Vienna

The goddess of the Danube - Vienna, the capital of Austria

The world-famous city - Vienna, the capital of Austria, is located in the Vienna Basin at the northern foot of the Alps in northeastern Austria It is surrounded by mountains on three sides, the Danube River runs through the city, and is surrounded by the famous Vienna Woods. Area is 414.5 square kilometers. The population is 1.563 million (2000)), accounting for more than one-fifth of the country's population. It is the political, economic and cultural center of Austria and the capital of Lower Austria. Railway hub from Western Europe to the Balkans, Danube Port.

It was a Celtic settlement in BC. In the 1st century AD, the Romans built a castle here. It was first recorded as "Vinya" in 881 AD. It became a handicraft and commercial center in the 12th century. It was the capital of the Habsburg dynasty from the end of the 13th century to 1918, and later the capital of Austria. In 1137, it became the capital of the Principality of Austria. At the end of the 13th century, with the rise of the Habsburg royal family, it developed rapidly and magnificent Gothic buildings sprung up. After the 15th century, it became the capital of the Holy Roman Empire and the economic center of Europe. In the 18th century, during the reign of Maria Teresia and her son, they were keen on reforms, combated the power of the church, promoted social progress, and brought about the prosperity of art. Vienna gradually became the center of European classical music and gained the reputation of "Music City" . Since 1945, it has been managed by the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France. After the signing of the peace treaty with Austria in 1955, the armies of the four countries retreated.

Vienna is known as the "Goddess of the Danube". The environment is beautiful and the scenery is alluring. Mild in winter and cool in summer. The Vienna Forest Mountains, a branch of the Eastern Alps, stretch in the western suburbs and are covered with green forests. To the west of the mountain is a gorgeous residential area surrounded by gardens and vineyards. The Danube River runs through the city, with green water, beautiful mountains and picturesque scenery. Climbing to the foothills of the Alps to the west of the city, you can have a panoramic view of the undulating "Vienna Woods"; to the east of the city, facing the Danube Basin, you can overlook the shining green peaks of the Carpathian Mountains. The broad grassland in the north is like a huge green tapestry, with the sparkling blue Danube River meandering through it. The houses are built along the mountain slope, with multiple buildings and buildings, and clear layers. Looking from afar, church buildings of various styles cast an ancient and solemn color on this city with green mountains and clear waters. The streets in the city are in a radiating ring shape, 50 meters wide, and the inner city is within the ringed avenue lined with trees. The cobblestone streets in the inner city are criss-crossed, with few high-rise buildings and mostly Baroque, Gothic and Romanesque buildings. The spiers of the medieval St. Stephen's Cathedral and the Twin Towers Church tower into the clouds, and its south tower is 138 meters high, overlooking the city. Chambrunn Palace was the summer palace of the Habsburg Dynasty, with Greek-style buildings, statues and fountains. There is a large park on the island between the Danube River and the Danube Canal. The National Opera House, built in 1869, is known as the world opera center. The 57-meter-wide and 4-kilometer-long Ring Road built in 1857 is lined with important buildings such as museums, city hall, parliament, universities, and the National Opera House, making it one of the most beautiful urban thoroughfares in Europe. There is an intermediate layer between the ring road and another parallel ring road. This area is a commercial area, a residential area, and there are also palaces, churches, etc. built in between. Outside the second ring road is the outer layer. There are elegant parks, beautiful villas and other palace buildings in the west of the city. Among these many palaces, the Sch?nbronn Palace located in the southwest of the city attracts attention. This is a relic of the prosperous period in Austria's history. The "Belvedere Palace" in the southeast of the city was built by Prince Eugen during the early 18th century when Emperor Karl made great achievements in resisting the Turkish invasion. The tourism industry is developed. The northeastern suburbs and southern suburbs are industrial zones with sectors such as metallurgy, machinery, automobiles, railway vehicles, and chemicals. Clothing and printing output account for more than half of the country's total.

The name of Vienna has always been connected with music. Many music masters, such as Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, John Strauss and his sons, Greuk and Brahms have spent many years of their music careers here. Haydn's "Emperor Quartet", Mozart's "The Marriage of Figaro", Beethoven's "Symphony of Destiny", "Pastoral Symphony", "Moonlight Sonata", "Eroica", Schubert's "Swan" "Song", "Winterreise", Johann Strauss's "Blue Danube", "Story of the Vienna Woods" and other famous music were born here. Their statues stand in many parks and squares, and many streets, auditoriums, and conference halls are named after these musicians. The musician's former residence and cemetery are visited and paid homage to by people all year round.

Today, Vienna has the world's most luxurious state opera house, a famous music hall and a first-class symphony orchestra. The New Year's Concert is held on January 1 every year in the Golden Hall of the Vienna Music Friends Association.

In addition to New York and Geneva, Vienna is the third United Nations city. The Austrian International Center, also known as the "United Nations City", was built in 1979. It is majestic and is the gathering place for many United Nations agencies. It was once the seat of the central institution of the Habsburg dynasty that had long dominated Europe; in 1814, Austrian Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Metternich used cunning political tactics at the protracted Congress of Vienna; in 1815, the emperors of Russia, the United States, and Austria The so-called "Holy Alliance" was concluded in an effort to extinguish the bourgeois revolution; in 1848, under the influence of the European Revolution, a barricade war broke out in Vienna, and Metternich fled to London; in 1867, it became the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the dominant European power; in the early 1930s, , Hitler became the leader of the German Nazis. In March 1938, he led his army commanders into Vienna, which kicked off the Second World War. During the war, the whole city was bombed 53 times, and many classical buildings were destroyed; 1955 In May 1955, the Soviet Union, the United States, the United Kingdom, and France signed the Treaty on the Reconstruction of an Independent and Democratic Austrian State with Austria in the Belvedere Conference Hall, thus ending the 10-year occupation by the four countries; in October 1955 On September 16, the Austrian Parliament declared that constitutional laws were "permanently neutral" and this day was designated as National Day.

Austria is known as the "Heart of Europe", and Vienna is the "Heart of the Heart". Since ancient times, Vienna has been a transportation hub connecting Eastern and Western Europe and an important passage between the Baltic Sea and the Adriatic Sea.

Vienna - the capital of history and culture: Vienna is always full of colorful and attractive cultural programs. Whether it is classical music or modern drama, movies, dance productions or operas, musicals, art exhibitions or concerts and concerts - no matter when you come, you will be able to discover endless things and leave a deep impression. You can also sit leisurely and have a cup of coffee in the world-famous and atmospheric Vienna Café, or visit the first-class traditional wine farm (Heurige). In Vienna, you can also taste delicious and advanced cooking techniques from various European countries.

Vienna - the capital of music: For centuries music has been inseparable from Vienna and closely connected with it. It is the holy place that gave birth to musical geniuses Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert and Johann Strauss. Vienna's long musical heritage continues to this day. The world-famous Vienna Symphony Orchestra and Vienna Children's Choir always receive warm applause from packed audiences during their tours around the world. The Vienna Conservatoire continues to produce musicians who stand out in the international music industry. In addition, Vienna's rich and active modern popular music stages and venues attract many young people. If you like music, Vienna is a place you won’t forget.

Historical Population

In the early 20th century, Vienna was once the sixth largest city in the world; Vienna’s population grew rapidly during the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867-1918), when Vienna There were many immigrants from other parts of the empire. After World War I, many Czechs returned to their homeland, which led to a depopulation of the city. During the following immigration period, approximately one-third of the population had Slavic and Hungarian surnames.