It is a musical instrument, used for playing

The suona is also called the trumpet, and the small suona is called the sea flute. Suona is a wooden conical tube with eight holes (seven in the front and one in the back). The upper end of the tube is equipped with a thin copper tube. The upper end of the copper tube is covered with a double-reed reed whistle. The upper end of the wooden tube has a copper bowl-shaped loudspeaker. . Although the suona has eight holes, the sound of the seventh hole is the same as the super blowing sound of the tube sound, and the sound of the eighth hole is the same as the super blowing sound of the first hole.

Edit this paragraph introduction

Suona is a type of Chinese national wind instrument, which was introduced from Persia (transliteration of Surna). It is shown in the murals of the Kizil Cave Temple in Xinjiang during the Western Jin Dynasty. Paintings of suona playing have already appeared, and were circulated among Chinese folk as late as the 16th century. The suona has a bright sound and loud volume. The tube is made of wood and is cone-shaped. The upper end is equipped with a copper tube with a whistle, and the lower end is covered with a copper trumpet (called a bowl). Therefore, it is also called trumpet. It is called drumming among Taiwanese people, and it is also called "eight tones" in Guangdong. Folk musical instruments widely circulated throughout China. The pronunciation is high-pitched and loud. In the past, it was mostly used in folk singing gatherings, yangko gatherings, drumming classes and as accompaniment to local folk arts and operas. After continuous development, the playing skills have been enriched and the expressiveness has been improved. It has become a distinctive solo instrument and is used in ethnic band ensembles or as accompaniment for opera, singing and dancing.

Edit this historical origin

The original suona was a musical instrument spread in Persia and Arabia. Even the name suona is the transliteration of Surnā in ancient Persia. The suona appeared in China around the third century AD. The image of the suona player playing in the mural in Cave 38 of the Kizil Grottoes in Baicheng, Xinjiang is already there. In the Jin and Yuan dynasties more than 700 years ago, it spread to the Central Plains of China. By the Ming Dynasty, suona began to be recorded in ancient books: During the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty (1506-1521), suona was widely used in China. Qi Jiguang (1527-1587), a military general in the Ming Dynasty, once used suona in military music. In his "Ji Xiao Xinshu·Wu Bei Zhi" he said: "Anyone who holds the flute is playing the suona." A more detailed record can be found in "Sancai Tuhui" compiled by Wang Qi of the Ming Dynasty (1607): The suona is made like a trumpet. Seven holes; the head and tail are made of copper, and the tubes are made of wood. I don’t know when it started, but it was the joy of being in the army. Nowadays, it is widely used among the people. "Wang Pan of the Ming Dynasty's "Chao Tianzi: Ode to the Trumpet" is the best article describing the suona: "Trumpet, suona, the music is small, the tune is loud. The traffic of official ships is chaotic, and it all depends on you to raise your status. The army is worried after hearing the news, and the people are afraid after hearing the news. How can one tell whether an official is true or false? Seeing that it blew over this house, damaged that house, it only caused the water to drain out and the geese to fly away. "In the late Ming Dynasty, suona has occupied an important position in opera music, used to accompany singing and play transitional tunes. In folk instrumental music based on opera music, suona has also become an inseparable instrument. By the Qing Dynasty, suona was called As "Sulnai", it was included in the court's "Huibu Music". Today, Suona has become one of the musical instruments widely used by people of all ethnic groups in China. China attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. May 20, 2006. On September 1, Suona art was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.

Edit this paragraph and is widely popular. It is a rich and expressive folk wind instrument. Its pronunciation is cheerful and bold, high-pitched and loud, strong yet soft, soft yet strong. It is one of the national musical instruments loved and welcomed by the majority of people. It is widely used in folk weddings and funerals. According to historical data, suona was spread in Persia and was introduced to China during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. During the 1960s, Wang Xilou wrote this sentence in his poems: "The suona is so instigating, the music is small but the tune is loud. "During the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty, the Korean seal script "Music Learning Guidelines" wrote: "The suona system and the trumpet... I don't know when it originated. It must be a kind of music in the military, and it is widely used by the people today." "In the Ming Dynasty, suona was included in "Huibu Music" and was called "Suernai". Suona is popular among more than 20 ethnic groups in China, and its names are also different in different popular areas: the Han people have suona, big flute, There are many names such as sea flute, trumpet, china, Ulawa, Nuanzi, Lihua, etc. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were names such as Suernai, Deli, Haodi, Jinkoujiao, Nieduojiang, etc. The Uyghur people called Su The Ner and Li people call it Mohong, Bailai, Zainai, Shala, etc., and the Mongolian people call it Piskhul, Narenpizhenge, etc. However, Suona is also a worldwide musical instrument, spreading in Asia and Africa. There are more than 30 countries in three continents in Europe, and different countries also have different names: Japan in Northeast Asia calls it Charumiro; North Korea and South Korea call it Taipingxiao; Southeast Asian countries call it Sarasaruna; and Daji in Central Asia. Countries such as Stan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia are called Surnai or Surnai; countries such as Iran, India, and Afghanistan in South Asia are called Surnai, Shana, and Surna respectively; countries such as Oman, Kuwait, and Syria in West Asia are called Surnai. Leyi; Egypt, Algeria and other countries in North Africa are called Mizmar, Zurna, and Zukana respectively; while Romania, Yugoslavia, and Albania in Europe are called Surle, and Russia is called Zurna, etc. Suona is the unified name in modern times.

Edit the range and timbre of this section

The D-tuned treble suona is notated according to the actual pitch on the treble clef. )-b(3), the common range in the band is a(1)-d(3).

The mid- and low-pitched sounds of suona are bold and powerful, making it easy to use various techniques and very expressive. The high-pitched range is tense and sharp, so be careful when using it in a band.

Edit this paragraph Qinyang Suona

Qinyang Suona is a wooden oboe instrument. It has a large volume, bright and rough sound quality, is easy to play, and is good at expressing passionate scenes and great joys. The mood of great sadness. In 1606, Zhu Zaiyu, a music sage from Qinyang, used scientific methods to clarify the twelve equal temperaments, solving the problem of "rotating phases to form palaces" that has been discussed by many people in the past dynasties, and improved the pronunciation position of the suona. Based on the eight sound holes of the suona, The "three-eye pipe" was developed in 1999, which made great contributions to the development of my country's national wind music. Zhu Zaiyu also served as the foreman of Qinyang suona performance. He founded the "Golden Drum Club" in Jiufeng Temple. Every year on the 23rd of the ninth lunar month, suona classes from all over the country gather here. Under the influence of Zhu Zaiyu, the number of suona classes in Huaiqing Prefecture gradually increased, including the "Tongle Club" and "Jia Jia Class" in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and the "Ma Jin Class" and "Mao Dan Class" in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. ", "Galaxy Class", etc. have a great influence in the local area. There are popular sayings in Qinyang: "If you blow the gold on a big sedan chair, you won't get married if you don't blow on the gold." Suona in Qinyang can be divided into four major schools and two major schools. With the Qinhe River as the boundary, it is divided into Qinbei School and Qinnan School. The two schools have different playing styles. Suona was introduced to our country during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. Suona: commonly known as "trumpet". Folk musical instruments widely circulated throughout our country. The pronunciation is high-pitched and loud. In the past, it was mostly used in folk singing gatherings, yangko gatherings, drumming classes and as accompaniment to local folk arts and operas. After continuous development, the playing skills have been enriched and the expressiveness has been improved. It has become a distinctive solo instrument and is used in ethnic band ensembles or as accompaniment for opera, singing and dancing.

Edit features of this paragraph

The traditional suona tube has eight holes at the bottom, which are connected by the index finger, middle finger, ring finger, little finger of the right hand, and the thumb of the left hand. , index finger, middle finger, and ring finger to press (if your dominant hand is different, you can change the left and right) to control the pitch. The way of pronunciation is to hold a reed whistle (also known as a reed) in your mouth and blow hard to make it vibrate and produce sound. After the vibration and amplification of the wooden tube body and the metal bowl, it becomes the sound emitted by the suona. Traditional suona can be divided into small suona (also called sea flute), general high-pitched suona, and large suona according to the range and size of the instrument. However, it can also be divided into suona of various tones (such as small suona in G key, small suona in F key). , D treble suona, C treble suona, G major suona, etc.), the so-called tonality refers to the sound played when the bottom three holes are released. Generally speaking, the common range of traditional suona is seventeenths, taking the most commonly used high-pitched suona in the key of D. Its range ranges from bass A to treble A (treble B is occasionally used, but it is difficult to play). Modern improved keyed suona can generally be divided into keyed treble suona, keyed alto suona, keyed tenor suona, and keyed tenor suona. Key bass suona, etc., which feature the addition of keys and half-tone holes to increase the sound range and stabilize intonation. Due to differences between regions and manufacturers, the shape and the way of pressing the holes are also different. The most common keyed alto suona is used to sound, and the commonly used range is generally eighteenths. The biggest feature of the suona is that it can control the whistle with the mouth to make changes in volume, pitch, and timbre, as well as the use of various techniques. This makes it very difficult to control the intonation of the suona on the one hand, and on the other hand, it makes it change the timbre and volume. It is large and can produce perfect portamento by controlling the pitch, which makes the suona a very expressive instrument. The skill of adjusting the whistle has therefore become an important skill that suona players must have. In addition to the quality of the whistle affecting labor efficiency and intonation, the whistle must also be made in different ways depending on the music and timbre requirements. of minor adjustments.

Edit this paragraph of opera accompaniment

The suona is a musical instrument often used by traditional Chinese folk since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It appears on the following occasions: (1) Opera accompaniment: in the accompaniment of many Chinese operas Suona is used in all operas, especially in operas from northern and southwestern China. In Peking Opera, the most popular opera after the mid-Qing Dynasty, there are also a few plays that use suona. (2) Instrumental music performances such as drum music and percussion music: Among them, drum music refers to performances with suona and other pipes as the main lead and percussion accompaniment. The most famous music type is Shandong drum music, while wind and percussion music combines wind instruments and percussion instruments. The performances include more famous music types such as Shifan Gong and Drum, Zhejiang Gong and Drum, etc. Performances of this type of instrumental music often occur at various festivals or local fairs. (3) Folk song and dance music: used as an accompaniment to songs and dances, such as tea-picking songs and dances in the south, and yangko (also known as Shehuo) in the north, which are often used on festivals and harvest occasions. (4) Other types of instrumental music: such as Chaozhou music, Beiguan music, Hakka and Han music, and a few pieces of Guangdong music. This music usually appears in the form of indoor performances, but Beifang music often appears outdoors at various weddings and funerals. (5) Court music: including ritual music and drum music used in the army or to express the emperor’s momentum, suona-like instruments were all used. (However, the names of some musical instruments in court music are difficult to distinguish whether they are suona or horn instruments)

Edit this paragraph Reform and Application

Since modern times, the development of Chinese music has been influenced by The influence of Western music has led to reforms in musical form, content and musical instruments, and suona has also been affected.

(1) The status of Chinese orchestras (Chinese orchestras): In modern China, Chinese orchestras imitated Western symphony orchestras and established national orchestras. However, among traditional Chinese musical instruments, brass instruments are relatively lacking. When writing music, the original woodwind instruments were The suona plays a role similar to the brass instrument in a symphony orchestra, so the suona is often used in majestic pieces that require momentum. Due to the small range of the traditional suona (especially the lack of mid-low range) and the difficulty of controlling the intonation such as semitones, the keys of the oboe and other instruments were imitated, and the keyed alto suona, keyed tenor suona, and keyed bass suona were developed. and other instruments to make up for the lack of mid-bass parts in the wind and folk orchestra. (2) Development of solo music: Suona’s special timbre and rich expressive power make it more suitable for solo performance than playing in an ensemble. Modern musical instrument reformers first adapted tunes from traditional folk instrumental music. Among them, the most famous suona musician is Ren Tongxiang. Since the 1950s, he has adapted many solo pieces from the suona repertoire promoted by Shandong. The most famous piece is "A Hundred Birds Pay Attention to the Phoenix", in which suona is used to imitate various kinds of music. The sound of birdsong. Since then, many suona players who were born in the folk world have also been engaged in the arrangement and creation of new solo pieces. After the 1990s, large-scale concertos gradually appeared, such as the "Mulan" concerto written by Guan Naizhong (which absorbed the music of Henan Opera).

Edit this paragraph Folk Suona

The etiquette of weddings, funerals, weddings and weddings has a long history and has long been a major folk custom, especially in rural areas. Those ancient rituals and ancient folk sentiments have lasted for countless years, making people recall them as if they were yesterday. There is a common saying among ordinary people: Marriage is a major event in life, and it should be celebrated with joy. Even if it is a trivial matter, it should be done as a popular event, and the lively atmosphere is indispensable. Therefore, suona craftsmen and drummers were very popular back then. Not to mention, a group of suona artists in Nanchong City have been prosperous for a while. Take the 1950s and 1960s as an example. When rural families in the suburbs held happy events during the New Year, everyone wanted to make a fuss, compete for face, show off, and invite suona craftsmen and drummers. A series of festive entertainment activities such as playing and delivering dowry, traveling in sedan chairs, having wedding ceremonies, drinking wedding wine, and returning to one's parents' home can take at least ten days. There are more customs and habits in organizing funerals. If you pay homage to your elders, the arrangement of the scene is no less than that of a red event. No matter mourning or sending out funerals, gongs, drums and beatings are indispensable. What's more, theater troupes are invited to play with friends, sing filial songs, and relatives and friends accompany the artists all night long. When it comes to folk suona, older artists often say "three loads of rice with huqin and one morning with suona". In fact, folk suona, like other ethnic musical instruments, cannot be learned overnight. Moreover, there are hundreds of folk suona tunes, and even the most widely circulated and commonly used tunes are enough for a player to practice for three to five years. Drummer is a customary name among the people. In fact, he is the combined name of suona craftsman and drummer. They are composed of amateur instrumental music enthusiasts and also include folk artists. Whenever someone invites you, you only need to invite 5 people (2 people to play suona and 3 people to play gongs and drums) for a short period of time, so the level of playing varies. For example, in the etiquette of "Following the Sedan" in folk culture, some suona artists play tunes such as "Ants Climb the Tree", "Pumpkin Blossoms", "Accompanying the Dressing Table", etc. Once you hear the style and skills, you will know that they are ancestral veterans. But most of the guys who play back drums, cymbals, and clang gongs have practiced for three to five days with half a can of water. They just want to beat the gongs and drums loudly and follow the rhythm of the suona. They don't have much skill

Words. When it comes to funeral ceremonies, among the three blows and three blows, the folk suona can be said to be uniquely successful. Generally, when the gongs and drums sound, it is indispensable to play the suona tunes "Pu'an Curse", "Shui Luoyin" and "General's Order" three times. In their jargon, all suona artists who can master this suite of music are masters of the breathing skills passed down from their masters. In contrast, in ceremonies such as memorial ceremonies and funerals, the mournful music played by the suona such as "Making Mountains and Rivers" and "Weeping for the Emperor" appear simple and unpretentious. Times are changing. Nowadays, each family has its own unique arrangements for weddings and weddings: city tours in ceremonial cars, travel weddings, group weddings, tree planting to express condolences, filial piety ceremonies, etc. However, farmers in remote mountain villages are still attached to traditional customs, and even regard the etiquette of "carrying a sedan chair and sending off a bride" as an entertainment activity that has been used since ancient times. They have moved it into the city in a unique way, playing music, wearing red and colorful colors, and letting the masses see it. The style of folk culture. Suona music score

Suona music score: Commonly used suona music scores include: [春来], [大汉东山], [小汉东山], [大桃红], [小桃红], [大门], [Small opening], [Strong wind entering the pine], [Small wind entering the pine], [Wen Erfan], [Wu Erfan], [Shuilongyin], [New water order], [Zheguizhi], [Yan Jialing] ], [Slope Goat], [Red Embroidered Shoes], [Suona Leather], [Doll], etc. A flower; a small door; a small cowherd; a happy harvest; eighteen boards; hillside sheep; six-character door opening; lagua (duet); haha ??tune; Fengyang song with eight boards; hundreds of birds paying homage to the phoenix; wedding song; two people turning the sign Music; universal music; birds paying homage to the phoenix; celebrating victory (concerto); two-person tune; a flower; great victory (wind and percussion music); carrying a sedan chair; ten scenes (duet); good heaven; celebrating the harvest; Tatar dance; Small cow herding; Dragon and Tiger leaping (wind and percussion music); Hebei Bangzi tune; Happy harvest; Harvest; Small door opening; Send off the bride.

Hakka Suona Hakka Suona Players

Hakka Suona has a long history. According to historical records, as early as more than a thousand years ago, "drummers were held on the road, going to and from people's homes, and never stopped." ?Hakka suona is divided into sad and happy tunes. The happy tune is light and joyful, and when played, it is passionate, loud, harmonious and sweet. The sad tune is deep, low-pitched, euphemistic and resentful. Among the people, suona has a deep foundation. Generally, when families hold weddings, funerals, birthdays, move to a new home, and New Years and festivals, they will invite several suona players to celebrate and lively. Today, they also invite suona players to send their children to join the army and to open and cut ribbons. Suona band. Zhou Jia Ban Suona, Zhou Jia Ban Suona, the representative of the third generation of wind instrument master Zhou Zhengyu

Zhou Jia Ban is the Zhou family wind and percussion class, also known among the people as [芗 Epidemic 锬凶唷⒅ Xiang Ye Mu Zhi 唷⒉ ち throw? Caries? And Yue Xi г 诎 not camphor death Di? ち Executive Mi Nao Xie? Fu Zhi 笫 χ glycoside? Long Rong Cistanche Xian Jia Song? Quality reproduction slightly barium Cao Xie? Dou Xi Zhi yo V Xiangye pyrimidine. The poet has experienced more than 100 years of vicissitudes. At present, there are more than 100 musicians of both sexes, old and young, spanning Sulu, Anhui and Zhejiang, and they are well-known among the people and overseas. Suona art was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists. .

Edit this paragraph of playing techniques

The suona is not a complicated instrument. Its structure is very simple, consisting of five parts: whistle, air card, core, rod and bowl. There are 8 sound holes opened on the wooden conical pole, seven in front and one in the back, arranged in a staggered manner; a copper core is installed on the pole; there are gas cards and reed whistles on the core; a bowl is installed at the lower end of the pole. It is such a simple, even somewhat crude structure, but it can perform almost all wind instrument techniques, and can even imitate human singing, bird chirping and other wonderful sounds. By taking apart the parts of the suona and playing them, you can imitate different characters, such as the old and deep voice of Lao Sheng, the playful and nimble appearance of Hua Dan, and the rough and reckless martial arts... Such a small instrument can independently interpret the joys, sorrows and joys of the world. . Playing the suona also requires some skills, and you have to press the sound hole completely with your fingers. If the sound hole is not pressed tightly, the sound produced will often be inaccurate. Therefore, knowing how to play the suona has become a science. Playing suona often takes more energy, and the higher the note, the more energy is consumed. Generally speaking, when playing the suona, one cannot perform for a long time without interruption, but when trained players, especially folk artists, play the suona, they compete with each other for their endurance. "Circular breathing method" is the most common playing method. This kind of playing can make the breath always full and continuous, and can make the music continue for a long time without interruption, and even the whole song can be completed in one go. The richness of the suona's tone is extraordinary. The colorful tuning creates a rich and comprehensive suona. The current suonas are mostly divided into [咭吷?囚夵嵵倵?frame F felt maple coat rose mother card cum 锬牛?鸵hydroxy?source?chengcheng?⒁艉袷跷狠hydroxy?Nangjie?蚴贴眴War⒚ The bones are left? The ruthenium trade is fashionable and the imperial edict is stupid and difficult. The gray tent is full of smoke. The gray tent is full of dirt. The fish is full of water. The salt is salt. Zhan Xumei Tuba 涑衡yan? Nao Gua簦? Hao tore Changjia 肂谩5 Bi slaughter? Mother's mace raised pupae? 锬牛? Died in the middle of the day? ARC? Suonas vary from place to place, some are large, some are small, some are rough, some are soft, and there are many types. They are usually divided into five types based on the length of the pole. The length of the small suona rod is often 22 to 30 centimeters. ⒏＝ā⒑?Xiatu?鞯仁"Jiaoshaoyue Slang League?Nao Jie?" The whistles used in different places are also different, including reed whistles, wheat straw whistles, and brown-purple gummy insect shell whistles (but they sound very special when blown). Soft), the sound can be described as unique. The middle suona pole is 32 to 40 centimeters long and is popular in [?辟?冬蚠蚚不谟柛淮?袅苠蚠蚚Bu蟛曟? ?Miscous 有璋稽 Didiao ?Shallow S Pu 铩 4筮锬Ou shun? 2 ~ 57 cm, the sound is deep and grand, as if a hero was born, full of ambition and majestic. In the northern areas of Northeast China, Shanhaiguan and Eastern Hebei, the rough and large suona is also the best choice for playing large-scale music. Compared with the "big pole" with a pole length of 50 cm, the cypress pole is slightly shorter and popular in Hebei, Henan and Shandong. The crisp and bright sound seems to part the clouds and see the clear sky, which is refreshing. He is particularly good at playing minor tunes with a cypress pole and imitating vocals in opera. The length of the sea flute is less than 20 centimeters, and the parts are also small. It is exquisite and compact, but its pronunciation is sharp and loud, soaring into the sky. The instrumental ensembles in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui are its best stages. There is also a special kind of suona in western Fujian. Usually two suonas are played together, which are called "gongchui" and "chui". The structure of the two suonas is the same, but there are slight differences in length and thickness. The "male" is short and the "long" is long, and the "male" is thin and "thick". The sound of "male blowing" is sweet, and the pronunciation of "blowing" is low and deep, which is harmonious. Together, seamlessly.