Whose work is "Farewell"?

Song "Farewell"

Introduction to Uncle Li's version

The tune of "Farewell" is taken from the American song "Dream of Home and Peace" composed by John P. Ordway Mother". When Li Shutong was studying in Japan, Japanese lyricist Inudong Qiuxi used the melody of "Dream of Home and Mother" to fill in the lyrics of a song called "Travel Sorrow". "Farewell" written by Li Shutong is based on "Traveler's Sorrow" by Goutong Qiuxi. "Farewell" does not involve teaching, has a long meaning, and the combination of music and literature is perfect. The lyrics are written in a long and short sentence structure, with concise language, sincere feelings and profound artistic conception. The song has a three-part structure, with each section consisting of two phrases. The first and third sections are exactly the same. The music rises and falls gently, depicting evening scenes such as pavilions, ancient roads, sunsets, and the sound of flutes, setting off a quiet and desolate atmosphere. The first phrase of the second section is in sharp contrast to the previous one, and the emotion turns into excitement, which seems to be a deep sigh. The second phrase reproduces the second phrase of the first phrase with slight changes, appropriately expressing the sadness of saying goodbye to friends. These similar or even repeated phrases in the song do not give people the impression of being cumbersome or nagging, but instead strengthen the integrity and unity of the work, giving it a special sense of beauty. "Outside the long pavilion, beside the ancient road, the green grass reaches the sky. The evening breeze blows the willow flute, and the sunset is outside the mountain..." The faint flute sound blows out the sorrow of separation, and the beautiful lyrics write the farewell mood, which makes people have mixed feelings when listening to it. The beginning and end echo the poet’s sentiments: seeing through the world of mortals.

This widely sung song is Li Shutong’s masterpiece.

Li Shutong is the pioneer of enlightenment in the history of modern music in my country. Li Shutong, who accepted European music culture, brought some ready-made tunes of European songs and filled in new words himself. The songs were a hit across the country. The melody has a strong foreign color, and the lyrics have a strong rhythm of old-style poetry. This is the original song, and it is also a song that announces the arrival of a new era. Li Shutong completed the historical mission of the Enlightenment with such songs.

Li Shutong is not only the most outstanding author of "school music" in China, but he also early paid attention to the traditional national cultural heritage as the theme of school music. In 1905, he compiled and published the "Guoxue Singing Collection" for school teaching, which selected 13 pieces from the "Book of Songs", "Chu Ci" and ancient poems, accompanied by Western and Japanese tunes, as well as two Kunqu operas. A collection of translated music scores. Among them, "Motherland Song" was one of the few school songs at that time with lyrics based on Chinese folk tunes, which inspired students' patriotic enthusiasm. Soon he traveled east to Japan and studied Western music, art, and drama theory, focusing on piano. He once founded my country's first music publication "Music Magazine" and strongly advocated the social educational function of music to "think about morality, promote social health, cultivate temperament, and appreciate the beauty of spirit." At the same time, he published songs that cherished the country and cared for the people, such as "My Country" and "Sui Diliu".

Li Shutong has preserved more than 70 music and song works in his lifetime. The music and songs compiled inherit the fine tradition of Chinese classical poetry, and most of them are lyrical works based on scenery. The accompanying words are elegance and elegance, the sounds are ups and downs, and the artistic conception is profound and full of charm. In addition, he has a relatively comprehensive knowledge of Chinese and Western music culture, and most of his selections are popular famous songs from European and American countries. The tunes are beautiful and moving, fresh and smooth, and the combination of lyrics and music is appropriate and smooth, complementing each other, and reaching a high artistic level. Therefore, his music and song works are widely loved by young students and intellectuals, such as "Farewell", "Remembering Childhood", "Dream", "West Lake", etc., especially "Farewell", which has been featured in the movies "Early Spring in February", "Old Things in the South of the City" was successfully selected as an interlude or theme song, and has become a symbol of the thoughts and feelings of Chinese young students or intellectuals in a historical period. "Spring Outing", composed of lyrics and music written by himself, is the earliest choral song currently available in our country.

Feng Zikai's edition

Li Shutong's handwriting on "Farewell" seems not to have survived. The first published version of "Farewell" was found in "Fifty Famous Chinese Songs" co-edited by Qiu Menghen and Feng Zikai. This book contains thirteen songs composed or composed by Li Shutong. Published by Kaiming Bookstore in August 1927. Some people say that this book was published in 1921, which is wrong. The font of the lyrics in this book is not standard printing, but handwritten. The person who wrote it may be the editor.

Outside the long pavilion,

beside the ancient road,

the green grass reaches the sky.

The evening breeze carries the faint sound of the willow flute,

The setting sun is outside the mountains.

At the end of the sky,

at the corner of the sea,

there are only a few close friends.

A pot of turbid wine will extinguish all the joy.

Don’t sleep in the cold tonight.

Feng Zikai (1898~1975) was Li Shutong’s student and had a close relationship with Li Shutong. After Li Shutong became a monk in 1918, the two had very close contacts. According to Feng Zikai's chronology, Li Shutong stayed at Feng Zikai's house in the autumn of 1927. Feng Zikai once recommended to others that Li Shutong's "composition and songwriting can be seen in "Fifty Famous Chinese Songs" published by Kaiming Bookstore." Therefore, the reliability of this version cannot be doubted and should be regarded as the authentic original version.

In the process of dissemination of Feng Zikai's version, some errors have occurred. The word "gou" in "yigu turbid wine" has several misnomers, such as "ladle", "pot", "cup", and "zun". The characters for "秚" and "槚" are similar in shape and may have been misidentified during the transmission and copying process.

However, "gob" is a vessel used by the ancients to hold wine, and "ladle" is a vessel used by farmers to ladle water from a water vat or take noodles from a noodle vat. How can they be confused and replaced. The pronunciation of "Hu" and "Gu" (yingu) are very close, so "Gu" was changed to "Hu", which must be due to poor listening during the singing process. As for the rumors about "cup" and "zun", the possibility of the singer's memory being wrong is relatively high.

Lin Haiyin version

Taiwanese female writer Lin Haiyin mentioned the song "Farewell" twice in her autobiographical novel "Old Things in the South of the City". The lyrics of "Farewell" she recorded are:

Outside the pavilion, beside the ancient road, the green grass stretches to the sky.

I asked you when you will come here, but don’t linger when you come.

At the end of the sky, in the corner of the earth, there are only a few close friends.

Life is rarely filled with reunions, but with separations.

There is a big difference between Lin Haiyin's version and Feng Zikai's version. Some people think that this is Lin Haiyin's memory error or incomplete memory of the original words, and he filled it in with fabrications. I don't agree with this statement. With Lin Haiyin's ability to remember childhood events, she will never forget the lyrics of the song "Farewell" that she has loved all her life. I thought that Lin Haiyin's version of "Farewell" did exist in history. It was once used as a ceremonial song sung at the graduation ceremony of the elementary school where Lin Haiyin studied in Beijing. Lin Haiyin called it "a farewell song for graduating classmates" in "Old Things in the South of the City". I think it's like this. That elementary school adopted "Farewell" as the "farewell song for graduating students", but because the lines in Li Shutong's original poem, such as "One glass of wine and the remaining joy" were not suitable for children to sing, they modified it. I only have doubts about the word "lai" in "Ask you when you will be here, don't linger when you come". In terms of meaning, it seems more appropriate to use "huan" here, and to avoid duplication with the "lai" that follows. . In the manuscripts uploaded online, it is true that "asking you when you are going to come back" is written as "asking you when you are going to return".

The movie "Old Things in the South" version

The use of "Farewell" in the movie "Old Things in the South" is not restricted by Lin Haiyin's version. It actually combines Feng Zikai's version and Lin Haiyin's version into one, but there are some differences. When the song "Farewell" appeared in the film, there were no subtitles. The two lyrics I recorded were:

Outside the long pavilion, beside the ancient road, the green grass stretches to the sky.

The evening wind blows the willow flute, and the sun sets outside the mountain.

At the end of the sky, in the corner of the earth, there are only a few close friends.

A ladle of turbid wine will extinguish all the joy, don’t sleep in the cold tonight.

Outside the pavilion, beside the ancient road, the green grass reaches the sky.

I asked you when you will come here, but don’t linger when you come.

At the end of the sky, at the corner of the sea, there are only a few close friends.

Life is rarely filled with joyous gatherings, but with many separations.

The biggest textual feature of this version is that the "corner of the land" in Feng Zikai's version and Lin Haiyin's version is changed to "corner of the sea". I don't know if there is any basis for this. In addition, I listened to the sentence "Wu Yu Huan" repeatedly, and I was sure that it was "Lao". Due to the special power of movies to spread, especially in the early 1980s, this version of "The Farewell" was the most widely spread. But I have to say that this version is not good.

Additional version by Chen Zhefu

Maybe because "Farewell" is relatively short, someone continued to fill in the lyrics after it became popular. Some continuation words were circulated along with the original words. Over time, they were mistakenly regarded as the second paragraph of Li Shutong's "Farewell". The most famous one is undoubtedly Chen Zhefu's continued poem.

Chen Zhefu (1867～1948) was born in Tianjin. Studied in Japan in 1903. After returning to China, he successively served as professor at Beijing Normal University (the predecessor of Beijing Normal University), director and professor of the Chinese Language Department at Yenching University, and president of the Beijing Children's Home. He lived in Tianjin after 1928. Chen Zhefu knew Li Shutong and may be related to Li Shutong. The sequel to "Farewell" written by him is included in the "Collection of Rensheng Songs" compiled by Du Tingxiu. The song collection was published by Rensheng Publishing House in December 1932. "Rensheng Song Collection" published Chen Zhefu's continuation lyrics and Li Shutong's original lyrics in the song "Farewell", forming a interpretation of "Farewell". The full word is:

Outside the long pavilion, beside the ancient road, the green grass reaches the sky.

The sound of the flute fades in the evening breeze at dawn, and the sun sets outside the mountains.

At the end of the sky, in the corner of the earth, there are only a few close friends.

One glass of turbid wine will extinguish all the joy, don’t sleep in the cold tonight.

Outside the pavilion, beside the ancient road, the green grass reaches the sky.

The sound of the flute fades in the evening breeze at dawn, and the sun sets outside the mountains.

Outside the pavilion, beside the ancient road, the green grass reaches the sky.

There is a solitary cloud with the soaring sound of geese, and the sun is filled with smoke and cold.

Shrike flies to the east, flies to the west, and is separated from the king.

Weeping like rain while holding my sleeves in hand, who can explain this feeling?

Outside the pavilion, beside the ancient road, the green grass reaches the sky.

The evening wind blows the willow flute, and the sun sets outside the mountain.

In the continuation of the poem, "Who is speaking of this feeling?", some also write "Who is speaking of this feeling?" Both are common, but which one is right and which one is wrong needs to be corrected by those who have seen the original book of "The Collection of Rensheng Songs". Some people mistakenly think it is "who will give me this love". In addition, some articles write "holding the sleeves to hold the clothes" as "holding the trousers to hold the clothes" or "holding the sleeves to hold the clothes", which is obviously wrong.

Chen Zhefu's continuation poem is not bad either, but it seems to be about the differences between men and women and the affection between children and children. It is not as broad in meaning as Li Shutong's original poem.

Anonymous continuation edition

There is another version of "Farewell":

Outside the pavilion, beside the ancient road, the green grass reaches the sky.

The evening wind blows the willow flute, and the sun sets outside the mountain.

At the end of the sky, in the corner of the earth, there are only a few close friends.

One glass of turbid wine will extinguish all the joy, don’t sleep in the cold tonight.

Time passes, leaving nothing behind, but today we are parted.

Li Ge sings farewell, but cares about each other but still relies on each other.

Although it is good to get together, parting is sad, and the world is interesting.

We will look forward to seeing you in the future. Don’t hesitate when you go.

Many people say that the second paragraph was also written by Li Shutong, but no one has provided original evidence. I analyze that this is also a sequel. This paragraph suddenly changes the style of the first paragraph to associate images and combine scenes. It makes comments about the passage of time, joys and sorrows, and it is in vain. The comments are actually a repetition of the meaning of the first paragraph, with no new ideas. As a lyric, it's also catchy and almost unsingable. Therefore, I judge that it was not written by Li Shutong. Fundamentally speaking, the original lyrics of "Farewell" are complete in content, with a beginning and an end, and there is no need for a second verse at all. Even if Li Shutong did write the second verse, it would be a continuation of Diao's actions.

This version of "Farewell" seems to have come from Hong Kong and Taiwan. I saw a test paper on the Internet titled "Taichung Municipal Junior High School's Second Score Test for the First Semester of the 89th Academic Year, First Grade Chinese Language and Literature" and used it as a reading test question. There are also articles in Hong Kong that believe it is the entire poem of "Farewell" by Li Shutong.

Feng Zikai Family Edition

Some people recalled that in his later years, Feng Zikai saw his children learning to sing "Farewell" and felt that children in the new era should sing energetic songs, so he refilled the The lyrics of "Farewell" were renamed "Spring Outing":

On Sunday, the weather was fine, and everyone went for a spring outing.

After passing one village after another, there are beautiful scenery everywhere.

Peach blossoms are red, willows are green, and cauliflower is like gold.

Clapping sounds amidst the singing, one after another.

This lyric is only similar in form to "Farewell" and does not constitute an interpretation of "Farewell". This is only introduced here as a tidbit in the dissemination history of "Farewell".

Other versions

Outside the pavilion, beside the ancient road, the green grass reaches the sky.

The evening wind blows the willow flute, and the sun sets outside the mountain.

At the end of the sky, in the corner of the earth, there are only a few close friends.

A cup of turbid wine will extinguish all the joy. Don’t sleep in the cold tonight.

Beautiful, swallow, weeping clay doll.

The dragonfly flew over the oleander, and the fairy disappeared (liao).

Little zebras, rose flowers, and shepherd fields.

In the sky where birds soar, the years pass quietly.

Time passes, leaving nothing behind, but today we are parted.

Li Ge sings farewell, but cares about each other but still relies on each other.

Although it is good to get together, parting is sad, and the world is interesting.

We will look forward to seeing each other in the future. Don’t hesitate when you go.

Xi Murong’s Farewell

Not all dreams have time to come true

Not all words have time to tell you

Guilt and Regret< /p>

It should always be planted deeply in the heart after parting

Although they say

Everything in the world will eventually come to nothing

I am not It’s not my intention to miss it

But I’ve been doing this all the time

I miss the flower-filled yesterday

I want to miss today

Today I still have to repeat the same parting

We will be strangers for the rest of our lives

A thousand miles apart in the dusk

I bow my head deeply to you

< p>Please cherish it for me

Although they say everything in the world

In the end it will all come to nothing

Anonymous Farewell

Yang Liuqing The green trees are hanging down from the ground, and the poplar flowers are flying in the sky.

When all the wicker branches are broken and the flowers fly away, I would like to ask passers-by whether they are returning home.

Translation:

The willows are green and the willow branches are hanging down on the ground, and the poplar flowers are flying all over the sky.

When the willows are broken and the poplar flowers are gone, may I ask when the conscripts will return? ——The poet grasped the symbolic thing-willow, and expressed his sorrow of separation through description and rendering. The first two games try their best to exaggerate the overwhelming force of willows and poplar flowers, thereby highlighting the lingering and difficult feeling of parting.

The last two games are written when the willows are still flying out, which reflects the uncertainty of the return date of the expedition, which intensifies the somber atmosphere of farewell

Zhou Chuanxiong's Farewell

Lyrics:

The silent rain outside the car window kept falling

Wetting the blurred memory

At that time

We wanted to conquer the world

Growing up uneasily in the changing seasons

Growing up

We learned to show off

Being reckless and reckless

Over the years

I have begun to understand how scary it is to be alone