A basic symbol representing the pitch of a sound, marked with seven Arabic numerals. They are written and read as follows:

Writing: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 i

Pronunciation: Do Re Mi Fa Sol las Do

The relative relationship of the above tones is fixed, except that 3-4 and 7-I are semitones, the other two adjacent tones are full tones.

To mark higher or lower sounds, add points above or below the basic symbols. In notation, the basic symbols without dots are called alto; Adding a point above the basic symbol is called treble; Add two points to call high notes; Adding three points is called super treble; Adding a point below the basic symbol is called bass; Add two points to call the double bass; Add three points to call the subwoofer.

Time increasing line and time decreasing line

In simple notation, the length of a note is expressed by adding short horizontal lines, dashed lines, sustained lines and hyphens on the basis of basic notes.

There are two ways to use the short horizontal line: the short horizontal line written on the right side of the basic note is called the extended time line. The more time growth lines, the longer the sound duration. ※.

A basic note without an extended timeline is called a quarter note, and every time an extended timeline is added, it means that the time of the quarter note is extended.

The short horizontal line written below the basic tone is called the time reduction line. The more delay lines, the shorter the notes. Every time a delay line is added, it means that it will be shortened to half of the original note length.

The dot written on the right side of the note is called a dotted line, which means that the duration of the previous note is extended by half. Dots are often used for quarter notes and various notes less than quarter notes. ※.

Dot notes are called dot notes.

The symbols of temporary tone sandhi are called temporary tone sandhi symbols, mainly including semitone rising, semitone rising and semitone falling.

The rising semitone is written on the upper left of the note, indicating that the note should be raised by one semitone. For example, # 1 means that 1 rises by a semitone, and the playing method on the guitar is to move to a higher level.

The semitone symbol is written on the upper left of the note, indicating that the note should be semitone. For example, b3 means that 3 should be lowered by a semitone. On the guitar, the playing method is to retreat to the low position, and the empty string will retreat to the lower string.

The minus sign is to return the sound that has been "#" or "b" in a bar to its original position.

The above temporary inflection point mark only takes effect in one section, and it will not take effect after this section, and a section is |XXXX|.

Generally speaking, there are four basic elements in the composition of all music, the most important of which are "the level of sound" and "the length of sound":

1. Tone level: Any music is composed of high notes and low notes. Looking directly from the piano, the keyboard sound is low left and high right. As far as digital notation is concerned, there are many symbols ""and "∧" directly above or below the number. Points can be understood as intensity, the more the stronger, representing the upper treble and the lower bass. The principle is the vibration frequency of the object. The higher the treble, the higher the vibration frequency, and vice versa.

2, the length of the sound: In addition to the level of the sound, there is another important factor is the length of the sound. The annotation of pitch and length determines that this piece of music is different from other pieces, so it becomes the most important basic element of music. This principle is expressed as the duration of sound.

3, the intensity of sound: the intensity of music is easy to understand, also called intensity. There are always some notes in a piece of music that are strong in some places and weak in some places. The change of strength is one of the factors to express emotion in music works. The principle is expressed by amplitude.

4. Sound quality: it can also be called timbre. That is, musical instruments or human voices. The pitch of the same melody is different for boys and girls. The timbre of violin and piano is different.

The above four items constitute the basic elements of any musical work. It should be said that notation can basically correctly label these basic elements.

Extended data

Simple notation refers to simple notation. There are two kinds of letter symbols and number symbols.

It originated in France in the18th century and was improved by the Germans, so it became what it is today. The so-called music score generally refers to digital music score. The numerical notation is based on the moving roll call method, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 represent the seven basic levels in the scale. Pronunciation is do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, ti (si in China), and English is represented by c, d, e, f, g, a, b, and the sound length name of each number is equivalent to the quarter note of the staff.

origin

The rudiment of digital notation first appeared in Europe in16th century, when there was a Catholic monk named Suetti. He wrote music education songs with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and then wrote a booklet entitled "New Methods of Learning plainsong and Music". Westerners at that time paid great attention to personal achievements such as invention and creation and copyright, which is recorded in history.

18th century Frenchman named Rousseau; 1742 Read an article for the Academy of Sciences in Paris, France.

The paper "New music notation Proposal" mentioned this "digital notation" again. Since the middle of18th century, a group of French musicians, doctors and mathematicians have sorted out and perfected the "digital notation". 19th century, through the continuous improvement and popularization of P Garland, A Paris and E J M Xie Wei, it was widely used by the masses. Therefore, this notation is called "Jia-Pa-Xie notation" in the west.

19 At the end of the 20th century, a "new school" appeared in China, in which the course of "school music songs" directly imitated Japanese music education and followed the Japanese practice of using notation. Many primary and secondary schools offer singing lessons. At that time, most of the teaching materials for singing were Japanese songs written by China's music teacher, including staff and notation. It was about this time that notation was introduced into China from Japan.

1903, I studied in Tokyo Conservatory of Music, and introduced the knowledge of western music theory by publishing the article "The gist of music theory" in the sixth and seventh issues of chinese magazine's Jiangsu edited and published by the Jiangsu Association in Tokyo, and published six songs such as "Training" and "Spring outing" in the form of notation and staff comparison, which are currently considered to be written by Japanese.

Shen Xingong, a modern music educator, was also one of the earliest disseminators of music scores. His school song collection was published in 1904, becoming the first published and popular music collection in China. Since then, music scores have gradually spread to schools all over the country. Notation, because of its simplicity, easy learning and convenient typesetting, has played a great role in the spread of songs in China's mass singing campaign against Japanese aggression and national salvation. At the same time, notation itself has been further improved and popularized.

Another reason that notation is widely popularized in China is that the notation of notation is quite close to the notation of Chinese characters "Miyachi notation" popular in China. For example, Miyachi notation uses the words "ruler is 65 B" and different radicals attached to the left of these words to indicate the sound level, while simple notation uses seven Arabic numerals and points attached to the numbers above or below to indicate the sound level.

Miyachi notation is to indicate the length of a sound by attaching a checkered symbol to the right side of a word, and simple notation is to indicate the length of a sound by attaching a short horizontal line to the right side or below an Arabic numeral. The notation of musical notation is so close to the notation of I scale that the method of recording sound pitch by musical notation is simpler and more accurate than the notation of I scale, so people in China are very easy to accept musical notation.

As far as the world is concerned, China is the best country to absorb and develop notation. No country in the world is so popular as China.

Simple notation has many advantages, such as easy to learn, easy to remember and easy to write, which makes it have more users than staff in China, and plays an important role in the promotion and popularization of mass music and cultural activities. Many musicians in our country record their original creative ideas when composing music, and are used to using convenient notation. When Nie Er wrote March of the Volunteers and Xian Xinghai wrote The Yellow River Cantata, their first drafts were also written in notation.