Ancient Egypt was bounded by the Red Sea to the east, Libya to the west, Nubia (Ethiopia and Sudan) to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north. The entire territory was in a yellow desert, except for the Nile River, which was 6,648 kilometers long. It runs through it from south to north, forming a river valley oasis.

The ancient Egyptian civilization began around 4000 BC. Egypt has experienced the Baidali culture (about 5000 BC to 4000 BC), the Amra culture (about 4000 BC to 3500 BC), and the Gersai culture (about 3500 BC to 3500 BC). 3100), a unified country emerged in 3100 BC. The history of ancient Egypt can generally be divided into the Old Kingdom (approximately 2686 BC to 2181 BC, also known as the "Pyramid Age"), the Middle Kingdom (approximately 2041 BC to 1786 BC, which has entered the feudal era), the New Kingdom The Kingdom (1567 BC to 1085 BC, also known as the "Empire Period") has three major sections. The supreme ruler is "Pharaoh" (meaning "big house"), who holds military and political power and is a typical representative of ancient autocratic monarchs. Egypt began to decline in the mid-12th century BC, and the surrounding barbarians continued to invade, causing Egyptian culture to gradually decline. Until 525 BC, ancient Egyptian civilization never recovered. In 332 BC, Alexander the Great conquered Egypt and concealed Egypt's true character with its Hellenistic features.

The ancient Egyptian economy was an ancient "planned economy" in which the state absolutely controlled economic life, which was one of the distinctive features of Egyptian civilization. Not only did it control much of agricultural and handicraft production, it was also responsible for the distribution of the products. Its residents are divided into six classes: royal family, monks, nobles, scribes, merchants, craftsmen, farmers, serfs, and slaves. There is a huge gap between the rich and the poor in society. Egyptian families were monogamous, and women had a higher status, allowing them to own property and inherit property, and inherit the throne. Its economic base is agriculture, which is highly developed. The handicraft industry was already quite large in 3000 BC. After 2000 BC, Egyptian business also developed rapidly.

Religion dominated the lives of ancient Egyptians. Almost every field in Egyptian civilization had a strong religious flavor. Its rule was a theocratic rule, and a large amount of manpower, material and financial resources were used to build large pyramid tombs and temples; its art was also a means of expressing religious symbols, and its literature and philosophy were also full of religious preaching and praise of gods.

Egypt invented writing around the end of 4000 BC, and its hieroglyphs are one of the oldest writings in the world. Its statues and paintings (including murals) are generally accessories to the building.

The Egyptian civilization, which dates back to 3000 BC, has used a variety of musical instruments in the murals, sculptures and unearthed artifacts in the pyramids (mausoleums). The main musical instruments are the systrum (a kind of metal fork, which is a symbol of religion); two flutes in the shape of avrus - double flute; a pipa-shaped stringed instrument with 6 to 12 strings on the top , used for weddings and funerals of princes and nobles, military expeditions, etc. It can be seen that music played an important role in the lives of the court nobles. The unearthed papyrus documents also contain information about musical performances.

Egyptian harp: Among the reliefs unearthed in the Old Kingdom of the 3rd to 6th dynasties (2686 BC to 2181 BC), there is a shallow-bowed harp "Beni Qin", which is regarded as a sacred instrument. In the next 1,000 years, the "Beniqin" evolved into various styles, including deep bow shape, curved handle and scoop shape (similar to a harp), and boat shape.

In the 14th century BC, the triangular harp and long-necked lute from West Asia were introduced to Egypt. The size of the harp also changed from small to large, a double-reed wind instrument replaced the flute, and the scale changed from pentatonic to Seven sounds.

Percussion instruments appeared around the 27th century BC. From 3100 BC to 2686 BC, clapperboards decorated with various animal heads appeared, and soon various exquisitely carved instruments appeared. Percussion instruments such as castanets, bells, drums, and bells, and barrel drums were first seen in the 20th century BC.

In the preserved documents, from some lyrics that have survived to this day, it can be inferred that there have been as many as 40 paragraphs of multi-section songs; it is also recorded that the first professional musician Herm Lai (the king's concubine) appeared in the Old Kingdom (around 25th century BC). In the Middle Kingdom, a large number of folk musicians played on festive occasions, while in the New Kingdom, wandering entertainers and beggar musicians appeared.

The ancient Egyptians believed that musical phenomena were closely related to the movement of the universe and could even reflect the movement of celestial bodies, and they placed great emphasis on the moral and cultural role of music. These musical thoughts had a great influence on the musical thoughts of ancient Greece (the mathematician Pythagoras once lived in Egypt for 22 years, and the philosopher Plato also visited Egypt).