Full name: Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin, Frederic Francisque Chopin, Frederic Fran? Ois Chopin (French)

Great Polish musician and composer

Masterpieces: Mazzuca Dance and Waltz.

I like Polish folk music since I was a child. I began to learn piano at the age of six. At the age of seven, he wrote Polish dance music, performed on stage at the age of eight, joined the composition class of Warsaw Conservatory of Music at the age of sixteen, and became a recognized pianist and composer in Warsaw under the age of twenty. The second half of his life coincided with Poland's national subjugation. He spent his time abroad and created many piano works with patriotic thoughts to express his homesickness and national subjugation. Among them are The First Narration, Polish Dance in Ba Major and other heroic works related to the Polish national liberation struggle. There are fighting works full of patriotic enthusiasm, such as revolutionary etudes and scherzo in b minor; There are sad works mourning the fate of the motherland, such as sonata in B flat minor; There are also fantasy works that miss the motherland and relatives, such as many nocturnes and fantasies.

Chopin lived on the piano all his life, and almost all his creations were piano music, so he was called a "piano poet". He often raises money for his compatriots and performs for nobles abroad. 1837 sternly refused the position of "Chief Pianist of His Majesty the Russian Emperor" awarded by Russia. Schumann called his music "a cannon hidden among flowers" and declared to the world that "Poland will not perish". Chopin's life in his later years was very lonely. He painfully called himself "a Polish orphan far from his mother". On his deathbed, he asked his sister Ludwika to transport his heart back to the motherland.

all one's life

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18 10 March 1 day, Chopin was born in Gerlazo Vavola, a suburb of Warsaw. My father was originally from France, and he was a French teacher in a middle school in Warsaw. Later, he opened a boarding school for the children of provincial nobles who came to Warsaw to study. My mother is Polish and once worked as a housekeeper in a noble relative's house. Chopin studied piano with Czech musician W. Zivny when he was a child, and began to play in public at the age of 8. From 65438 to 0824, he studied music theory with J. A.F Elsner, a German musician and president of Warsaw Conservatory of Music. 1826 After graduating from middle school, he entered Warsaw Conservatory of Music and started his early creative activities. 1829 graduated from this school. At that time, the Polish national movement was at its climax, and the national struggle against foreign slavery and for freedom and independence had a profound impact on young Chopin's thoughts and cultivated his national feelings and patriotic enthusiasm. 1830 In March, Chopin played his early masterpiece Piano Concerto No.2 (F minor) in Warsaw, and another masterpiece Piano Concerto No.1 (E minor) in Warsaw in the same year. Both works were successful. 165438+1On October 2nd, Chopin left Warsaw with a handful of Polish clay presented by a friend, went abroad for further study and left the motherland forever. During his stay in Vienna in early February, 65438 learned the news of the Warsaw Uprising and was anxious for failing to participate in the Uprising. At that time, I wanted to go back to Poland to participate in the struggle, but I was discouraged by my friends and failed to achieve it. At the beginning of the following year, when he went to Paris and passed through Stuttgart, he was shocked by the news that the uprising was suppressed by Russia and Warsaw fell, which left a deep mark on his creation at that time. After arriving in Paris, he gave up his plan to go to London, settled in Paris and engaged in piano teaching and creative activities. In addition to having close contacts with Polish expatriates in exile, he also met many important figures in western European literary and art circles, including Polish exiled poet A. Mitzi Kevic, German poet H. Heine, French painter E. Delacroix, Italian musician V. Bei Lini, Hungarian musician F. Liszt and others. The influence of these contacts on Chopin's spiritual life can't be underestimated, especially the relationship with the French woman writer george sand, which has a far-reaching influence on Chopin's thought and life. From 1838 to 1846, she lived together, her feelings broke down and she lived together for 8 years. From his arrival in Paris in the early 1930s to the mid-1940s, Chopin's thought and art were highly mature, and he made great achievements in his creation. Chopin's creation began to decline from 1846. There are many reasons: several setbacks in Poland's national movement in the 1940 s caused Chopin, who had been waiting for this for a long time, to suffer a heavy mental blow and fall into disappointment and depression; The breakup of love with George Thornton, the successive deaths of relatives and close friends in his hometown, and the continuous deterioration of his health have all caused deep trauma to his body and mind, aggravating his sadness and loneliness. From 65438 to 0848, weak Chopin went to England for a period of time, engaged in short-term teaching and playing activities. There, he gave his last concert for exiled Polish overseas Chinese. After returning to Paris, his health deteriorated sharply. He died in his apartment in Paris on October/2007 1849+0 17. On his deathbed, he ordered his heart to be transported back to his native Poland for burial.

Creation period

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Chopin's creation can be divided into four periods, namely Warsaw period, Warsaw uprising period, Paris heyday and later period.

The creation in Warsaw period (early years ~ 1830) did not occupy a very important position in Chopin's whole creation except for a few works. But it is the starting point of Chopin's life creation, and it has already shone with the brilliance of national feelings and styles. This is found in his Polonaise in D minor (1827), Polonaise in E flat major (183 1), Mazzuca in C major (1829) and Mazzuca in F major (1). The most important works in this period are two piano concertos by 1830. These two works are full of romantic temperament, the experience of love life, the warm yearning for happiness, and the resulting bright and cheerful emotions run through the whole song. Music is full of folk colors. The theme of the last movement of the second piano concerto is simple and beautiful Mazzuca dance style, while the theme of the last movement of the first piano concerto is strong and rough melody with strong Krakowiak dance style.

During the Warsaw Uprising (from the end of 1830 to 183 1 year), Chopin's creation made a leap. Scherzo in B minor (183 1) was composed by him during his stay in Vienna. The patriotic enthusiasm aroused by the uprising is intertwined with the yearning for relatives in the motherland, which constitutes a poem that is both severe and gentle. Etudes in C minor (commonly known as Revolutionary Etudes, 183 1) and Preludes in D minor (183 1) were created after learning of the fall of Warsaw, which achieved a high degree of perfect unity of anger and grief with strict washing and training, and became Chopin's early years. At the same time, the prelude in A minor is full of confusion, and the musical conception is strange and novel.

In the heyday of Paris (1832 ~ 1845), Chopin's profound national content, original artistic form and skillful musical style brought his art to perfection. His creation involves various genres of piano music, from etudes, preludes, Mazzuca dances, Polonaise dances, nocturnes, waltzes and impromptu, to more complicated ballads, scherzos and sonatas, and he has achieved fruitful artistic results. Most of Chopin's etudes were written during this period, among which the etudes in E major (1832), B minor (1834) and A minor (1834) are the most prominent. Etudes in e major is a sad and deep elegy, and its tune belongs to one of the most beautiful pieces created by Chopin, which is full of infinite love for the motherland. Etude in b minor is a work full of gloom and anger. Its theme is intense and dramatic, but its middle part is permeated with a meditative and quiet sad atmosphere. In an etude genre suitable for mainly expressing a single image, it is rare for Chopin's etudes to adopt such a strong principle of double-theme contrast to cause sharp drama conflicts. "Etudes in A minor" is full of emotion and great momentum. The whole song has developed from a simple musical motivation of using horns to a magnificent stream, pushing music to a dramatic and tragic climax with shocking power. Among Chopin's three sonatas, the piano sonata in B flat minor (1839) is the most outstanding in terms of profundity and artistic originality, and the funeral March, the third movement, is one of the most popular chapters in Chopin's music. Nocturne is the most romantic genre in Chopin's creation. His early nocturnes were deeply influenced by J. Field, an English composer, who pursued exquisite, gorgeous, elegant and beautiful music style with strong romantic and sentimental sentiment. The nocturnes created after the exile in Paris are more profound in content and more personalized in music style. His "Nocturne in C Minor" (184 1) is completely free from the influence of the field. Its theme is unpretentious, serious and sad, and the development of music is becoming more and more dramatic. It indicates that Chopin raised the creation of nocturne to an unprecedented height, and greatly tapped the performance potential of nocturne, making it a music genre that can accommodate profound social content. Chopin's four ballads were all written during this period, and some of them are directly related to Polish national epics and folklore. For example, the creation of Ballad in G minor (1835) was directly inspired by the long poem Conrad Wallenrode by the Polish national poet Mitzi Kevic. Chopin captured the deep, serious and fearless character of Warren Lord, a hero who gave his life for the nation, and the tense tragic atmosphere that runs through the whole poem, and it was reflected in the form of strict sonata allegro movement. The narrative in F major (1839) is adapted from the folk fantasy story poem Sved Shiyanka by the same poet. The original poem describes an ungrateful young hunter who is finally punished for betraying his vows of love and dragged into the bottom of the lake by Shi Yanka, a fairy in Swedely. Chopin didn't try to describe or imply the story of the original poem in this ballad, but showed two opposing situations in a highly generalized way, revealing the artistic conception and emotional atmosphere of the original poem through the development of contradictions and conflicts between them. Polonaise dance is the most intense genre in Chopin's creation during this period. In his early years, the tendency of paying attention to the external gorgeous effect in Polonaise's dance music was replaced by profound and strong national spirit and unpretentious, resolute and bold artistic style. Chopin either draws spiritual strength from the heroes in Polish national history, or inspires national feelings by remembering the glorious past of the motherland and lamenting the suffering of today's decline, so as to express inner resentment and inspire national spirit. Polonaise Dance in A Major (1838) is an ode to victory and triumph, with a full and powerful voice running through it like an orchestra, showing the glorious scene of ancient Poland when it celebrated its national victory. Polonaise Dance in C minor (1839) is a sad song, lamenting the fall of the motherland. The emotional tone of the theme is sad and depressing, but it is not sentimental at all. Polonaise Dance in F minor (184 1) is large-scale and dramatic, which is related to the imagination of national war scenes in Polish history. The tragic and stern beginning and end are in sharp contrast with the gloomy and melancholy middle part, which is unique in Polonaise school. Polonaise Dance in A flat major (1842) is the most determined, heroic, magnificent and majestic piece of this kind of music. Its theme rhythm is decisive and powerful, the melody is warm and heroic, the big mode and the harmony are distinct, which embodies an indomitable national hero image. The middle part of the music is full of vivid shapes, and the sound of hooves and horns are intertwined, forming an ancient battlefield scene with galloping horses and moonlight swords. The composer's nostalgia for the past and realistic feelings are combined to form a surging national feeling, which cannot be suppressed.

In the later period (1846 ~ 1849), Chopin's creation showed an obvious declining trend. Fantasy Polonaise (1846) is an important work in this period. Although there is no high-pitched and heroic voice of Polonaise in A-flat major, the impassioned and generous paragraphs sung by him because of his longing for the future of the motherland and the nation are still very infectious. Mazzuca in G minor (1849) and Mazzuca in F minor (1849) are Chopin's last two works. The former is a kind and warm song, expressing the last bit of attachment to life; The latter poured out his last thoughts on his loved ones in the faint sadness.

1830, he decided to go to Paris to learn the piano. On the eve of leaving the old country, the teacher gave him a cup of Polish soil, which Chopin carried with him until his death. During the trip, he kept playing in various places in Germany and Vienna, and arrived in Stuttgart in September the following year. Hearing the news of the failure of the Polish revolution, he wrote "Revolutionary Etudes" with indignation. 1795 Poland perished and became the territory of the Russian empire. 1830 witnessed the independence movement. Because of the failure of the Polish revolution, Chopin gave up the idea of returning to the motherland and planned to open up his own world in Paris to help the revolutionary movement.

1835, Chopin went to Dresden and Leipzig to meet Mendelssohn and Schumann. 1836, she fell in love with the female writer george sand, and soon her lung disease worsened. 1838, she and george sand went to the island of Majorca to rest, and later they lived together in Paris and Lyon. During the period of 1847, the two sides fell in love because of disagreement, ending this famous love affair in history.

1848, he went to Britain to perform, and soon after returning to Paris the following year, he died of tuberculosis at the age of 39.

Chopin's works are all piano music except seventeen Polish songs, piano trio and cello music. Among these works, there are two piano concertos and three piano sonatas.

Chopin's contribution to nationalist music is his 60 mazurka dances and 12 polish dances. Both kinds of dance music are in three beats, and Ma Cuoka is at a medium speed, which comes from folk celebration music; Polish dance music is elegant. It was originally the soundtrack of16th century palace celebrations. Chopin brought Marzo to the concert, once again showing people the splendor and pomp of early Polish court life. It reminds people of the national glory of the past and has also become a feature of the national lifestyle in the past.

In The Romantic Period, Chopin, as an outstanding composer of Polish national music style, has a very unique historical position. In the history of European music development in the19th century, the national music style occupied a dominant position. Although all Chopin's works have the traditional music style from Poland, Chopin's Mazuka shows the national style of Poland more intensively. Chopin used the most beautiful Polish melody in Mazzuca, which is still admired by the world, making today's musicians truly experience the unique Polish style in his music for the first time.

1 810 On March, 20001day, Chopin was born in a small village called Gerlazo Vavola, 50 kilometers west of Warsaw. He showed extraordinary musical talent in his early years. Father nicolas chopin, French, came to Poland at the age of 1788. The reason why he came to Poland is still unclear, but he probably took an active part in the national resistance movement led by Polish general TADEUSZ KOCIUSZKO in 1794 and fought for his freedom to move into the country. 1800, he became a French teacher for the daughter and wife of Starosta, the regional governor. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/802, nicolas chopin accepted the invitation of Countess Ludwig Scarbeck to take charge of the education and teaching of her children and live with her family in Zhelezovavola. Here, he met the countess's distant relative, Miss Tecla yust Krzyanovska. They got married on June 2nd, 1806, and their second child FRYDERYK was born on June 2nd, 18 10. In the same year, the Chopin family moved to Warsaw.

Chopin showed his extraordinary musical talent when he was six years old. His family hired a famous piano teacher, Mr. Wojciech. He not only fully demonstrated the beauty of music for young Chopin, but also made him familiar with the works of a large number of music masters. His teaching is full of interest and wisdom, which laid the foundation for Chopin's personality and creativity as a pianist. Chopin's first performance was a charity concert at the Radzweil family palace, when he was only 8 years old. 18 18 Warsaw daily wrote: "He can not only play the most difficult piano works perfectly and easily, but also create interesting dance music and variations." Later, Chopin often appeared in the mansion of dignitaries.

Later, Chopin's parents realized that even the greatest musical genius could not do it without professional education. So they decided to give Chopin a systematic professional education. Chopin graduated from Lv Keang College in Warsaw on 1926 and entered the Warsaw Conservatory of Music, where he studied under the famous music educator and composer Mr. Joseph Elsner. During this period, Chopin composed most piano and orchestral works, including Variations No.2 in B flat major, Fantasia No.0/3 in A major with Polish melody, Rondo No.0/4 in F major, Piano Sonata No.4 in C minor, Violin and Cello No.8 in G minor, and Polonaise, Mazzuca and Waltz. Elsner soon realized Chopin's extraordinary musical talent, and he actively guided and protected his creativity and innovation. In Chopin's second academic year report, he wrote: "extraordinary ability", and a year later: "extraordinary ability, musical genius".

After graduating from Warsaw Conservatory of Music, Chopin began to want to play his musical talent in major music centers in Europe. By chance, he chose Vienna, where they both achieved great success as composers and pianists. 1829, the commentary on "ALLGEMEINE THEATERZEITUNG" wrote: "Chopin conquered everyone, because people not only discovered his musical talent ... judging from the primitiveness of his performance and creation, he can be said to be a musical genius ... His performance is definitely not a display of skills, which is the difference between being an artist and putting on airs. Let us see the real artist from this unknown young man. " Other comments also wrote: "great works", "beautiful performances", "indescribable skills" and so on. These are the first time that Chopin's musical talent has been recognized internationally.

At the age of 20, Chopin was famous for his piano concertos in E minor and F minor in Warsaw. Shortly thereafter, he decided to go abroad. In this foreign-ruled country, the political form is constantly tense and the revolution is imminent. This situation is very unfavorable to the development of his music career, so he started his artistic journey in February of 1830. Attending the farewell party were his family, his first love KONSTANCJA, Professor ELSNER and some friends. Chopin didn't realize that he would leave the motherland forever, that is, from that moment on, his life full of countless joys and pains will always be accompanied by endless homesickness.

In his second hometown of Paris, Chopin soon made friends with a group of artists at that time, including Liszt, Schumann, Mendelssohn and Schiller. Mainly engaged in creative and teaching work, occasionally attending concerts. He doesn't want to be a pianist, because19th century pianists use all kinds of playing skills to please the audience and win fame and fortune. Chopin wanted to show the audience the true beauty of music. His playing style is quite different from that generally accepted by the public, so he is often compared with contemporary pianists. This comparison is usually in Chopin's favor. Charles Halley, an outstanding British pianist and conductor, once said, "Compared with Chopin, Kalkbrenner is just a child". Heinrich heine said, "Liszt eclipsed all pianists except piano master Chopin".

Through these, we can easily see that Chopin has extraordinary piano skills and he can become a dazzling star on the piano stage. However, he would rather play for an artistic audience who can really understand his music. Besides, Chopin held only 30 public concerts in his life. Everyone who has heard Chopin's "learning" concert strongly believes that only in this kind of private concert between friends can great artists explain the true meaning of music and give play to their artistic talents.

Chopin is famous as a composer. The most favorable proof is that Chopin's creative artistic achievements are constantly accepted and spread by more world audiences. He is an extraordinary composer, and he has created extraordinary artistic achievements with extraordinary artistic talent. He is also the only composer who focuses on the creation of a musical instrument. Although music groups in Warsaw, including Professor Elsner, suggested that he could create some operas and orchestral works, Chopin believed that at that age, only through the piano could he truly achieve his artistic goals. He expressed his musical thoughts through different musical forms, including Polonaise, Mazuka, Waltz, Nocturne, Sonata, Prelude, Narrative, Piano Concerto, Rondo and Variations. He was a great composer with independent style and poetic spirit. 1848 After the concert in Britain, London's Daily News wrote, "In his works, Chopin's outstanding creative talent and his ability to express his works are displayed. His unique musical style is impossible for any master before. We have never heard such wonderful and exciting music.

After a long illness, Chopin died in Paris, France on 1849. But his heart and every piece of music he left to Poland expressed his enthusiasm for the motherland. Before he died, he said to his sister, "Please take my heart back to my motherland. I want to sleep in the underground of my motherland. "

Bring my heart back to my motherland-

/kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, Poland was divided by European powers, and nine-tenths of its territory fell into the hands of czarist Russia. Since then, the Polish people have fallen into the abyss of being bullied and oppressed. Chopin, a young and talented musician, was filled with grief and indignation and had to leave his motherland.

1830165438+1one day in October, the Vistula River was filled with thin fog. Chopin, 20, bid farewell to his relatives and left the capital Warsaw by carriage. In the suburbs, the carriage was suddenly stopped by a large group of people. It turns out that Chopin's teacher eisner and his classmates came to see him off. They stood by the roadside, singing eisner's farewell song "Even if you are far away" specially written for Chopin. Eisner held Chopin's hand tightly and said, "Son, wherever you go, don't forget your motherland!" " Chopin moved and nodded. At this time, Eisner once again raised the glittering silver cup and said to Chopin affectionately: "This is the soil of the motherland Poland. This is our special gift for you. Please accept it! " Chopin couldn't bear it any longer, and tears of excitement filled his eyes. He solemnly took the silver cup filled with dirt from the teacher, looked back at the distant flower sand city, then boarded the carriage and galloped away.

Just a few days after he left his motherland, an uprising against Russian rule broke out in Warsaw. However, soon, the uprising failed. Chopin was heartbroken at the news. He turned his passion into notes and wrote the famous Revolutionary March. The inspiring melody shows the cry and struggle of the Polish people.

Chopin misses his motherland day and night. He devoted the pain of national subjugation and worries about the future of the motherland to his own music creation. He encourages himself to work, work and work again. He often shuts himself in a dark room, lights a candle, composes music and plays the piano all night. Time is passing, but he has no idea of time at all.

Chopin lived in Paris, France 18 years. Chopin ran around for his motherland and his livelihood. Fatigue and anxiety made Chopin's original tuberculosis relapse again. 1849, 10 This month, he finally lay in the hospital bed. On his deathbed, Chopin held his sister Ludwika's hand tightly and murmured, "When I die, please take my heart back. I want to sleep in the underground of my motherland. "

Chopin died in a foreign country with the hatred of national subjugation. He is only 39 years old.