Symphony composer Myaskovsky

Myaskovsky, Nikolai Yakovlevich (1881-1950) was a Soviet composer Home, music educator and music activist. He received family music education since childhood. He graduated from the Petersburg Army School and the Military Engineering School in 1899 and 1902 respectively. While serving in the army, he also studied music theory with Griel and others. In 1906, he entered the Petersburg Conservatory of Music and learned composition from Ryadov, orchestration from Rimsky-Korsakov, and musical form from Vitor. After graduating in 1911, he worked as a music critic. During World War I, he was an engineer officer with progressive ideas. Served on the Naval Staff in Petrograd from 1918-21. Since 1919, he has actively participated in the construction of Soviet music culture and served as a member of the Organization Committee of the Soviet Composers Association and a member of the National Prize Committee. Since 1926, he has been a professor at the Moscow Conservatory of Music with outstanding achievements. He has trained more than 80 students, including famous composers such as Kabalevsky, Khachaturian, Shebalin, and Muladjeli. He received a doctorate in art in 1940 and the title of People's Artist of the Soviet Union in 1946. He was awarded the Stalin Prize many times.

Myaskovsky's early creations were influenced by symbolism, and were limited to expressing his personal inner world, expressing his thoughts and regrets, and using bright and dark colors. His aesthetics changed after the October Revolution. In his creations, he strives to get rid of the narrow personal subjective world and get closer to the objective world of real life. In the 1930s, he began to use more Soviet themes to reflect more new impressions in real life. As his creations evolved, his works gradually lost their expressionistic nature, and the music became clearer and full of the broad tonal nature of Russian folk music. Miaskovsky's music is dramatic and psychological, rigorous in conception, profound in thought, and rich in content. Its main characteristics are the combination of constant artistic exploration and loyalty to tradition. His creations are mainly symphonies and chamber music. He is one of the outstanding representatives of Soviet symphony music. He wrote 27 symphonies and 13 quartets in his lifetime. Twenty-four of the twenty-seven symphonies were written after 1917. The main famous works are: the Fifth Symphony, written in folk songs, expresses and shapes the people's new life image; the Sixth Symphony shows the magnificent and shocking October Revolution; the Twelfth Symphony reflects the collective farm society The 16th Symphony eulogized the heroic deeds of the Soviet Air Force; the 21st Symphony was full of lyricism, optimistic and clear mood, and won the Stalin Prize. During the Great Patriotic War, he composed three symphonies, including the tense and dramatic Twenty-Fourth Symphony; three quartets, including the Ninth String Quartet, which won the Stalin Prize; and a poem describing the heroic defense of Leningrad. Cantata "Kirov is with us". The Twenty-Seventh Symphony embodies the spiritual world of the Soviet people, overcoming difficulties and obstacles, and pursuing a bright future. This symphony is the pinnacle of his creation. Outstanding works include: Violin Concerto, Cello Concerto (winner of the Stalin Prize), String Quartet No. 13, Cello and Piano Sonata No. 2, etc.

The "Resolution of the Central Committee of the United Nations (Bolsheviks) on February 10, 1948 on Muladjeli's Opera "The Great Friendship"" condemned the "formalist tendency" in Soviet music, Some of Myaskovsky's works were criticized along with Shostakovich, Prokofiev and others due to their "formalist tendencies". Two years later, this representative symphony composer passed away, unable to witness the resolution of the Soviet Central Committee to rehabilitate him.