Nanyin, Quanzhou Beiguan, Quanzhou Breast Dance, Liyuan Opera, Gaojia Opera, etc.

1. Nanyin

Nanyin, also called "Xianguan" and "Quanzhou Nanyin", is the oldest existing ancient music in China. Immigrants from the Central Plains in the Han Dynasty, Jin Dynasty, Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty brought music culture into southern Fujian with Quanzhou as the center, and merged with local folk music, forming a cultural expression with the lingering charm of ancient music in the Central Plains-Nanyin. ?

Known as the "living fossil in the music history of China", it originated in Quanzhou, Fujian Province and was sung in Minnan dialect of Quanzhou, which is the oldest existing traditional ancient music in China. Nanyin's singing method retains the traditional and ancient national singing method before the Tang Dynasty, and its singer and performer's second creation is very arbitrary.

"Nanle" refers to the "string pipe", which is mainly played by the string of the bamboo flute, and was mostly called "string pipe" in ancient times. "Lang Jun's Music" and "Lang Jun's Singing" refer to the southern wind musicians who worship Meng Fu's Lang Jun as a god of music. There are also called "Jin Qu" and "Five Tones".

Nanyin originated in the pre-Qin Dynasty, flourished in the Tang Dynasty, and was formed in the Song Dynasty. It is one of the most primitive types of music in China. The performance of Nanguan kept its characteristics in the Tang and Song Dynasties. For example, the pipa, the dominant instrument in Nanguan, did not evolve with the times, but still kept its big belly and short neck in the Tang Dynasty, and it was still played with a horizontal arm.

Its music is mainly composed of three categories, namely "finger", "score" and "qu". It is a rich and complete ancient music in China, and it is also a masterpiece of human oral and intangible heritage.

on may 2th, 26, it was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

2. Quanzhou Beiguan

Beiguan, also known as Beiqu, Xiaoqu, Xiaoqu and Quzai, is a kind of traditional folk music that is widely spread in Quangang District, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province. China Beiguan is only distributed in Quanzhou now, so it is collectively called "Quanzhou Beiguan".

It is also called "sister flower" with Nanyin, a living fossil of ancient music, and is known as "the voice of the son of heaven". It belongs to the same kind of music as Beiguan in central Taiwan Province, Ryukyu Music in Japan and Beiguan in Southeast Asia.

in p>26, it was listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage by the State Council. In 214, Quangang District won the national title of "China Beiguan Music and Culture Hometown".

3, Quanzhou chest-beating dance

Chest-beating dance, also known as chest-beating, beating seven rings, beating flowers, beggar dance, etc., is a traditional dance that originated in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, and is widely spread in counties and districts along the southern coast of Fujian Province, as well as Zhangzhou, Xiamen, Taiwan Province and other regions.

Especially in Quanzhou, the figure of "chest-beating dance" can be seen everywhere, ranging from all kinds of major cultural activities organized by the government, large-scale literature and art stepping on the street, to gatherings and celebrations of various departments and units, village folk games in Lixiang, and even weddings, funerals and celebrations of ordinary people's homes.

"chest-beating dance" has become the most common, typical and representative traditional folk dance in Quanzhou and southern Fujian.

Quanzhou breast-beating dance is one of the most representative traditional folk dances in Fujian, and it is the remains of the dance of the Yue nationality in ancient Fujian. In 26, it was listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection list.

4. Liyuan Opera

Liyuan Opera is one of the traditional operas in Fujian Province. Liyuan Opera originated in Quanzhou during the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and together with the Southern Opera in Zhejiang, it is called "the voice of Fujian and Zhejiang", which is called "the living fossil of ancient Southern Opera".

Liyuan Opera is widely spread in Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Xiamen, Chaoshan, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan in Guangdong, as well as the residence of Minnan-speaking overseas Chinese in Southeast Asian countries.

Liyuan Opera is an ancient opera, and many southern operas and music are still preserved. In the forty-five years of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1566), there was a publication of "The Story of Li Jing", which showed that Liyuan Opera was popular at that time.

In the late Qing Dynasty, Gaojia Opera rose rapidly in Quanzhou, and Gezi Opera was also widely spread in Zhangzhou and Xiamen, and Dacheng Opera appeared with a new look. As a result, Liyuan Opera was severely challenged, and the number of class clubs was decreasing and the scope was shrinking. Even Liyuan Opera in Xiamen changed to singing Gezi Opera. In the late 184s, Liyuan Opera was on the verge of extinction.

There are two types of Liyuan Opera: the big one and the small one, and the big one is divided into "On the Road" and "Down to the South". Each of the three schools has its own "Eighteen Tents" (reserved plays) and special singing tunes.

in the song dynasty, the provinces were called Lu, and the provinces in southern Fujian and Zhangzhou were called Shang, so "Shang" drama refers to the operas imported from Zhejiang.

its repertoire is relatively old, and many scripts of southern operas are preserved, such as Cai Boyi, Wang Kui, Wang Shipeng, Zhu Maichen, Liu Wenlong, Sun Rong and Zhu Wen (namely Zhu Wen Taiping Qian), and there are some scripts such as Giving Embroidery and Serious Tolerance.

On May 2th, 26, Liyuan Opera was approved by the State Council and included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

5. Gaojia Opera

Gaojia Opera, a local traditional drama in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, is one of the national intangible cultural heritages.

Gaojia Opera, also known as "Gejia Opera", "Jiujiao Opera", "Daban Opera" and "Tuban Opera", originated in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, and originated from a popular costume parade in the rural areas of southern Fujian in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, in which Liangshan heroes were dressed up and martial arts techniques were performed.

There are more than 9 traditional operas of Gaojia Opera, and the performances can be divided into three categories: Atmospheric Opera (Ting Opera and Martial Arts Opera), Embroidered House Opera and Ugly Dan Opera.

The roles of Gaojia Opera used to be only raw, bold and ugly, and later they were added with two colors: clean, paste, foreign, final, north (clean) and miscellaneous. The performing arts of Gaojia Opera come from Liyuan Opera, Puppet Opera, Yiyang Opera, Huizhou Opera and Peking Opera.

The musical singing of Gaojia Opera is mainly Nanqu, with "puppet tune" and folk tunes; The musical instruments used in Gaojia Opera are divided into Wen and Wu Yue.

On May 2th, 26, Gaojia Opera was approved by the People's Republic of China and the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

Baidu Encyclopedia —— The First List of National Intangible Cultural Heritage