Friedrich Hunder wasser
Grizzly bear, a new international style, provided a style medicine in 198 1 to tighten the first exhibition of modern times, Memphis Group. For them, decoration and modeling are a game.
Because they said at the time that their purpose was to introduce colors and decorations in order to create objects and provide rich imagination and exciting research internally.
Function and ongoing rational design architecture have lost their appeal. Is ESS more inclined to simple aesthetics? Is the tone of this sentence more like that of a Nuo publishing house? What happened to the homogeneity of personality and imagination? Modernist design has produced social unity, that is, all buildings in the city look the same and are harmful.
Simple and square urban architecture with international style is becoming outdated, and more and more individualism is out of date. Belief in modern certainty-a single and orderly way, which has driven design for many centuries, and the parallel development of technology in the modern world is a challenge to postmodernism.
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Restoring rationality and personal expression appeared at the same time in the 1970s. In Barcelona, young Spanish designers performed again. With the post-modernism and playful rule, the self-mockery of the previous design style has become the style itself.
Javier Marisal, an original cartoonist and eccentric designer in developed countries, expressed irony and disrespect in his cartoons. 198 1 year, Sothas invited Memphis Group to design a beverage trolley. Ignoring the traditional function of human life, decorative art is used in his streamlined design, and the aerodynamic Marisal gives it a dynamic appearance of form and fashion to convey speed. This in turn leads customers to pursue the restaurant image of the car. ...
As a part of the development of post-modernism, the general transformation design is divorced from focusing on solving problems and improving, and strives to participate in imagination, creation, humor and visual stimulation more widely with the world.
Design has become synonymous with good taste and good consumption, calling for internationalization rather than nationalization; Trade exhibitions, such as this new international style cultivated in Milan for three years, combine the simple form of Bauhaus style with forms from all over the world.
The geometric Bauhaus style was inspired by minimalism from 60 to 70 years old, and the overthrown simplified form was 50 years old. Pop design is a concept of reaction to food? Designs issued by modernist architects and designers. Although fashion focuses on the intersection between foods? Afraid of advertising? Design and use popular images in cartoons and advertisements (such as signs of consumer culture), other minimalist design trends and OP modern art theory continue to follow more extreme geometric lines.
In Italy, the design and development movement is fundamentally anti-design, and they are more revolutionary than just style innovation. They appeared at the time of mass strikes and student riots in Europe. Its design concept is a mixed philosophy, art form and industrial production. Refusing to accept aesthetics, and then promoting design, technology and function in Italy, these groups accept medals and use them to inspire new meanings in the objects they produce.
1976, Studio Archimia was established in Milan (Alchemy: Transformation of Basic Metals and Gold). In the late 1960s, Archimia further developed the popular trend of anti-design, created mediocre conceptual design ideas and spread them to exhibitions and publications. They think that design is superficial, and they play the game of decoration as a subversive attack on the universal concept of food taste? Group consumers refused to rule out any mass production of their designs because they thought it was a mediocre quantity.
With the mediocrity of mysticism and modernism in daily life, Archimia Studio gained international exposure at 1980 Venice Biennale. Its members include Etososotsas and Alessandro Medini, who are editors of Modo magazine (design magazine) and chief theorists of the Group of 77.
Medini, Alessandro
Proust armchair
Medini woke up the armchair? It is the first group of inspiration designs to March into kitsch and mediocrity. Reproduce a typical armchair strategist, and through surface decoration, Medini becomes a wonderful flower in some form. The chairman is an ordinary object, becoming kitsch or beautiful, assuming that the taste is good or bad. Clever association has ulterior motives through the title of the work. Wake up? Referring to Proust, a French writer at the turn of the century, he suggested that time is constantly changing, and the past is regarded as a relevant book. Only in this way can we understand time through intuitive memory.
Medini's hand-painted fabric covers his chair pattern, which reminds people of impressionist brushwork, suggesting that it was invalid and written in Proust's time. This model is also compared to a representative writer because of his famous impressionist painting series.
The concept of time is constantly changing, and taking the past as the relevant basis is a major feature of postmodernism. The combination of past and modern design styles with materials and viewpoints has established an inspiring and sometimes noisy anarchy of mixed styles.
The new movement directly challenges the simplicity of modernism, restores history as the theme, and redecorates it, combining it with dynamic new art forms. Nowadays, the fashionable places are bright plastic plates, expensive wood skins and visual effects of mixed materials.
Archizoom office
Dream bed 1967
Archizoom, another group, draws inspiration from surrealism, fantasy furniture design and prospective environment to get rid of the top priority of current design and consumerism and the style of indoor stadium?
Their contemporary Superstudio rejected the idea of designing an environment and proposed an empty room to give residents maximum flexibility.
With the mediocrity of mysticism and modernism in daily life, Archimia Studio gained international exposure at 1980 Venice Biennale. Its members include Etososotsas and Alessandro Medini, who are editors of Modo magazine (design magazine) and chief theorists of the Group of 77.
Medini, Alessandro
Proust armchair
Medini woke up the armchair? It is the first group of inspiration designs to March into kitsch and mediocrity. Reproduce a typical armchair strategist, and through surface decoration, Medini becomes a wonderful flower in some form. The chairman is an ordinary object, becoming kitsch or beautiful, assuming that the taste is good or bad. Clever association has ulterior motives through the title of the work. Wake up? Referring to Proust, a French writer at the turn of the century, he suggested that time is constantly changing, and the past is regarded as a relevant book. Only in this way can we understand time through intuitive memory.
Medini's hand-painted fabric covers his chair pattern, which reminds people of impressionist brushwork, suggesting that it was invalid and written in Proust's time. This model is also compared to a representative writer because of his famous impressionist painting series.
The concept of time is constantly changing, and taking the past as the relevant basis is a major feature of postmodernism. The combination of past and modern design styles with materials and viewpoints has established an inspiring and sometimes noisy anarchy of mixed styles.
The new movement directly challenges the simplicity of modernism, restores history as the theme, and redecorates it, combining it with dynamic new art forms. Nowadays, the fashionable places are bright plastic plates, expensive wood skins and visual effects of mixed materials.
Archizoom office
Dream bed 1967
Archizoom, another group, draws inspiration from surrealism, fantasy furniture design and prospective environment to get rid of the top priority of current design and consumerism and the style of indoor stadium?
Their contemporary Superstudio rejected the idea of designing an environment and proposed an empty room to give residents maximum flexibility.
The furniture, articles and similar household items that you continue to design are not life to solve problems, nor is it life itself? Beautification is enough to make up for the damage caused by the wrong human and animal buildings, so he is increasingly divorced from these design activities, perhaps through technology to restore the general process with minimal efforts. ? /I "
They suggest abolishing the commodity-based culture and seeing that the future cities, anonymous, standardized and endless structures, will be scattered on this planet. They don't want to be named. The concept of future design expresses structural patterns in their exhibitions, such as rectangular lines, plywood and cardboard, and plastic and silk covered with regular checkered patterns. These synthetic furniture lack individuality, personal design or decoration.
Kyle Poirot Ghianni
teapot
These early groups, who left behind mysterious theories and history, set up a design studio called emphis. As a commercial enterprise, it sells internationally. Grizzlies was established to provide an alternative, but modern aesthetic functional design has reached a dead end. The group had a great influence in the first exhibition of 198 1.
The popular culture (Elvis Presley is in Memphis) and ancient culture (the center of early Egyptian civilization is in Memphis) mentioned in the name of grizzly bear.
Suitable for their names, their crazy antagonistic associations, they explore the aesthetic and symbolic value of color with vivid color contrast, symbolism and surface decoration. They explore the influence of different materials and different shape combinations; And often once. Their design is simple and children's toys are influenced by their bright colors and patterns.
Design is no longer considered as a whole, but a part of a whole. We pay more attention to the content and identify an object rather than the object itself. ?
Sottsas designed a new impetus through Memphis, turning Italy into the center of post-modernism movement and attracting designers from all over the world. In the eyes of pop art, classicism, decorative art and any other designers, the style of grizzly bears has great influence. However, grizzly bears have never been a single sport. On the contrary, extensive communication is the goal of a group of designers.
The combination of main colors enhances the contrast and influence to the maximum extent, and the patterns and popular graphics of plastic composite materials are copied into festivals and toy-like aesthetics, becoming the most Memphis-featured products.
Sottsas thinks that the object of function and utility is secondary, because he thinks that design is to put abstract concepts into practice. He says that objects should be regarded as direct ideal projects.
Zheng de meitian
floor lamp
Zheng Tian, a famous industrial designer, created award-winning designs such as Braun and Olivetti until he joined Memphis Group and changed his style at 198 1.
He comments and designs Japanese industrial city culture through humor and symbolic Memphis culture, which is the humanistic spirit of comics.
In his design, where does Mimi stand? The lamp became a sculpture, and its function was almost accidental. The base is the appearance of animal sculpture, while the light source retains the antique shadows reminiscent of functional style, creating a single-phase combination of images and stimulating imagination. Lightly generating function objects seems to be secondary, it seems.
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Although grizzly bears create exhibitions and exclusive experimental works on the edge of avant-garde design, the industrialized and mass-produced market is one of the most interactive designers and societies.
Mario Bei Lini's design highlights geometric advantages? In the 1970s, it was shaped like an Olivetti typewriter, which was also made by Yamaha for electronic music equipment. At the same time, he wraps an object with rubber or plastic film to provide a more organic object feeling. The hard disk with a small calculator is packed in a rubber rafter? Make the machine popular and tactile.
He did the same thing to his cab chair, including a simple steel frame chair and a compressed leather interior. He created a simple shape, glowing colors and warm leather, and personalized the essence of modern chairs with organic skin.
Mario Bei Lini
Wengda external shelves
In the mid-1980s, he designed Onda's external shelves in Bei Lini, the ideas in a research report, and the architectural methods and furniture design. Is he trained as an architect? Does he think this background is extremely important for industrial design, and is it the best training to instill an understanding of life and living culture?
Luigi Klanyi retains a streamlined style, using organic designs, cameras, future cars and domestic products. He caters to his own style. Hydrodynamic? This form is a drop shape designed for people in their thirties.
In his view, retinopathy of prematurity Tea set, the smallest appearance cover of Klanyi and the recessed handle in the teapot body. This realizes a clean image, smoothes the outline of tears, and allows the pot to be close to its center of gravity, so it is easy to pour.
Richard Sapper is a well-trained engineer. In 1960s, he made some black 12 TVs designed with Kyle Polo Zanuso. These TVs were designed to be easy to store when not in use, and looked quite sleek cubes. Because the appearance of blank TV screens is considered disturbing and disturbing, they are encapsulated in a transparent tube, and only when it is opened does it show a black plastic tube.
Tizio desk lamp designed by Sapper replaced spring scale and balance weapon in the early 1970s.
Unlike previous balance lamps, his Tizio Sapper design has the minimum weight and mass. This brightness, combined with low-pressure halogen bulbs, produces a compact and concentrated light source. The low-voltage power supply lamp also saved him the closed-circuit light bulb, and the weapon itself has the basis of current transformer. Just like his TV, this lamp shows the lowest visual effect before it is turned on.
richard sapper
Kettle for boiling water
In the 1980s, he created a strong visual appearance for IBM computer products. He also designed a kettle to carry the steam train. The brass whistle sounds a bit like a steam locomotive with a whistle, and the high-tech appearance of the whole kettle is reminiscent of the design in the 1970s.
The kettle designed by Michael Graves also placed a plastic bird flow, which he said created a narrative element and a bright red plastic bird flow loan with a sense of humor, otherwise common kitchen utensils. His stainless steel kettle is mass-produced, and its shape is classical. The decoration and design near the base is a circle and a cone.
Otto, an Austrian architect and designer and researcher of Matteo, joined Grizzlies at the beginning of Sosas, only to find that his output was limited. As the exclusive product of Memphis in the market, the product is expensive and needs an exquisite and appreciative fashion, and lacks an attitude in the mass market.
But in Memphis, he formulated guiding principles to find all the objects inherent in fables or different meanings and various associations. The products designed by Thun introduce novels and functions. He catered to his own style:
Mattheo Thun, who is used to comic fables, uses metaphors to enlarge it. ? /I "
Matou toon
Kettle for boiling water
In order to create products for the mass market, he set up his own studio in Milan in 1984, and cooperated with international design companies such as Alessi and Swatch. He wants to design a larger and more general audience. He doesn't care about design in the sense, but what do you want to buy?
The design of his furniture and household utensils follows Bauhaus's metal derivative principle in form and perceptual appearance, function and seriousness.
As a designer facing the mass market, Thun focuses on the surface treatment of products to improve the quality of poetry objects.
For him, these products are not only simple daily necessities, but also represent the media.
Hans Hallein, another Austrian and architect, is the most talented post-modern architect and designer. He showed his furniture and many interesting styles in Memphis, and Rhein focused on the design of communication power supply. Fascinated by the aircraft carrier, he designed a tea cart as ... well, the aircraft carrier ... teapot and other items to prepare for takeoff.
He designed Marilyn sofa Poltronova in 1985, giving it the style of decorative art in the era of Qing Wu Bo in Hollywood? It's an association and a halo of movie stars.
Mixing bold colors, shapes and materials to make objects shows a fascination with classicism. Rheinland cooperates with a series of associations. Postmodernism seems to mean anything in any style, as long as it is not a classic Oxford-like thing from that period. The war between modernism.
Carlos Riat
Chairman Desnuda
Carlos Riart has created whimsical and sometimes anthropomorphic designs, such as his Desnuda chair, which means a person's existence (as in symbolic art). His inspiration comes from many different sources:
The subtle system construction of Japanese art; The so-called functional style index; Symmetry of neoclassicism; Fuzziness of new art; Materials used for advertising; Tantric skin color; New space plastic projection: magic crystal as psychological energy. ?
Brass ridges and brass objects above the railway? With the light blue metallic frame and informal straddle stretcher, it is now softer and more subtle, weakening the simple form and hard metal chair.
Dong Cang turned to design alchemy, using wood and metal. His design conveys the influence and impression of softness and lightness, especially on the steel wire mesh material he uses.
Dongzangyou
How to Gao Wen
He used ordinary industrial materials in interior design and furniture and transformed them into rich and poetic forms.
How high is the moon in his armchair? He made it from expanded steel wire mesh, and then painted it with paint containing nickel or copper to make it spark. The high reflectivity material makes it soluble in light and minimizes its indoor influence.
By adding grids and welds in the warehouse, the ventilation network with accurate welding can be built into a series of undefined boundaries of intersecting aircraft. Its effect is a series of intersections; Obvious weightlessness, unlimited target size. The chairman seems to be floating, just like the moon on the horizon.
When asked if he used materials, he dominated his design. Cang said that he thought the first design:
As long as I think, I think the materials are on the roadside, and the available information is collected into daily life. ? Ba "
Italy attracted international designer Memphis, while in other parts of the world, other designers created anti-modernism, eclectic and colorful furniture.
robert venturi
Sheraton Chairman
At the end of June, robert venturi regarded Las Vegas in the United States as a new design model, and introduced the roadside signs in its culture as a modern vocabulary.
He created colorful furniture Noel, all kinds of post-modern chairs, and recalled the history of modern people hosting Del. Often in bright screen printing mode, colors reflect the style of grizzly bear, as well as screen printing Andy Warhol.
Chairs rely on their contours and printed patterns to create their own personality, which is made of other simple bent plywood. Like the stage set, the chairs look good from the front, but they are displayed from the side, in the form of simple thin plywood. Venturi chair embodies the post-modern characteristics. Other design styles show his furniture as props for deeper thoughts and meanings.
Philippe Stark, a famous French designer in the early 1980s, designed the rooms of the Elysee Palace, combining the decoration style with the artist's sound engineering feeling. He wittily mentioned that whales with tails asked to change the clock design of Wayle II.
He said that the work of intellectual knowledge:
Oxytocin is minimal, such as Scandinavia, not serious, such as Germany, not tight, such as Spain, not creative, such as Italy. France can only claim that quality thinking and balanced goals have this French quality for my work. ? /I "
The desk lamp he designed in the late 1980s is an element, in which the images of bullfighting and shadow juggling in the shape of the Horn of Africa are mentioned. And eternal, because it seems to have reached Captain Nemo's terrace (the bottom of the 20000 Alliance).
With the increase of designers, design comfort and ergonomics have become more and more concerned environmental issues. Inspire the design of the world's ecological environment, wildlife and health problems, explore new methods, and play a full role.
Norwegian designers Peter hops and Hans Christian Mengshoel designed a series of ergonomic chairs in scientific research on comfortable seats, which made the nanny lift her knees. In 1979, Balanz chair made of light metal and wood can swing, thus eliminating back pain and promoting blood circulation, which is allowed by muscle exercise. This design and other furniture led by Norway are spreading.
Niels Hay Divry Ente was a model maker in Eero Saarinen, and later helped Henry develop his riverside mannequin. Learn ergonomic design, become a standard word designer and design-related problems, people? Convenient.
He concentrated on his seat and sat down. People have to stay in the same place for a while, especially in traffic and offices. In his view, many modern furniture does not aim at comfort, so that the new chair looks like a bent steel design, which makes it difficult for people to sit in it.
There is no perfect chairman here. The chairman is his best only for a few hours, and then you should stand up. Perfect chair, bed ? /I "
Niels str
Jefferson armchair
Diffrient believes that the role of designers is that some people think that people who live in a way can imagine how to improve them. Although this concept has the following functions? It is out of date, because it represents the desire of modern people to replace unnecessary decorations and parts. Diffrient said that it is essential to understand the form of an object and reveal its function, and it will be effective as a design. Not as the object of stylistic discovery mechanism, but as a way to ensure the product function and its predetermined environment.
He said that this shows a deeper role, and designers are not superficial in manipulating fashion modeling. Maybe in Memphis?
Jasper morrison began to design furniture in Britain in 1980s, and the creation of furniture was practical and successful. His works have an underestimated expectation, which reflects his aim to produce habitable furniture in an appropriate way by using simple materials, such as plywood and fabrics. He focuses on the combination of basic materials, not other accessories, and his goal is to design modern life. When it comes to plywood, he said:
Starting with a plus sign "T", the use of cheap material "T" is upgraded. Generally speaking, I tried to achieve a very moderate shape on its material, instead of screaming loudly. ? /I "
Instead, Allard let the furniture express metal, glass and concrete. Inspired by links? During the British movement in the late 1970s and 1980s, he used industrial materials and rubbish, such as old car seats and medical equipment, to form disposable experimental furniture designed and manufactured by the company.
His initial goal was to produce low-cost customized designs, emphasizing recycling, novelty and invention. In one of his seats, Rover and its subsidiary are on a metal skeleton. Ironically, it requires more than static components. Madam President, he mentioned that this is his English? To celebrate what he thinks is Britain's love for their cars. In this one, the nanny can enjoy comfortable leather seats, but the crowd is scattered.
Arad
Strict family series
Using welded steel pipes and other materials, Allard proposed armchairs and chairs, and used elastic steel to collect simple and eccentric chairs. He called the chair to Trick's house? Series, depicting different families, personal design in his personality, avoids the unified and anonymous appearance of modern style of metal furniture.
His series of armchairs are hollow, and the form of welded steel pipes imitates the free modeling of traditional round upholstered furniture. His furniture is primitive and futuristic, and the design is comfortable, while creating a difficult and indomitable surface of appearance and aura, although some chairs are covered with materials to give them a soft appearance.
After welding the chairs together, Allard made a pattern through a series of freehand sketches, and used the torch by hand, so he changed the shape of the same pattern to a different one. When he welded different works together, so that everyone or the Northeast? Chairman.
As creases and irregular folds proliferate on highly reflective surfaces, his success in Allard aims to establish and break their expectations.
Does his specific sound system provide a new word for resonance to lock music? )
Chaos theory originated from science and is a series of incomprehensible random events in nature. For example, it has been suggested that a butterfly flapping its wings on a continent has certain influence on another weather pattern.
The puzzling connection of this theme and the obvious randomness of the natural world take over a neat metaphorical world in design, which is suitable for extensive and diversified direction design, followed by postmodernism.
Dongzangyou
How to Gao Wen
Design is no longer just a way to make objects function, but also includes ideological, cultural and social concerns. Inspired by the designer's ideas and the purpose of communication, it is the most important object itself.
Innovation is a designer who has been confused for a long time. He uses his work attitude and refuses to accept a single and orderly way. Through art history, movies and culture, designing visual shapes has become a design concept in the past and now. Various design movements in the 1990s reflected a wide range of tastes in an increasingly technical and specialized world. Postmodernism has left a legacy of more mature consumers, while design is often a strong decoration and absorbs the design history left over from the past.
Some basic functions are still obvious veto function and modernism. Curved and swinging lines are the main objects (cars, electronic products, etc. )-But all changes will happen. Design is online, and the idea of international communication can be direct and universal. What will lead to? Use a modem to find out the answer. ..
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