Source of works
"Looking east when you go out, tears fall on your skirts" comes from "Joining the Army in the Tenth Five-Year Plan". The tenth five-year military service system, also known as Zixu's Ci, is a kind of Yuefu poem in the Han and Wei Dynasties, which belongs to the cross-blowing Ci. The author's anonymity, also known as anonymity, refers to a person whose identity is unknown or whose name is unknown. Literature and music works originated from ancient times or folk, no one knows who created them, and they all take anonymous as the author's name. The literary genre of the work is five-character ancient poetry.
This poem depicts various scenes of a veteran who fought abroad on his way home and after his arrival, and reveals the cruel slavery of the working people and the destruction of human nature caused by the unreasonable military service system in ancient society, which has certain epic significance. There is a feeling of resentment and sadness in poetry and painting, and the tone is extremely sad. The narrative of the whole poem is natural and smooth, the language is simple and true, and it has the characteristics of Han Yuefu folk songs.
original work
Fifteenth, join the army
Anonymous [Han dynasty]
He joined the army at the age of fifteen and didn't come back until he was eighty.
Every villager will ask, "Who is at home?"
"From a distance, it is your home, and there are countless tombs of pine and cypress."
Rabbits enter from the dog's sinus and pheasants fly from the beam.
In the atrium, Green Valley was born, and in the well, Lv Kui was born.
Grains are used as hoes and sunflower as soup.
The soup and rice have been cooked for a while, and I don't know who it will be.
Going out and looking east, tears fell on my clothes.
Annotation of works
(1) sign: one is "line".
(2) Start: Talent. Home: Go home.
Feng Dao: I met him on the road.
(4) A (ā) Who: The ancients spoke, meaning "who". Ah, auxiliary words.
⑸ Jun: Your respectful address is equivalent to "you".
(6) conifers (bǐ i): conifers. Zhǒng: Tomb. Numerous: one after another.
(7) Dog sinus (Dü u): a hole in the wall for dogs to go in and out. Sinus and acupoint.
⑻ Ⅰ (zh): pheasant.
(9) Atrium: the courtyard in front of the house. Travel: Travel, plants are wild, no need to sow.
⑽ Sunflower: Sunflower, young leaves can be eaten.
⑾ (ch ū ng) Valley: Tamp the shell of millet. Fàn: It's the same as the ancient "rice".
⑿ soup (gēng): food with thick juice made of vegetable leaves.
A moment: Right away.
[14] Yi: Send, give away. One is called "Li".
⒂ Look: One is called "Look".
[16] Touch: infiltration.
Translation of works
Fifteen-year-old boy Lang was recruited to fight until he was eighty years old.
A rural neighbor in Lu Yu asked, "Who else is in my family?"
"Your position is now a grave in the pine and cypress forest."
Walking to the door, I saw rabbits coming in and out of the dog hole and pheasants flying around the roof.
There are wild millet in the yard and wild sunflower around the well.
Cook rice with shelled wild grain and pick sunflower leaves to cook soup.
Both soup and rice are ready in a short time, but I don't know who to give them to.
Out of the door, looking east, full of tears, flapping on the clothes.
Creation background
According to the interpretation of Yuefu's ancient poems, the Tenth Five-Year Conscription has been enjoyed in the Jin Dynasty. Before it was used as a cross-wind song, it was difficult to find out whether it had ever enjoyed music. This poem may have been originally a folk song during the great turmoil in the Han and Wei Dynasties, and was created to accuse the cruel and complicated military service system.
works appreciation
The Fifteenth Conscription is a narrative poem, which describes the tragic scene of a veteran who joined the army at the age of fifteen and retired at the age of eighty on his way home, exposes the harm of unreasonable military service system in feudal society to human nature, and reflects the injustice and pain of working people under the dark military service system at that time. The work is true and profound, which makes people cry.
The beginning of the work is extraordinary: "I joined the army at the age of fifteen and returned to the team at the age of eighty." Frankly speaking, these two sentences, when a veteran joined the army at the age of fifteen and returned at the age of eighty, seem unremarkable, like a casual remark, but they are intriguing and impressive. He joined the army in the tenth five-year plan, and where he went is not explained in the poem. His life and war situation in the army are not explained in the poem. This leaves a lot of imagination for readers. But one thing is clear, that is, he "joined the army" because of the war and walked for decades. The contrast between "post-80s" and "Tenth Five-Year Plan" highlights the long time of "enlistment". The echo of "starting all over again" and "joining the army" shows that he never gave up halfway. Eighty years old is a fictional writing, which is about the long military time and the heavy military.
Because he joined the army in the 15th and returned in the 1980s, he lost contact with his family for decades and knew nothing about his family, so the veterans were eager to know about the family. This naturally leads to the following-the dialogue between veterans and villagers on their way home. Song, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Now I am near my village, I dare not ask anyone", which reflects his ambivalence of returning home after a long separation. It is different from this poem, but it leads to the same goal by different routes. Song's poem is about his eagerness to know about his family on his way home, but it is straightforward. Both of them show the true feelings of people who have returned home after a long separation. The answer of "village people" in this poem is very clever. It didn't specify who else was in the veteran's family, but pointed to many high graves covered with pine and cypress in the distance and said, "That's your home." The implication is: "There is no one else in your family." In fact, "village people" don't have the heart to tell the truth in this way, for fear that veterans can't bear the pain of losing their families at once. This kind of ink obviously writes sad feelings in a sad scene, which also echoes the following. "Everyone in the village said,' Who's at home?' "The protagonist's ideological context has entered the vast wilderness and long ancient road from decades of fighting life, and the status quo of his loved ones' homes has changed from endless imagination to eager, eager and afraid inquiry. Just as the protagonist's long-term campaign life is not detailed, the work also omits the description of his surprise of staying at home, running on the road and meeting the villagers. The question "Who is at home" leads to the focus of work-home. Young people leave home, old people return, and the local accent has not changed. "For decades, how dare you expect the whole family to be safe, your loved ones are alive, and there will be one or two survivors? So he just asked who else in the family was lucky enough to survive. The answer of the "village people" is like a basin of ice water standing in the ice and snow: "From a distance, it is your home, with many pines and cypresses. "In these turbulent years, no relatives survived. Full of hope, full of love, decades of wind, frost, rain and snow, decades of accumulated feelings in the bottom of my heart, can not talk to others, express.
The reality in front of us is: "rabbits enter from the dog's sinus and pheasants fly from the beam;" In the atrium, there is a traveling valley, and in the well, there is a traveling sunflower. "From a distance, I can see a more desolate and sad scene. The author didn't say that the room was empty, but he caught the rabbit and saw people get into the dog hole and thought he was safe. The pheasant flew to the beam in the room and thought he was safe. The veteran did not have a straight book garden, but only took two "shots" of sunflower and grain growth at random by the well and atrium. People go to the empty building and die in the garden, which is even more detrimental to the image. A travel-stained old man stood in front of his "home" which used to be full of cooking fires and tidy gardens, feeling lonely. He looked forward to his home for decades, but no relatives greeted him. It's even ten times and a hundred times worse than he imagined ... The author didn't express his feelings directly, but his works received a stronger lyric effect than direct lyric.
Some misty, some ignorant, some sad old people, like "pine and cypress burial", have become numb to the desolate feeling of their homeland. So he silently peeled off the shell of the ripe millet and picked the tender leaves of the winter sunflower. When the meal was ready and the soup was boiling, it suddenly occurred to him that he didn't know who to give it to.
"Going out and looking east, tears fell on my skirt." He walked out of the dilapidated door and looked east. He may still have hope. Who did he see, what did he see, his long-lost relatives, or nothing. He walked out of his fantasy blankly and burst into tears. He can't cry like a young man, only decades of hardships, decades of thoughts, decades of expectations, decades of battlefield dust and decades of vicissitudes of tears fall on dusty clothes. The words "tears on my skirt" are saturated with rich, profound and painful emotional connotations. At the end of the poem, the emotional concentration of the author and the reader reached its peak.
The whole poem highlights the image of the old soldier and also focuses on the image of "home". At the same time, the image of "village people" who only wrote a pen is also very distinct. The weather-beaten old man, outspoken villagers and the barren grave home of withered grass and cypress together constitute a true and moving picture with social significance, which typically reflects one aspect of the social reality in the Han Dynasty. In particular, the narrative in which the protagonist and his family contrast each other pushes the theme and artistic level of the work to a new height: those who have served in military service for decades are actually the only survivors of the whole family, and those relatives who have not served in military service have green pines and cypresses on their graves. It is conceivable that their poverty and misery before their death are worse than the foot soldiers who are likely to die every moment; The work specifically describes the unfortunate experience and painful feelings of the hero who fought for his country for decades but could not return home, but was homeless after returning home. Compared with his relatives who had to live in a silent, dark and cold grave, his misfortune was "lucky". In this way, the work not only exposes the darkness and evil of the feudal military service system, but also shows the misfortune of an 80-year-old man, reflects the darkness of the whole social reality at that time, shows the misfortune of all the people, the depression of society and the turmoil of the times, and sublimates the theme of the work.
This poem is ingenious and natural, focusing on the veterans' returning experiences and emotional changes. The whole poem is concise, profound and dignified, the choice of content and the arrangement of structure are just right, and it is unique, and it has received the artistic effect of "meaning in a thousand words, theme in a thousand words, far-reaching artistic conception and long lasting charm". The whole poem uses line drawing to describe the characters, with distinct levels and simple language. It expresses the sadness in a sad scene, which is quite distinctive and can also reflect the artistic characteristics of Han Yuefu's lyricism based on local materials.
Famous comments
Lu Shiyong in Ming Dynasty: "honest and frank is bold and unconstrained, like Yuefu language." (Notes on China's Poems and Talks)
Fang Shudong in Qing Dynasty: "Recruiting soldiers in the Tenth Five-Year Plan" is only a narrative technique, but the chaos of the scene is unimaginable. "This is Xiaoya's legacy, which Duke Du later learned." (Zhao Wei Yan Yan, Volume 2)
The influence of later generations
This is a poem that exposes the cruel slavery and harm of the unreasonable military service system in feudal society to the working people, and Du Fu's famous Homelessness is also influenced by this poem.