1. Kunqu Opera, also known as "Kunqu Opera" and "Kunqu Opera", is an ancient opera. It originated in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, and became popular after the middle of the Ming Dynasty. At that time, Kunqu opera was mostly used to sing legendary dramas. In addition to maintaining the characteristics of early Kunqu Opera, Nankun has also formed many branches throughout the country, such as Kunyi, Xiangkun and Chuankun in the north. Kunqu Opera, with its beautiful and gentle style, delicate and lyrical performance, singing and dancing, and rigorous program, is the representative of China classical operas. 2. High-pitched tune is a general term for a traditional Chinese opera vocal system. It was originally called "Yiyang Opera" or "Yi Opera" because it originated in Yiyang, Jiangxi. It is characterized by simple performance, popular lyrics, high-pitched and exciting singing, one person singing while everyone is in harmony, and only golden drums are used to beat the festival without orchestral accompaniment. Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, it has spread from Jiangxi to all parts of the country, and has formed different styles of high-pitched tunes in various places, such as Sichuan Opera, xiang opera Opera and Gan Opera. 3. Bangzi Opera Bangzi Opera is a general term for a traditional opera vocal system. It originated from the "Shan-Shan Bangzi" at the junction of Shanxi and Shaanxi, and is characterized by high-pitched and vigorous singing and clapping with wooden bangers. Then, it developed eastward and southward, forming different forms of Bangzi cavity in different areas, such as Shanxi Bangzi, Hebei Bangzi, Henan Bangzi and Shandong Bangzi. 4. Peking Opera Peking Opera, also known as "Pihuang", consists of two basic tones: "Xipi" and "Erhuang". It also sings some local small tunes (such as Liuzi Opera and Blowing Opera) and Kunqu Qupai. It was formed in Beijing around 184 and prevailed in the 193s and 194s. It was sometimes called "national drama". Now it is still a big drama with national influence. It is a representative of modern China opera, with its comprehensive business, mature performance and magnificent momentum. 5. Pingju Pingju was formed in the late Qing Dynasty on the basis of the ditty "Counterpart Lotus Falling" in Luanxian County, Hebei Province. It was first popular in rural areas of Hebei Province and then entered Tangshan, which was called "Tangshan Luozi". It was popular in Northeast China around the 192s, and a number of actresses appeared. After 193s, Pingju became more and more mature under the influence of Peking Opera and Hebei Bangzi, and schools such as Bai Yushuang, Xi Cailian and Ai Lianjun appeared. Since 195, plays such as Liu Qiaoer, Flowers as Media, Yang Sanjie's Complaining and Qin Xianglian have had great influence in China, and famous actors such as Xin Fengxia, Xiao Bai Yushuang and Wei Rongyuan have appeared. Now Pingju is still popular in Hebei and Beijing. 6. Hebei Bangzi Hebei Bangzi, that is, Bangzi Opera, which is popular in Hebei and Beijing, originated from Shanshan Bangzi at the junction of Shanshan and Shaanxi, spread to Hebei via Shanxi, and was formed by combining Hebei and Beijing dialects. It keeps the characteristics of bangbangqiang, sings loudly and violently, and is good at performing tragic plots. Hebei Bangzi's famous plays include Butterfly Cup, Yuanmen Chop Zi, Du Shiniang, etc. 7. Shanxi Opera, also known as "Zhonglu Bangzi", developed from Shanshan Bangzi at the junction of Shanxi and Shaanxi to Shanxi, and was formed by combining the language characteristics of Shanxi. Now it is popular in central Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Hebei. It keeps the characteristics of clapping with clapping, and its musical style is not only high-pitched, but also gentle and delicate. The performance is popular and simple. Famous plays include "Golden Branch", "Little Banquet" and "Selling Paintings to Split the Door". 8. Pu Opera Pu Opera, also known as "Puzhou Bangzi", was developed from Shanshan Bangzi at the junction of Shanxi and Shaanxi, which is the original Shanshan Bangzi. Now it is popular in the southwest of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan, and it is similar to Shaanxi in sound cavity, and the language is also Shaanxi dialect. Famous plays include Hanging Paintings, Killing Dogs and Killing Post Stations. 9. Shangdang Bangzi Shangdang Bangzi, one of the four major bangzi in Shanxi, was developed from Puzhou Bangzi in southwest Shanxi and is popular in Shangdang area in southeast Shanxi. Besides Bangzi, its vocal cavity also sings Kunqu Opera, Pihuang Opera and Luoluo Opera. Plays include "Three Customs Banquets" and "Dongmenhui". 1. Wild Goose Opera, also known as "North Road Bangzi", developed from "Puzhou Bangzi" and is popular in the northwest of the mountain, Zhangjiakou, Hebei and Inner Mongolia. It is said that it has a great influence on the formation of Hebei Bangzi. Plays include Bloody Handprints and Jinshui Bridge. 11. Shaanxi Opera, a local opera in Shaanxi Province, also known as "Shaanxi Bangzi", is the earliest Bangzi Opera, which was formed in the mid-Ming Dynasty. His performance is rough and simple, his singing is loud and exciting, his voice is like a roar, and he is good at expressing tragic plots. The repertoires include Butterfly Cup, You Gui Shan, Three Drops of Blood and so on. 12. Errentai Errentai, a popular opera in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, was formed on the basis of Inner Mongolia folk songs and Shanxi folk tunes, and then gradually matured by absorbing the performance elements of Shanxi Opera. The performance is full of life and the lyrics are popular. Most of the plays are small plays that show rural life, such as "Walking West" and "Five Brothers Pasturing Sheep". 13. Jiju Jiju, a popular opera in Jilin Province. In 195s, it was developed on the basis of the "Errenzhuan" in Northeast China, with light tunes, popular words and expressions, simple and popular performances, and plays such as Selling Lines in Yan Qing and Bao Gong's Compensation. 14. Longjiang Opera Longjiang Opera, popular in Heilongjiang, was formed in the 195s on the basis of "Errenzhuan", pull-out opera, shadow play and local folk songs in Northeast China, with relaxed and humorous performances and popular lyrics. Plays include Shuang Suoshan, Baoyu in the Waste Hall, etc. 15. Henan Opera, also known as "Henan Bangzi". At the end of Ming Dynasty, Shaanxi Bangzi, which was introduced into Henan, was developed by combining Henan dialect and folk tunes, and now it is popular in Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong and other provinces. Originally, there were four major schools, namely, Eastern Henan, Western Henan, Xiangfu and Sha Hetiao. Now, Eastern Henan and Western Henan are the main schools. Chang Xiangyu, Chen Suzhen, Cui Lantian, Ma Jinfeng, Yan Lipin and other famous actresses have appeared. The repertoires include Mu Guiying in Command, Matchmaker, Hua Da Chao, Hua Zhuan Gun and modern drama Chaoyanggou. 16. Yuediao Yuediao, a local opera in Henan, is popular in Henan and northern Hubei. It is also called "four-stranded string" because it is the main accompaniment instrument. The music is mainly board cavity, and it also sings Qupai. Famous actors include Shen Fengmei. The repertoires include Jiang Wei, Li Tianbao's Briding, Zhuge Liang's Mourning, etc. 17. Henan Quju Henan Quju, a local opera in Henan Province, is popular in Henan Province and northwest Hubei Province and developed from the folk art "Henan Quzi". Singing softly and tactfully, he is good at tragic content. Plays include Juan Xi Tong, Chen Sanliang, Hua Ting Hui and so on. 18. Shandong Bangzi Shandong Bangzi, a local opera in Shandong Province, is popular in Heze, Shandong Province. Because of its ancient name "Cao Zhou", it is also called "Cao Zhou Bangzi". This bangzi system was formed after changes from Shanshan Bangzi to Shandong via Henan. The main plays are "The Story of the Wall". 19. Lu Opera Lu Opera, a local opera in Shandong Province, is popular in central Shandong and Jiangsu and Henan provinces. At the beginning of the 2th century, it was developed from the folk rap art "Shandong Qinshu" and was named "Lu Opera" in 195. The performance of Lu Opera is full of life flavor, popular and simple, with simple singing tunes and easy learning and singing. Therefore, Lu Opera has a great influence in the vast rural areas. Plays include Wang Dingbao's Loan, Sister-in-law Xian and modern drama Li Er's wife remarried. 2. Huai Opera Huai Opera, a local opera in Jiangsu Province, is popular in Jiangsu, Shanghai and Anhui. It originated from Jiangsu folk drama, and then absorbed the artistic factors of Huizhou opera and gradually developed and matured. His performance is rough and simple. The repertoires include traditional dramas, such as Nvshen, Three Women Grab the Board, and a new drama, Golden Dragon and Ephemera, etc. 21. Shanghai Opera, a local drama popular in Shanghai, originated from the folk songs in Pudong, Shanghai, and was later influenced by Suzhou Beach Spring. In 193s, it was performed in Shanghai in the form of civilized drama, and it was named Shanghai Opera. Most of the plays are modern themes, such as Crying and Laughing Marriage, Lohan Money, Ludang Fire and so on. 22, burlesque burlesque, popular in Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang and other places of drama. The "one-man show" originated in Shanghai, and later developed into a farce with complicated tunes and funny performances. The main repertoires are San Mao's Students' Intention and 123 quick march. 23. Yue Opera Yue Opera is a local opera popular in Zhejiang. It originated from the "Du Ban" in Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province, and entered Shanghai around 1916 to perform in the name of "Shaoxing Literary Opera". First, it was dominated by actors, and then it became dominated by actresses. After 1938, the name "Yue Opera" was used. In 1942, the actress of Yue Opera headed by Yuan Xuefen reformed her performance and singing, absorbed the strengths of the performance art of Kunqu Opera, and formed a gentle and delicate performance style. There are many artistic schools such as Yuan (Xuefen) School, Yin (Gui Fang) School, Fan (Ruijuan) School, Fu (Quanxiang) School and Xu (Yulan) School. Yue Opera plays include Xianglinsao, butterfly lovers, A Dream of Red Mansions, Five Women Celebrating Birthdays, The West Chamber and so on. 24. Wu Opera Wu Opera is a local opera popular in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, also known as "Jinhua Opera". It is a multi-voice opera. Its vocal cavity is composed of Gao Qiang, Kunqu Opera, Tan Chun and Hui Diao, each with its own repertoire and performance characteristics. The repertoires include Monks and nuns' Meeting, Peony to Class, Broken Bridge, etc. 25. Shao Opera Shao Opera, a local opera popular in Shaoxing and Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, was formed in the late Ming Dynasty. Taking "357" and "Erfan" as the main vocal cavity, he is good at martial arts in performance, and his style is rough and simple. Plays include Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon, Long Hudou, Hanging Impermanence, etc. 26. Anhui Opera Anhui Opera, popular in Anhui, Jiangsu and other regions, was formed in the middle of the Qing Dynasty and is a multi-voice opera. The main voices are plucking, blowing and Erhuang, and also singing Kunqu Opera, Gaoqiang and Xipi. In 179, Huiban went to Beijing to celebrate the birthday of Qianlong, which later evolved into Peking Opera. Most of the plays are historical themes, such as "Seven Armies under Water" based on the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. 27. Huangmei Opera Huangmei Opera originated in Anhui and is popular in Anhui, Jiangxi and Hubei. Its predecessor was the tea-picking tune in Huangmei area, and after the middle of Qing Dynasty, it formed a folk opera called "Huangmei tune", which was sung in Anqing dialect. In 195s, under the reform of Yan Fengying and others, the performance became more and more mature and developed into a local drama in Anhui. Famous plays include "A Fairy Match", "Cowherd and Weaver Girl" and "Female Xu". 28. Fujian Opera Fujian Opera is a popular opera in Fujian. It rose in the middle of Ming Dynasty and basically took shape in Qing Dynasty, but on a smaller scale. At the beginning of the 2th century, the influence of Beijing Opera became larger and larger, and the vocal cavity was basically complete, including five kinds: funny cavity, foreign songs, Jianghu, minor and bange. Plays include Lian Yin and Swan Banquet. 29, Puxian Opera Puxian Opera, Fujian local opera, formerly known as "Xinghua Opera", was fully mature in the middle of the Ming Dynasty and was popular in Putian and Xianyou. The music is Qupai style, and the performance is quite ancient and elegant and lyrical. Plays include Zhang Xie's No.1 Scholar, After Reunion, Spring Grass Rushing into the Hall, etc. 3. Liyuan Opera Liyuan Opera, a kind of opera with a long history, can be regarded as a "living fossil" of opera. It has preserved many southern operas in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, such as Zhu Wen's Ghosts, Jing, Liu, Worship and Killing. After the 195s, Dong Sheng and Li Shi and Jie Fu Yin were edited and performed. 31. Gaojia Opera Gaojia Opera, popular in Jinjiang and Longxi areas of Fujian Province, originated in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, and later absorbed the performance factors and repertoire of Liyuan Opera, and gradually became a scale. In the 192s, influenced by Peking Opera, it gradually matured. It takes clowns as its main business, and its performance is like a puppet, which is very distinctive. Plays include "Continuous Promotion to Level 3" and "Jin Kuixing". 32. Gan Opera Gan Opera, popular in the northeast of Jiangxi Province, developed from Yiyang Opera in the Ming Dynasty, is a kind of opera composed of Yiyang Opera, Qingyang Opera, Kunqu Opera, Luantan Opera, etc. Plays include Dou E Yuan, Jing Chai Ji, Pearl Ji, Rebirth Ji and so on. 33. Tea-picking Opera Tea-picking Opera is a kind of opera popular in all parts of Jiangxi Province, which is mainly developed by combining the songs and songs sung by local tea farmers with folk songs and dances. Jiangxi tea-picking drama is divided into East, South, West, North and Middle, and has its own characteristics in performance. Plays include Sun Cheng Dajiu and so on. 34. Han Opera Han Opera generally refers to operas popular in Hubei, Henan, Shaanxi and other places. It originated in Hubei and was formerly called "Chu Tune" or "Han Tune". The main tune is Xipi Tune, which also sings Erhuang Tune. So far, it has a history of nearly 3 years. The main repertoires are Cosmic Front, Two Plums, Shentao University and so on. In addition, there are also Han operas in Changde, Hunan and Guangdong, all of which are multi-cavity operas, which are very different from those in Hubei. 35. xiang opera xiang opera, a local opera in Hunan Province, is popular in Changsha and Xiangtan. It originated from Yiyang Opera in the Ming Dynasty, and later absorbed Kunqu Opera and Pihuang Opera, forming a multi-cavity opera including high-pitched, low-brand, Kunqu Opera and random play. Plays are mainly high-pitched and random, such as Pipa, White Rabbit and Moon Worship. 36. Qi Opera Qi Opera, also known as "Qiyang Opera", is popular in Qiyang and Shaoyang, Hunan Province. It originated from Yiyang Opera in the Ming Dynasty, and its vocal cavity is mainly high-pitched, and it also sings Kunqu opera and plays opera. The repertoires include Biography of Mu Lian, Biography of Jing Zhong, Master's Play, Guanyin Play, etc. 37. Hunan Flower Drum Opera Hunan Flower Drum Opera is a general term for flower drums and lantern operas all over Hunan, including Changsha Flower Drum, Yueyang Flower Drum, Changde Flower Drum, Hengyang Flower Drum and Shaoyang Flower Drum. They have different stage languages and formed their own styles. The performance of Huagu Opera is simple, cheerful and lively, with niche, xiaodan and clown as its main trades, and it is good at using towels of fans. Plays include "Bird Shooting" and "Chopping firewood with bangs". 38. Cantonese Opera Cantonese Opera is popular in Cantonese-speaking areas such as Guangdong, Hong Kong and Southeast Asia. Formed in the early Qing Dynasty, it was formed by the combination of high-pitched, Kunqu, Pihuang and Bangzi imported from other places and local folk music. Music is both a board cavity and a musical style. Plays include Search Academy and Guan Hanqing. Chaozhou Opera Chaozhou Opera is popular in Shantou, southern Fujian and Taiwan Province. Mainly influenced by Yiyang Opera, Kunqu Opera and Han Opera imported from other places, it was formed in the middle of Ming Dynasty, and many works of Song and Yuan Dynasties were preserved in the repertoire, such as Chen Sanwu Niang, Sweeping the Window, Lulin Hui and so on. 4. Guangxi Opera Guangxi Opera, popular in northeastern Guangxi and southern Hunan, was formed in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Its singing style is mainly skin yellow, and it also sings Kunqu Opera, High-pitched Opera and Blowing Opera. Plays include "Grab an Umbrella", "Pick up a Jade Bracelet" and "The Edge of the Cabinet", etc. 41. The original name is "Tidiao" or "Picking Tea", which is popular in Guangxi. Formed on the basis of local folk songs and dances, it has a history of nearly 2 years and was named "Caidiao" in 1955. Its performance is free and lively, full of life breath. The most famous play is Third Sister Liu. 42. Zhuang Opera Zhuang Opera, popular in Guangxi, Yunnan and other Zhuang inhabited areas, is divided into South Road and North Road. The former originated from the local "bench play", and its main plays are Wenlong and Shawnee. The latter originated from the "Double Spring Play", and its main play is "Treasure Hulu". 43. Sichuan Opera Sichuan Opera, a local opera in Sichuan Province, is popular in Sichuan and its surrounding areas. It consists of Kunqu Opera, Gaoqiang Opera, Huqin Opera, Tanxi Opera and Dengxi Opera, each with its own repertoire. Sichuan opera sings loudly and excitedly.