Vocal music:

The human voice can be divided into soprano, mezzo-soprano, alto and tenor, baritone and bass according to the difference in range and timbre. The range of each human voice is approximately two octaves. The vocal range of a soprano is usually from middle C, which is the lower part C to third lower part C. Soprano singers can be divided into three categories: lyrical, coloratura and drama due to differences in timbre, range and singing skills. Lyrical sopranos have a broad and clear voice, and are good at singing singing tunes and expressing poetic and inner feelings. "The Resentment of the Yellow River" in Xian Xinghai's "Yellow River Cantata" is a lyric soprano solo. The vocal range of a coloratura soprano is higher than that of an average soprano. The sound is light and flexible, rich in color, and similar in nature to the flute. It is good at singing fast scales, pauses and decorative gorgeous tunes, expressing joyful and enthusiastic emotions or expressing the ideals in the heart. For example, Italian composer Benedict's vocal variation "Carnival of Venice" is sung by a coloratura soprano solo. The dramatic soprano has a strong voice, can express strong, exciting, and complex emotions, and is good at singing dramatic and noisy narratives. "The Return" from Act 1, Scene 1 of Italian composer Verdi's opera "Aida" is a typical dramatic soprano solo.

The range and timbre of a mezzo-soprano are between soprano and alto. The range usually ranges from the a in the second group of small characters below the middle c to the a in the second group of small characters. The heroine Carmen in the opera "Carmen" by the French composer Bizet is a slutty and aggressive gypsy girl. The use of mezzo-soprano singing perfectly expresses Carmen's wildness.

The alto is the lowest voice in the female voice, and its range usually ranges from the f in the lower part of the middle c to the f in the second part of the lower part. The timbre is not as bright as the soprano, but it is fuller and more solid. The "Olga's Narrative" in Act 1, Scene 1 of Russian composer Tchaikovsky's opera "Eugene Onegin" is sung by an alto solo.

The tenor is the highest part of the male voice, and the range usually ranges from the c in the small group below the middle c to the c in the second group of small letters. According to the characteristics of timbre, it can be divided into two categories: lyrical and dramatic. The lyric tenor is also as clear and poetic as the lyric soprano, and is good at singing singing tunes. The dramatic tenor's voice is powerful and heroic. Good at expressing strong emotions. The hero Hermann in Tchaikovsky's opera "The Queen of Spades" is a typical dramatic tenor.

The bass is the lowest pitch of the male voice. The range usually ranges from E in the big group to E in the small group. According to the characteristics of timbre, it can also be subdivided into lyrical bass and deep bass. The bass has a deep and rich tone, and is good at expressing solemn majesty and vigorous and calm emotions. Yang Bailao in the opera "The White-Haired Girl" composed by Marco et al. is the bass, and his strong singing voice expresses the sorrow and indignation in his heart.

The range and timbre of a baritone is between that of a tenor and a bass, and to a certain extent has the characteristics of both. The vocal range generally ranges from A-flat in the big-character group to A-flat in the small-character group. "Ode to the Yellow River" from Xian Xinghai's "Yellow River Cantata" is a famous baritone solo. With its generous melody and majestic spirit, this song shows a magnificent picture of the Yellow River, which symbolizes the great and noble spirit of our nation.

Basically divided into:

Bel Canto

Bel Canto originated in Italy. It is a set of vocal art that has developed over a long period of time since the 17th century. The technique has a complete theoretical system. Bel Canto emphasizes the control of breath and the use of vocals. It requires pure, soft and bright pronunciation, the ability to maintain uniformity and mellowness of the voice throughout the entire singing range, and effortless singing with brilliant and brilliant effects. And accumulated a set of methods for training singing skills such as high pitch, falsetto and soft voice. Bel Canto has a profound influence on the development of vocal art in various countries around the world. The famous tenor and outstanding opera singer Caruso (1873-1921) is the most important founder of the Italian bel canto school. Today's famous tenors Pavarotti (Italian) and Domingo (Spanish) are outstanding representatives of the Italian bel canto school.

National singing method

National singing method refers to my country’s traditional national vocal music singing method, which includes various traditional singing methods of operas, folk arts and folk songs in various regions of our country. Ethnic singing attaches great importance to the relationship between language and music. It pays attention to the pronunciation rules of the singing language to deal with the vocalization, chanting, and accent. It pays attention to the five tones, four exhalations, outgoing sounds, return rhymes, and closing sounds of the pronunciation. The national singing method has a strong Chinese national temperament, personality and style. Since the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, there have been a number of systematic singing treatises published, such as: [Yuan] Yan Nanzhi'an's "Singing Theory", [Ming] Wei Liangfu's "Qulv", [Ming] Shen Chongsui's "Singing Theory" "Instructions for Songs", [Qing Dynasty] Xu Dachun's "Yuefu Chuansheng", [Qing Dynasty] Li Yu's "Idle Feelings Occasionally Send", etc.

Popular singing

Popular singing gradually emerged in my country in the 1980s. As an integral part of world-wide popular culture, it has been generally welcomed by the Chinese people. Popular singing can also be called pop singing. It has artistic characteristics such as popularity and self-entertainment, and is good at expressing inner emotions with the individual as the main body.

Generally speaking, their singing focuses on mastering the rhythm of the language, paying attention to the clarity and euphemism of enunciation and enunciation, and often uses soft voice, breathy voice, vibrato, portamento, timbre changes and other decorative techniques in singing. Popular singing has not yet formed a systematic vocal training system. Among them, "singing wildly" with a hoarse and dry tone and "singing" with artificial and artificial gestures are not part of the righteousness of vocal art, and are not acceptable to the music theory community, and should be abandoned.

Instrumental music:

Classification of musical works:

1. Category 1: Musical works can generally be divided into vocal music, instrumental music, dramatic music (including opera music , dance drama music, drama soundtrack, etc.) three categories. The musical part of dramatic music is also included in vocal music and instrumental music, and is usually incorporated into vocal music and instrumental music respectively.

2. Category 2: Musical works are divided into creative music and folk music. Generally speaking, "foreign musical works" refer to professionally created musical works.

3. Category 3: There are classical music and modern music.