, evolved from a section. Made of bamboo tubes near the roots, the diameter is about 3 ~ 4.5 cm and the tube length is 40 ~ 83 cm, which is still popular today.
Perform an instrumental performance
The voice of shakuhachi can be high or low. The timbre can be as clear as a silver bell or as delicate as silk. This requires players to have considerable grasp ability. The outer incision of the shakuhachi makes the shakuhachi more undulating than the flute (the pitch and timbre produced by the change of airflow angle will also change with the rise and fall).
Classical shakuhachi has only five holes. So that some sounds can only be blown out with ups and downs. So ups and downs are one of the greatest charms of shakuhachi. It is also an important indicator to verify the level of shakuhachi players.