The development process of Chinese classical poetry:

Poetry is one of the great achievements of pre-Qin literature. Its development has gone through a long process from oral to written, from folk to court, from collective singing to literary creation. In the history of Chinese literature, the "Book of Songs" compiled in the Spring and Autumn Period is the earliest collection of poems in my country that can be seen now, with 305 chapters in one chapter. It was called "Shi" or "Three Hundred Poems" in ancient times. In terms of language syntax, it is basically four words per sentence. From a musical perspective, it is divided into three parts: "wind, elegance and song". There are three types of expression techniques: Fu, Bi and Xing. The emergence of the Book of Songs marks the completion of the development stage of poetry, the earliest literary form that occurred and developed in my country, from oral to written, from folk to court. In this sense, "The Book of Songs" is the glorious starting point of Chinese literature.

Following the "Book of Songs", in the fourth century BC, the Sao style poems of "Chu Ci" represented by Qu Yuan marked the emergence of a higher development stage of Chinese poetry from folk collective singing to independent creation by poets. . This new poetry, created by literati and with a distinctive Chu culture, has taken Chinese poetry a big step forward. Sao-style poetry breaks through the fixed format of four-character poems in the Book of Songs and develops into five-character and seven-character sentences. Not only can it better express thoughts and feelings, but its rhyme and rhythm are also more musical. In the pre-Qin era, the Book of Songs and the Songs of Chu stood side by side. They were the two towering pillars of realism and romanticism in the history of Chinese poetry. Their huge influence is immeasurable.

The Qin Dynasty was short, and the ideological rule was extremely harsh due to the burning of books and the entrapment of Confucian scholars. Therefore, only folk songs were spread mainly among the people. By the Han Dynasty, the literati and poetry circles of the Western Han Dynasty were quite lonely. Basically, it is a creation that simulates four-character and Sao style. Worth mentioning are Liu Bang's Sao style poem "Song of the Wind" written by Liu Bang in the early Han Dynasty, and Wei Meng's four-character "Satire of Remonstrance", etc. But in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the situation changed. Although Zhang Heng's "Poetry of Four Sorrows" was not completely free of the influence of Sao style, it already had a new atmosphere. Under the initiative of Ban Gu and Zhang Heng, literati in the Eastern Han Dynasty paid attention to learning Yuefu folk songs. The "Yuefu Poems", sung to match the music, directly inherited the realistic tradition of folk songs in the "Book of Songs" and more comprehensively and profoundly reflected the social life and people's thoughts and feelings at that time. It represents the highest achievement of Han Dynasty poetry. The poem "Ode to History" written by Ban Gu, a writer in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, adopts the five-character form. Later, Zhang Heng wrote "Song of the Same Voice" and Qin Jia wrote "Poems for Wife Remaining in the County", which further improved the skills of five-character poems. "Nineteen Ancient Poems" laid the foundation of five-character poetry. During the Jian'an period, due to the advocacy of Sancao Qizi, the situation of "Five Words Tengyu" was finally formed. The creation of seven-character poems is also being attempted.

Before the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the rhythm and rhyme of poetry had not yet formed a rule that everyone abides by. It was only up to the author to write according to his personal content needs and feeling of rhyme. In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, due to the influence of Sanskrit phonetics in Tianzhu, my country's phonology has developed. Poetry creation has developed from natural rhythm to the pursuit of rhythm. It has emerged that poetry should pay attention to the nature of level and rhythm, forming the main content of metrical poetry.

In the Tang Dynasty, poetry entered its splendid heyday. Not only are famous artists and masterpieces produced in large numbers, the number exceeds the total of all dynasties from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, but also the depth and breadth of reflecting reality, the expansion of subject areas, the diversification of creative methods, and the completeness and maturity of the system have also reached unprecedented levels. In this realm, hundreds of flowers are blooming, which is a magnificent sight. On the basis of inheriting the poetry of previous generations, the poetry of the Tang Dynasty formed a fixed classification. There are two classifications. One is ancient style poetry, also called ancient style; it refers to imitating the traditional poetry style before the Tang Dynasty. It does not have a certain rhythm, the length can be long or short, the rhymes are smooth and oblique, and the number of words in the sentences can be neat or neat. Untidy; mainly divided into two types: five-character ancient style and seven-character ancient style. The second is modern poetry (metrical poetry), which is not as free as ancient poetry. It has strict requirements in terms of length, rhyme, level, and opposition, and it pays more attention to the pursuit of rhythm. It can basically be divided into two types: five or seven character rhymed poetry (eight lines) and five or seven character rhymed poetry (four lines). Rhymed poems with more than eight lines are called arranged verses. During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the development of poetry reached its peak of prosperity. Whether it is Five Ancients, Seven Ancients, Yuefu, Songxing, or modern poetry, they all show a unique brilliance. Real life in all aspects of society has been fully reflected in the poet's writings in various systems and styles. In an environment where poetry was highly developed, with the prosperity of urban economy and the popularity of Yanle, a new poetry style of Hele singing emerged in the Tang Dynasty - Ci. The earliest folk lyrics of the Tang Dynasty are found in Dunhuang. They have a wide range of themes and many authors, but they are still relatively rough in art.

Song lyrics developed from Tang poetry. Based on the Xiaoling poems of the Tang and Five Dynasties, the Song Dynasty evolved into many middle-tone and slow lyrics. In the twists and turns, opening and closing changes, the scenes are closely blended, and their meticulousness , specific and subtle, some are even better than Tang poetry. Secondly, Song poetry is good at Bixing. It often uses subtle and meticulous Bixing techniques to express complex and hidden inner feelings through scenery, which is deeply touching.

Song Ci has formed many artistic styles. Although it followed the tradition of the Five Dynasties and focused on expressing emotions and spirituality, it formed the division of "Shizhuang Ci Mei", which was based on euphemism. However, due to changes in the times and life, the theme expanded, and art Individuality was valued, and artistic techniques became increasingly diversified. Therefore, in addition to gracefulness and boldness, the style of Song poetry also had various styles such as sincerity and clarity, high-mindedness and majesty, elegance and precision, elegance and freshness, elegance and danger. It has won the status of "the literature of a generation" along with Tang poetry. In short, although Song poetry is called "poetry", it has hundreds of tunes and thousands of styles. It not only reflects a broader life, but also is a masterpiece of lyrical literature. Its achievements and influence are significant and far-reaching. It can be said that Ci flourished in the Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Five Dynasties, and flourished in the Song Dynasty.

During the Song Dynasty, the Khitan and Dangxiang people gradually accepted the feudal culture of the Han people during their long-term interactions with the Song people. However, they had not yet produced highly accomplished poets and lyricists, and the number of their works was not large. The Jin Dynasty, founded by the Jurchen tribe, inherited the poetic achievements of the Northern Song Dynasty and became unique. In the Yuan and Ming dynasties, a new genre appeared, called Qu, also known as Sanqu. Qu can be said to be another form of lyrics. Except for the different accompaniment instruments during singing, the language is closer to spoken language. The most prominent feature is that you can add lining words. For example, Zhang Yanghao's "One of Three Poems on a Leisurely Life" "Yesterday the willows were leaning on each other, today the rain and snow are falling, and the swallows in the community are (too) suffering. (It's not that the turbid mash has a taste, (how) to spend (this) sun and moon things." Among them. The words in brackets are called lining words.