The belly of a crosstalk performer is a grocery store. There are many things to learn in traditional cross talk, such as passing through the mouth, opening the door to the willow, being afraid of the mouth and even being in the dark spring. There are also some "learning" things that vary from person to person, such as learning opera and pingju. There are also drums that can be learned, including plum blossom drums, iron drums, Xihe drums, northeast drums, Tangshan drums, funny drums and the Jingyun drums to be said today.

First, the emergence of Jingyun Drum

Jingyun Drum, as its name implies, refers to the Beijing rhythmic drum, but like many drums, it is not a folk art originated in Beijing, but comes from Hebei, specifically the wooden drum in Cangzhou and Hejian, Hebei. However, it should be noted that although the wooden drum evolved into the Jingyun drum in Beijing, the wooden drum itself still exists.

before the art of Jingyun Drum was officially named, it had many names, such as "Small Mouth Drum" and "Flat Rhyme Drum" in Beijing and "Wei Diao Drum" and "Wenwu Drum" in Tianjin. The earliest common name of Jingyun Drum was "Timid Drum", and it was known from the name that there was an accent in it. There were already several people in the era of "Timid Drum".

Because the accent problem of timid drums is generally popular in Beijing, they can only be performed at temple fairs and other places. Therefore, artists gradually changed their singing accents in combination with Jingyin Jingyun. At the same time, they changed the long bibliography into short cantata and added three strings to the accompaniment instruments, thus forming the final Jingyun Drum.

In 1946, the Quyi Guild was established in Beijing, and the name of "Jingyun Drum" was formally established.

Common musical instruments for performing Jingyun Drum include Shugu, castanet, Sanxian, Sihu and Pipa. We often hear some background music with pipa, drum and sanxian instruments in various TV dramas and documentaries of the Republic of China, which are generally the prelude of Jingyun Drum.

II. Schools and Descendants of Jingyun Drum

When listening to crosstalk performers say "Learning the Drum", I often hear some opinions about the schools of Jingyun Drum. Generally speaking, Jingyun Drum can be divided into five schools according to its singing style, namely Liu School, Bai School, Zhang School, Shaobai School and Luo School. The earliest popular schools are the famous "Liu, Bai and Zhang" schools, and the Shaobai school and the Luo school are all developed on the basis of their predecessors.

1. Liu Pai Liu Baoquan

Liu Pai's Jingyun Drum was founded by Liu Baoquan (1869-1942), a native of Shenxian County, Hebei Province. His position in Jingyun Drum was comparable to that of Zhu Shaowen, a crosstalk performer, and he had a high reputation. Liu Baoquan learned from childhood that he was afraid of drums, and successively studied under Song Yukun, Hu Jintang and Huo Mingliang, which are the strengths of various schools. Later, under the guidance of Tan Xinpei, a Peking Opera master, Liu Baoquan learned from the singing charm of famous Peking Opera masters such as Gong Yunfu and others, and gradually formed the characteristics of Liu School's Jingyun Drum.

The vocal characteristics of Liu School are simply high and bright, magnificent and both rigid and flexible. His Three Kingdoms aria, such as One-Knife Meeting, Battle of Changsha, and lyrical track Daxixiang, are all famous masterpieces of Liu School.

With Liu Baoquan's efforts, Jingyun Drum quickly became a big-axis program in juggling gardens in Beijing and Tianjin, and he was also called "Drum King".

The inheritance of Liu School's Jingyun Drum is relatively good. Among the famous inheritors are Xiaoying Xia, Sun Shujun and others. In addition, Bai Fengming, the founder of Shaobai School, is also Liu Baoquan's apprentice, and Luo Yusheng, the founder of Luopai School, used to be Liu Baoquan.

2. Bai Pai Bai Yunpeng

Born in Bai Yunpeng (1874-1952) in Baxian County, Hebei Province, and Liu Baoquan were contemporaries, he was born with a blue flag, learned to sing Xihe Drum in his early years, and later changed to singing wooden drums. At the age of 26, he went to Beijing to perform, and gradually changed from being afraid of drums to singing Jingyun Drum.

in his thirties, Bai Yunpeng founded the "White School Jingyun Drum" according to his own voice characteristics. In short, the characteristics of the White School Jingyun Drum are more graceful than those of the Liu School, with clear articulation, line by line, semi-recitation and semi-singing, varied aria and strong artistic appeal.

The famous aria of the White School Jingyun Drum, such as Daiyu Burning Draft and Exploring Qingwen, are all enduring songs, and there are many inheritors, such as Yan Qiuxia, Zhao Xueyi and others. Degang Guo's wife, Wang Hui, is also a descendant of the White School Jingyun Drum, which is equivalent to Bai Yunpeng's great-grandson generation.

3. Zhang Pai Zhang Xiaoxuan

, also known as Zhang Xiaoxuan, was born in Beijing (1876-1945), and was a famous rhythmic drummer contemporary with Liu Baoquan and Bai Yunpeng.

Zhang Xiaoxuan was born in Peking Opera when he sang, and later he changed to learn wooden drums. He is also famous for singing the Three Kingdoms, such as Bo Wangpo and Huarong Road.

Zhang Xiaoxuan is burly and has a generous voice, so his singing is relatively high. Every performance is full of momentum, and the audience looks more enjoyable.

Zhangpai Jingyun Drum was mainly circulated in Tianjin and Northeast China. Later, with the death of Zhang Xiaoxuan and his disciples, Zhangpai Jingyun Drum was lost, and there is no successor at present.

4. Bai Fengyan, Bai Fengming, a school of young whites

Bai Fengming has nothing to do with Bai Yunpeng. The name of the school of young whites is to distinguish the school of young whites in Bai Yunpeng.

Bai Fengming (199-198) was Liu Baoquan's apprentice, and his brother Bai Fengyan was Liu Baoquan's stringed instrument. Bai Fengyan felt the popularity of Liu Baoquan, and after breaking up with Liu Baoquan, he settled down to write for three years and then personally taught his younger brother, and finally formed the Beijing Rhyme Drum School of Shaobai School. Its founders should be Bai Fengyan and the Bai Fengming brothers.

Shaobai School's vocals absorbed the characteristics of Liu School and Bai School's Jingyun Drum, combined with Bai Fengming's voice, and also incorporated into the art of some Peking Opera School and others, so the Shaobai School's Jingyun Drum became popular quickly and gained quite good reputation in Shanghai, Wuhan and Nanjing.

In short, the singing style of Shaobai School's Jingyun Drum is euphemistic, mellow and elegant, and Bai Fengyan has also created some new tracks for his younger brother, such as Drumming Cao and Luo Cheng Calling Guan.

After liberation, Bai Fengming became the head of the Central Radio and Rap Troupe. However, after his death, his "Little White School" art was in danger of being lost. Now there are very few authentic "Little White School" artists, and artists from other schools can still sing some "Little White School" classics.

5. Luo sent Luo Yusheng

whose stage name is Xiaocai Dance. Luo Yusheng (1914-22) was born in the south of the Yangtze River. When he was six months old, he was given Luo Caiwu as his adopted daughter, so when he grew up, he got the stage name Xiaocai Dance.

when Luo Yusheng grew up, the social atmosphere was civilized, and Liu, Bai and Zhang factions of Jingyun Drum were booming, so the number of female artists singing Jingyun Drum began to increase, and Luo Yusheng was the best among them.

Luo Yusheng studied Peking Opera in his early years. Later, he changed to Beijing Rhyme Drum, studied Liu Baoquan privately, and adopted the strengths of Bai Yunpeng and Bai Fengming, eventually forming his own characteristics of "Luo School".

Luo Yusheng is good at singing with a wide range, strong charm, lyricism and agitation. His masterpieces include Listening to the Qin in the Early Stage, Ringing the Bell in the Jiange Pavilion and other famous tracks. Especially in the 198s, Luo Yusheng was invited to sing the theme song "Reorganizing the Rivers and Mountains for the Future Generation" for the TV series "Four Generations under One Family", which became an immortal classic.

Luo Yusheng is a representative figure of Jingyun Drum in modern times, and she herself served as the chairman of China Music Association. The inheritors of Luopai School are mainly Chunai Liu and others.

Third, other drums and representative figures

We often hear all kinds of learning drums when listening to cross talk, but not all of them are Jingyun drums. The common drums and representative figures mainly include:

Northeast drums: mainly popular in Northeast China, such as Liu Lanfang who changed to storytelling.

Iron Drum: Also known as vinegar drum, it was founded by Wang Peichen, which is quite popular in Tianjin. It is characterized by holding copper pieces, and its representatives are mainly Wang Peichen and Yao Xuefen.

JD.COM Drum: It originated from Sanhe area in the east of Beijing, also known as Drum Book, and its representative figures are Dong Xiangkun and others. "The flaming sun just came out of the mountain" is the lyrics of JD.COM Drum.

Xihe Drum: Xihe Drum is related to Jingyun Drum, which originated from Hejian, Hebei Province, and developed from wooden drum. There are many representatives of Xihe Drum, because its white part later developed into the form of storytelling. For example, Dan Tianfang, Tian Lianyuan, Jin Wensheng, Degang Guo and others are the inheritors of Xihe Drum.

Funny Drum: Originated in Beijing, it belongs to a branch of Jingyun Drum, which is equivalent to a performance form formed by picking out funny tracks from Jingyun Drum. Its representative figures are Ye Delin (winter melon), Zhang Wenshun, Mo Qi and so on.

Plum blossom drum: This has a long history, which originated from the Qingkou drum in Beijing. There are many representatives, such as the Golden School, the Flower School, the Reed School and the White School. The representatives are the famous Jin Wanchang, Hua Sibao, Hua Wubao and others.

Fourth, the love and hate of Jingyun Drum and Crosstalk Industry are intertwined

Jingyun Drum and Crosstalk Line have always been closely related, and there are cooperation and competition among them.

crosstalk performers often learn the Jingyun Drum in some jokes. For example, Wei Wenhua's "Learning the Drum" learned three kinds of vocals: Liu School, Bai School and Luo School. Hou Baolin's "Changing careers" focuses on the singing of Liu Baoquan and Liu School.

Liu Baoquan was once on the same stage as Li Deyang, Bai Yunpeng was also on the same stage as Hou Baolin and Dai Shaofu. When Dai Shaofu was beaten by Yuan Wenhui's men, Bai Yunpeng, who was over 6 years old, tried to protect Dai Shaofu with her body.

Bai Fengming used to be the head of the Central Radio Rap Troupe, and Hou Baolin, Liu Baorui, Guo Qiru, Guo Quanbao, Ma Ji and Tang Jiezhong were all his backbone subordinates.

Luo Yusheng's friendship with Ma Sanli has lasted for several decades, and she also directed Wei Wenhua and other crosstalk performers who are good at willow work. As the chairman of the Music Association, she directly led the phonology circle.

Where there is cooperation, there is competition, and there was a competitive relationship between Jingyun Drum and Crosstalk.

the most famous one among them is the struggle to save the bottom. In the juggling gardens in 193s, the Jingyun Drum was always the main shaft made of iron, and Liu Baoquan, Bai Yunpeng, Lin Hongyu and Luo Yusheng were the bases of all the gardens. No matter how famous and capable the crosstalk performers were, they could only play at the finale, and their income was several times worse.

Li Deyang, Zhang Shouchen and Dai Shaofu have all saved the bottom one after another, but all the performers of Jingyun Drum were temporarily unable to go on stage to save the bottom, and their income was still the last one. It was not until Hou Baolin that he completed the counterattack of crosstalk on Jingyun Drum for the first time. With his fame and skill, he replaced the old Lin Hongyu as the bottom-saving, and income was also the standard of bottom-saving. Because of this, Zhang Shouchen praised Hou Baolin for his great contribution to cross talk.

After liberation, Luo Yusheng, an artist of Jingyun drum, once served as the chairman of the Music Association, but it was only in recent years that Jiang Kun, a crosstalk performer, completed the industry counterattack and became the chairman of the Music Association.

However, this kind of competition between crosstalk industry and Jingyun Drum Industry is a benign competitive relationship within Quyi. Although Jingyun Drum has declined somewhat in recent years, crosstalk industry keeps Jingyun Drum in a certain degree of attention in the form of crosstalk.

Many actors in the cross talk industry are masters of Jingyun Drum, such as Ma Zhiming and Wei Wenhua, and Ma Zhiming's Burning Daiyu and Exploring Qingwen are his masterpieces. This is also part of the continuation of the friendship between the two industries for hundreds of years.