Geographical location
The landform of Shantou is dominated by delta alluvial plains, accounting for 63.62% of the city's area, followed by hills and mountains, accounting for 30.40% of the land area, and terraces accounting for 5.98% of the total area.
Shantou City is located on the coastal alluvial plain, between the Lianhua Mountains in eastern Guangdong and the South China Sea. The terrain slopes from northwest to southeast, and the entire terrain is composed of medium and low mountains from northwest to southeast - Hills, mesas or terraces - alluvial plains or marine plains - sand ridges and sea cliffs on the coastal front - islands.
Natural climate
Shantou City is located on the southeast coast of Guangdong Province, with the coastline running from northeast to southwest. Shantou is a subtropical zone, between the equatorial low pressure zone and the subtropical high pressure zone. The southern edge of the trade wind belt. Shantou City is located at the southeastern end of the Eurasian continent, on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, and on the edge of the South China Sea. Northerly winds often blow in winter, and southerly or southeasterly winds often blow in summer, with obvious monsoon climate characteristics.
The Tropic of Cancer passes through the northern part of Shantou City. The city has a south subtropical oceanic climate. It is mild and humid, with abundant sunshine, abundant rain, long frost-free period, humid spring, and many rainy days; in early summer, the temperature rises, with changeable temperatures and frequent heavy rains; in midsummer, although it is hot but not very hot, it is often hit by typhoons; in autumn, it is cool and dry, with sunny weather. The temperature drops significantly; there is no severe cold in winter, but there is short-term cold.
The annual sunshine is 2000-2500 hours, and the shortest sunshine is in March. The annual rainfall is 1300-1800 mm, mostly concentrated from April to September. The annual average temperature is 21℃--22℃, with the lowest temperature above 0℃; the maximum temperature is 36℃--40℃, which mostly occurs from mid-July to early August when it is controlled by the Pacific subtropical high pressure. There are occasional short frosts in winter.
Sightseeing
Shantou has bright sunshine, pleasant climate, green mountains and green waters, blue sea and blue sky, many scenic spots and beautiful natural environment. The overall quality of the urban environment remains good, and the quantitative assessment results of comprehensive urban environmental improvement continue to rank among the best in the province. Shantou City was included in the province's pilot city for building a conservation-oriented society, and Guiyu Town in Chaoyang District was included in the first batch of national circular economy pilot units and is the only town-level pilot unit. The water and air quality are excellent, and the urban green coverage rate is 32.7%. The urban living facilities are complete. Garden-style residential areas are spread throughout the urban area, with excellent living quality. Urban road traffic is smooth and convenient; the business and service industry is prosperous, the catering and hotel industry is developed, and there are a number of large supermarkets and shopping malls with reasonable commercial outlets and convenient shopping; various cultural, sports and entertainment facilities are spread throughout the city; there are many large general hospitals. The overall medical technology level ranks among the top among prefecture-level cities in Guangdong Province; the social security is good, the folk customs are generous and honest, and the residents' lives are peaceful, beautiful and comfortable, making it the most suitable place to live. Shantou is also an ideal tourist destination, including Queshi Scenic Area, Beishan Bay Tourist Resort, Dahao Qingyunyan, Zhongshan Park, Overseas Chinese Park, Shibaotai Park, Longhutan Beach, Xinjin River Resort, East Lake Resort, Chenghai Laiwu Tourism Resorts, Chenghai Lianhuashan Hot Spring Resort and Qingao Bay in Nan'ao County, golf courses, libraries, museums, international convention and exhibition centers, theaters, swimming and diving halls, gymnasiums and many other cultural, sports and tourism venues and facilities. There are more than 40 star-rated hotels and guesthouses in the urban area such as Golden Bay Hotel, Dihao Hotel, Junhua Hotel, International Hotel, and Longfor Hotel. Shopping malls, Chinese and Western restaurants, entertainment centers and other service facilities are scattered throughout, which can provide Provide high-quality living supporting services to guests from all walks of life.
Cultural Characteristics
The arts and crafts in Chaoshan area have a long history and are famous both at home and abroad. As early as the Neolithic Age, Chaoshan already had the production technology of stoneware and pottery. By the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Chaoshan's ceramic modeling and glazing technology, jade, woodware, and bronze technology were already at the advanced level of Guangdong. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, celadon, copper and iron smelting and casting techniques, especially gold and silver jewelry techniques, had developed strong local characteristics. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, the scale of jade, wood carving, and ceramic production was large, and many treasures were produced. The variety of products and the level of skills were favored by people at home and abroad, and the export trade developed rapidly. The Ming and Qing Dynasties were the heyday of Chaoshan arts and crafts. A large number of exquisite arts and crafts remain in the world. The niche tables in the main hall of Kaiyuan Temple in Chaoshan and the round carving "Golden Thousand Buddha Pagoda" as well as jade carving products such as snuff bottles, jade seals, headpieces, nostalgic works, and wishful thinking are all outstanding. People were amazed.
Chaoshan folk lanterns, inlaid porcelain, sachets, clay sculptures, paper-cuts, jewelry, etc. are all rich in local characteristics and well-known throughout the country. They have become indispensable decorations and seasonal applications for officials and people. After thousands of years of refinement, Chaoshan arts and crafts have merged with China and foreign countries, introduced the old and brought forth the new, and formed its own school, forming a distinct and rich local art style. Many Chinese experts and scholars have made incisive discussions on this issue. Chaoshan craftsmanship not only has the inheritance and originality of the Central Plains culture, but also has distinctive regional characteristics.
Chaoshan handicrafts are made by Chaoshan people from local materials in order to meet their own production and living needs and according to their own aesthetics. They often show their originality and are amazing.
Teochew Opera evolved from Nan Opera and was officially named Teochew Opera after the founding of New China. Chaozhou Opera is a local opera from Chaoshan. It is also one of the three major local operas in Guangdong and one of the top ten operas in the country. It has a history of more than 500 years. Teochew opera is also known as the wonder of the Chinese art scene and has received wide acclaim at home and abroad.
Its outstanding characteristics are: beautiful and lyrical, strong Chaoshan flavor, a large number of excellent plays, unique performing arts and famous actors, which are both elegant and popular, and are deeply loved by the masses. Many Chaozhou operas have been made into movies and spread all over the country and overseas. Chaozhou opera troupes have also He has performed many times in various parts of the country and overseas, and his performance art of clown opera is especially popular.
The singing styles of Teochew opera include tunes, couplets and minor tunes.
Teochew opera singing has one characteristic: it is to help sing.
The characteristic instruments of Teochew opera music include erxian, yehu, flute, drum, deep wave, gong, etc.
The roles of Teochew opera were divided into seven roles in ancient times: Sheng, Dan, Jing, Wei, Chou, Wai and Tie. Now they have developed into 10 types of Chou, 7 types of Dan, 5 types of Sheng and 3 types of Jing. Among them, the "Three Xiaos" (Xiaosheng, Xiaodan and Clown) are famous and are known as the "Flowers of the South".
This is the Chaoshan opera that has been famous for generations - a wonder of Chaoshan culture and the essence of Chaoshan folk art.
The folk music spread in Chaoshan area is collectively called Chaozhou music, including gong and drum music, string poetry music, flute music, fine music, temple music and other varieties. It is a kind of unique artistic style and rich local music. It is an ancient music with rich colors, profound mass foundation and high artistic value. It is currently widely spread in eastern Guangdong, southern Fujian, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao and Southeast Asia, and enjoys a high reputation both inside and outside China.
Chaozhou music is simple and elegant, and its origins can be traced back to the Tang and Song dynasties. Qin", "Waijiang" operas and local folk music. By the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Chaozhou music had formed a self-contained folk music art with rich repertoire, diverse forms.
Chaozhou music notation uses "Er Si Pu", "Gong Chi Pu" and simplified notation. Among them, "Er Si Pu" is the oldest musical notation of Chaozhou music and is also a rare musical notation in China. From the study of "Two Four Notations" and the special rhythms of Chaozhou music, we can see the influence of Tang and Song music culture on Chaozhou music.
Chaozhou music has a variety of performance methods and instrument combinations. It is a mass folk art form that is both refined and popular. There are five basic modes of Chao music, namely: light six tunes, heavy six tunes, live five tunes, reverse line tunes, and light triple six tunes. The most distinctive instruments are the second string and percussion. In terms of performance, except for the gongs and drums, Erxian leads and conducts the music.
The performance forms are flexible and diverse, including large gongs and drums played by dozens or even hundreds of people, as well as string performances composed of 25 people. Form, with strong vitality and attraction.
There are many varieties of agricultural products, and rice, peanuts, sugar cane, and jute are traditional bulk products. It is rich in various Lingnan fruits. Chaozhou mandarin is known as the "Queen of Citrus". Ringo, olive, bayberry, ganache, and Australian pomegranate are famous local mixed fruits. It enjoys a high reputation as the "Kingdom of Vegetables". High-quality seasonal vegetables are available all year round. Mustard greens, early cabbage, kale flowers and broccoli flowers are the local premium varieties. Improved rapeseeds are famous at home and abroad. The more famous poultry include lion-headed geese, gull-headed chickens, local black pigs, etc. The lion-headed goose is especially famous and is known as the "King of Birds". There are abundant sea and freshwater products, including the most valuable eels, groupers, pomfret, mackerel, prawns, crabs, swimming crabs, squid, oysters, seaweed, etc. Chaozhou cuisine, which uses rich seafood as its main raw material, is popular at home and abroad for its exquisite ingredients, exquisite preparation and unique taste. Flavored foods represented by beef balls, pork balls, fish balls "three balls" and oyster bake are very popular. Various cold fruits and pickled vegetables are traditional dishes. Chaoshan handicrafts such as drawn yarn, gold-lacquered wood carvings, toys and gifts enjoy a high reputation at home and abroad. Colored porcelain, bead embroidery, gold and silver jewelry, etc. are also famous.
Resources
42 types of minerals have been found in the area under Shantou City, and there are 180 mineral deposits. Judging from the existing regional geological survey results, the salient features of Shantou City’s regional geology are the development of Mesozoic intrusive rocks and granitoids, and the development of Quaternary sea-continental alternating phases and marine sediments. There are many types of mineral resources related to them and they are widely distributed. wide. Tungsten-tin polymetallic ores related to endogenous mineralization are mainly distributed in granite distribution areas in Chenghai, Chaoyang and other places. Quartz sand, zircon, ilmenite, etc. related to exogenous mineralization are mainly distributed in coastal areas. The mineral resources in the area are relatively rich in tungsten, rare earth, glass sand, construction granite, decorative granite, mineral water, underground hot water and other resources, and its exploration and development prospects are very good. Tin, gold, ilmenite, zircon, monazite, kaolin, refractory clay, etc. have prospecting potential. Widely distributed granite, quartz sand, and clay are important construction raw material resources.
The city’s land resources are 224,438.7 hectares. There are 103 ports available for development in the city. There are 7 deep-water ports available for development on Nan'ao Island alone. Four port sites in the city, including Zhuchi, Mashan, Suai, and Guang'ao, can build 10,000-100,000 tons. The terminal has 69 berths. There are many harbors and large areas of shallow beach. The shallow beach area within the 10-meter isobath is 743,000 acres, and the usable area is 468,000 acres. The fishing ground area within the 200-meter isobath is 53,000 square kilometers. It is suitable for marine aquaculture, and the coast is rich in sea salt. There are 471 known species of fish, 17 species of shrimps and crabs, more than 30 species of shellfish, and nearly 20 species of algae in the offshore waters.
Industry
The dominant position in industry has been significantly enhanced, and eight major advantages have been formed, including electronic information, textile and clothing, plastic chemicals, food processing, machinery and equipment, toy technology, printing and packaging, and audio and video materials. industry. Chenghai toy craft base and Chaoyang Chaonan textile and clothing, fine chemicals, and audio-visual materials production base have been built. The park construction has taken shape, and a number of parks such as the Free Trade Zone, High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Jinping Private Science and Technology Park and Longhu Private Science and Technology Park have become key areas for the gathering of science and technology industries. The city currently has 9 well-known trademarks in China, 8 famous brand products in China, 30 national inspection-free products, 102 famous trademarks in Guangdong Province, and 65 famous brand products in Guangdong Province. By the end of 2006, the city had approved the establishment of 5,713 foreign direct investment projects, and had actually absorbed US$7.249 billion in foreign direct investment. It has established economic and trade relations with 183 countries and regions, and 13 of the world's top 500 companies, including Chevron Texaco, Henkel, Wal-Mart, and Caltex, have invested in Shantou. Relying on its port advantages, Shantou has been planned to become one of the five major petrochemical industry bases in Guangdong Province. Petrochemicals, energy, equipment manufacturing, etc. have become Shantou's key strategic industries for development, and it has the advantage of being a latecomer. The development momentum of agricultural industrialization management is good, and six pillar industries have been formed: grain, vegetables, livestock, aquatic products, fruit tea industry and flowers.
Transportation
After 25 years of reform and opening up, Shantou City has initially formed a modern three-dimensional transportation network of sea, land and air with the seaport and airport as the center and high-grade highways and railways as the skeleton; A number of infrastructure facilities such as communications, electricity, water supply, and environmental protection have been built, and public service facilities have been continuously improved.
Shipping Shantou Port is one of the main ports among the five port groups along my country's coast. It has 38 berths of over 5,000 tons, including 16 berths over 10,000 tons. The comprehensive throughput capacity is 26.21 million tons and the container throughput capacity is 580,000 TEUs. In recent years, Shantou City has vigorously developed the port logistics industry and shipping industry. It currently has freight exchanges with 268 ports in 57 countries and regions in the world, and has regular container freight liners with Hong Kong, Thailand, Japan and other places. In 2006, Shantou Port's cargo throughput exceeded 20 million tons for the first time, reaching 20.125 million tons, an increase of 15.9%.
Land transportation Shantou has developed land transportation. The Guangzhou-Meizhou-Shantou Railway connects the national railway network and has become an important sea passage for the Beijing-Kowloon Railway; the Xiamen-Shenzhen Coastal Railway across Shantou is about to start construction, making Shantou a direct link to China's most economically developed Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and southeastern coastal cities. The pivotal role is more prominent. Shantou is one of the 45 major highway hub cities in the country, with a road network consisting of expressways, national highways, and provincial highways extending in all directions. National Highways 324 and 206 pass through Shantou and lead to the whole country; Shenzhen-Shantou Expressway and Shantou-Fen Expressway connect the three special economic zones of Shantou, Shenzhen and Xiamen and become an important part of the southeast coastal expressway trunk line; connect Shantou and Shantou The Shantou-Mei Expressway in Meizhou and southern Gansu is under construction. At present, the city's highway density is 86.9 kilometers per 100 square kilometers. Every village has been connected to a highway, and a modern highway network with expressways and national highways as the main framework has been basically built. Most places in the city can be accessed on the expressway within half an hour, and the airport and port can be reached within one hour.
Air Shantou Airport can take off and land large and medium-sized passenger aircraft such as Boeing 737 and 757, with an annual passenger capacity of 3 million. It has opened more than 40 routes to Hong Kong, Bangkok, Singapore and major domestic cities, and handles all Cargo operations in the navigable city.