He Luting (1903- 1999), formerly known as Kai He, was born in Shaoyang, Hunan. I was influenced by a lot of folk music when I was a child. From 65438 to 0924, he entered Changsha Yue Yun School, majoring in piano, violin and harmony. 1926 Ren Zhongxue music teacher. 193 1 He was admitted to Shanghai Conservatory of Music and studied harmony, counterpoint and composition under Huang Zi. Participated in Hunan peasant movement and Guangzhou uprising in his early years. Later, he served as a teacher of Wuchang Art College and the head of music department of star film company. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Lugouqiao joined the Shanghai National Salvation Drama Troupe 1 team and later taught at Chongqing Yucai School. After the Southern Anhui Incident, he joined the New Fourth Army and engaged in music creation and teaching in the Military Department and the Huazhong Branch of Lu Xun Art College. From 65438 to 0943, he went to Yan 'an, and served as the music teacher of the propaganda team of the political department of the Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Jinsui Joint Defense Army and the head of the Yan 'an Central Orchestra. 1945, taught in north university of china. During the War of Liberation, he was the head of the North China Cultural and Art Troupe. 1949 * * Joined China. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as the president of Shanghai Conservatory of Music, the fourth vice-chairman of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, the second and third vice-chairmen of the China Musicians Association, and the fifth and sixth CPPCC Standing Committee. Author of Selected Music Papers of He Lvting. During the ten-year turmoil, he was persecuted by the Gang of Four. Under the influence of the Gang of Four, his upright image of Lu Ji was praised as a "hard-core musician". 1999 died in Shanghai on April 27th.
He Lvting-Personal Profile
He Lvting (1903 ~ 1999) is a famous composer and musician in China. He created many works of different genres, which had great influence in China. He composed 3 oratorios, 24 chorus songs, nearly 100 songs, 6 piano music, 6 orchestral music, more than 65,438+00 movie music, and also published an anthology of He Luting's music papers. The songs he composed during his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, such as Guerrilla Song, Ken Chunni and On the Jialing River, have been circulated at home and abroad, and are still excellent works in concerts and singing activities. Instrumental works include piano solo Piccolo and Lullaby, and orchestral work Senjidema and Dusk. Among them, "The Cowboy Piccolo" won the first prize in the activity of "Requiring China Style Piano Music" held by 1934 Alexander Chilru. His film soundtrack was famous in the 1930s. His films include Children of the Storm, Crossroads and Street Angels. The interludes in the movies In Spring, Four Seasons Songs and The Singing Girl are still household names and have been sung for a long time. He Lvting is also a music educator and activist, who has made great contributions to music education in China. The shepherd boy piccolo was written by He Lvting in 1934, and it was named after the China nursery rhyme "Little shepherd boy, riding on the back of an ox, piccolo has no mouth to blow". The whole song is Aba's reappearance of triad. A quiet and unique, two polyphonic melodies are combined together, just like two shepherd boys riding a warm tour of cattle, talking nonsense and blowing freely. B is lively and happy, and A is polyphonic music accompanied by harmony.
This music with distinctive musical image and strong Jiangnan style is of pioneering significance in the creation of foreign musical instruments (such as piano and violin) in China. It is still a reserved teaching material in piano teaching. He Lvting was exposed to folk musical instruments and organs in his childhood. 65438-0924 entered the Art College of Yue Yun School to study piano, violin and music theory. 1926 after graduation, I worked as a middle school music teacher. 1927 participated in the uprising in Guangzhou and Haifeng. 193 1 entered the Shanghai national conservatory of music and studied composition with Huang Zi. 1934' s piano music piccolo and lullaby won the first and second prizes of Russian composer Qi Erpin's "Looking for piano music with China flavor" respectively. 1936 served as the chief of the music department of Star Film Company, and wrote music and episodes for many films such as Urban Scenery, Crossroads and Street Angels. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he went to North China and Chongqing to participate in anti-Japanese propaganda activities, and wrote songs such as Guerrilla Song, Protecting Hometown, Ken Chunni and Jialing River. 65438-0940 Director of Music Group of Chongqing Yucai School. 194 1 joined the Lu Xun Art Troupe of the New Fourth Army. From 65438 to 0943, he went to Yan 'an as a music teacher of the propaganda team of the five provinces' joint defense forces. During the War of Liberation, he was the head of Yan 'an Central Philharmonic Orchestra and North China Cultural and Art Troupe, and composed orchestral works Dusk and Senjidema. After People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded, he served as the president of Shanghai Conservatory of Music, the vice chairman of China Musicians Association and the chairman of Shanghai Branch for a long time. His works include the opera Long March (Cooperation), the chorus The Ming Tombs Reservoir, The Violin Lark and the movie Music Song Jingshi. He Lvting's music has a wide range of genres, strong artistry and strong national style and flavor of the times. While composing music, he also translated Theory and Practice of Harmony Acoustics, and wrote a lot of constructive music comments and theoretical works.
He Lvting-Personal Contribution
In He Lvting's music career, composing songs for progressive films in 1930s is one of the most prominent and influential aspects in his music creation. Since 1930s, China film industry has entered the era of talking about movies. At that time, movie music basically appeared in the form of songs. Composers such as Nie Er, Xian Xinghai, Ren Guang and Lu Ji all created excellent songs for progressive films. During the period of 1934- 1937, He Lvting devoted himself to the revolutionary torrent of resisting Japan and saving the nation with great enthusiasm, actively engaged in the music work of progressive films, and worked closely with the left-wing film directors at that time, successively for Nostalgia, Crossroads, Street Angels, Ancient Pagoda, Urban Scenery and Boat Girl. Among them are Song of the Four Seasons, Singing Girl, Dawn in the West Lake, In Spring, Autumn Water, Goddess, New China, Fighting for the Motherland and so on. Song of the Four Seasons and Singing Girl are two episodes of Street Angels by left-wing director Yuan. He Luting used two Suzhou folk songs "Crying on July 7th" and "Intimate Guest" as music materials for adapting the orchestration. The tune of "Genv" adopts the folk music "Cut Indigo Flower Tune" which is popular in towns in southern Jiangsu. The melody is fresh and meticulous, with delicate embellishment and more pitch modification, which is very Jiangnan style. These two episodes were sung by Zhou Xuan, a star known as "Golden Voice" at that time. They are simple, natural and unpretentious. Once the film was released, it was immediately affirmed in the society and spread quickly, and it was sung by people from then on. "Spring Dawn on the West Lake" is an episode of the left-wing film "Ship Mother" directed by Shen Xiling. Written by He Lvting 1934, the film tells the tragic story of a woman rocking a boat in West Lake, Hangzhou, China, which was influenced by dark forces. The whole song runs through the rhythm mode of 6/8 beats of Tik Tok, and points out the typical environment of the film through the Venetian boat songs. The first paragraph uses the soprano solo to describe the elegant charm of the West Lake with "faint smoke on the mountainside"; In the second paragraph, the author adopts the form of four-tone mixed chorus, and adopts the method of open three-level processing in harmony, which deliberately embodies the vivid charm of The Sound of Willow Waves and the Awakening of the West Lake. The third paragraph is the comparison of the whole song. The melody sometimes twists and turns downward and sometimes jumps. Change the chorus texture to match the introduction of harmonic progression and Lv Ji, and render the picturesque meaning of "green mountains and green waters" with staggered rhythmic beauty; The fourth and fifth paragraphs are inverted to reproduce the first and second paragraphs, and the piano is skillfully used instead of human voice to supplement the aesthetic taste of "rocking the boat in the painting". The whole song has profound artistic conception, rigorous composition, refined techniques, lyrical music and graceful and depressed temperament.
In the progressive films of 1930s, there were not only creators, but also people who chose from the existing songs according to the needs of film artistic expression. This song selection method has become a unique creation of movie songs in the form of pictures and stories. Its focus is not on the new creation of music, but on the relationship between music and movies. As an important way to create movie songs, collocation has created many good songs suitable for movies. Among them, He Luting's Guerrilla Song was chosen as the episode of the film young chinese. 1937 after the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, He Lvting went to the masses with the Shanghai Art Troupe to publicize the war of resistance. Guerrilla songs were written by him after he arrived in Linfen, Shanxi with the troupe at the end of 1937. The whole song runs through snare drum's elastic and energetic rhythm. Through the lively and majestic tunes, it shows the optimism and winning belief of guerrilla fighters, and shapes the image of guerrilla fighters full of revolutionary optimism in the hard struggle environment. He Lvting adopted popular language and popular form, and boldly absorbed the performance factors of foreign revolutionary songs (such as weak snare drum rhythm, big-mode seven-tone melody, out-of-tune techniques, etc.). ), and formed a short and vivid works, both extensive mass and high artistry. This song was chosen as a movie song, which made the artistic expression of the movie more colorful, and at the same time it was widely spread through the media of the movie. He Lvting successfully used almost all forms of songs in his film music creation in just a few years. Music styles are lyrical and euphemistic, high-spirited and exciting; There are both Chinese folk music styles and foreign songs, especially foreign revolutionary songs. In order to adapt to the broad themes and diverse characters of movies, He Lvting created many music works that are deeply loved by the people. He Lvting has an important historical position in the creation of modern film music. His film songs are diverse in genre, beautiful in melody and distinctive in artistic personality. His movie song creation not only enriches the artistic expression of movies, but also promotes the development of movie music art based on movie songs and song creation. It has had a great influence on the large-scale development of anti-Japanese national salvation singing and social music life. Since 1930s, with the efforts of musicians and the attention of the public, movie songs have become a new and important category of modern vocal music with the help of powerful mass media, movies and their own artistic characteristics and charm. Its appearance and rapid development is also an important symbol of the maturity of modern China's new music culture. He Lvting's movie songs are widely sung and become the treasures of modern popular movie music. He is one of the composers who wrote many movie songs in modern times, and he is a valuable asset of China's movie music culture.
Nationalized style
Nationalization is the soul of music creation. Every nation in the world has its own thoughts, living habits and cultural traditions. Music is an important part of national culture, and it also has its own development track and characteristics. On the nationalization of music, He Lvting has a lot of theoretical discussions. He once said: "As a China person, it is impossible not to advocate China's national music." "The serious task before us is to inherit the huge and complicated national music heritage left by our ancestors for thousands of years, and to sort it out and develop it to create a new China national music culture worthy of the great people of China." He also said: "Music should have a national style." "The more folk music, the more lively it is, and the more popular it is with any nation in the world." "Since there was a nation in the world, there has been an exchange of national cultures. Communication will not only destroy national music, but will promote the development of national music. " He further appealed: "To create a new China national music culture worthy of the great people of China." [4] On the issue of how to nationalize music creation, he once talked about his own experience in creating instrumental music works: "Our instrumental music works should have strong national characteristics, especially in the creation of tunes." He also wrote to an amateur author, saying, "To write a song, we should learn folk songs, not only its language and style, but also its musical structure."
In the creative practice
There are several types of "transformation" in He Lvting, which are also developing and advancing. According to my limited materials and shallow analysis, there are three main types of He Lvting's folk music creation: 1 and folk song adaptation. For example, Four Seasons Songs, Singing Girls, Dongfanghong, etc. Although it was adapted, it revolutionized the original materials; 2. Make use of specific folk songs, such as chorus "Ken Chun Mud" and orchestral "Senjidema", which are similar to folk music materials in style and charm; 3. Use folk music materials to create a "combination" style. This is He Lvting's most numerous works, especially the piano piece Cowboy Piccolo, the chorus song Guerrilla Song and the solo on Jialing River. Indeed, in a large number of works he created, although it can be seen that he picked up the elements of national folk music and borrowed the forms and techniques of western music, he could not find any traces of which folk songs and forms he borrowed. From this perspective, He Lvting can be regarded as a master of creating modern music in China style.
He Lvting-Introduction to the Works
Shepherd boy piccolo He Lvting
Piano works, no matter from the timbre, multi-voice processing, or from the musical connotation, can best represent China's style, and also become a sign that the piano, a "foreign instrument", began to have China's works. China is one of the world-renowned excellent piano works. 1934, when Alexander Qi Erpin, a famous European composer and pianist, came to China to collect China-style piano works, he held the China Piano Works Competition. He Luting, who was studying at Shanghai National Conservatory of Music at that time, applied for the title of "Cowboy Piccolo" and won the first prize. After that, Qi Erpin took this piano piece to Europe to play and published it in Japan. Since then, this piano piece has become famous at home and abroad, and it has become one of the standing repertoire of pianists from all over the world. This piano sketch echoes and answers two polyphonic melodies with fresh and smooth lines, and successfully imitates the characteristics of China's national musical instrument-the flute, thus showing the audience a traditional China ink painting, as if people could see a shepherd boy riding on the back of a cow and playing the flute leisurely. He Lvting, the author, once said, "The Shepherd Boy Piccolo I wrote is said to be this folk song or that folk song. In fact, it's nothing, but it's an out-and-out China folk style ... because you know too many folk songs, you naturally have a folk style. " The whole song is divided into three paragraphs. The first paragraph is like a faint ink painting. A shepherd boy rode on the back of a cow, playing his flute leisurely and wandering in the field. His innocence is very cute. It can be said that this is a self-portrait of the author's childhood. The middle part of the music is a traditional folk dance style, with cheerful rhythm and melody. Finally, reproduce the theme of the first paragraph. This piece of music has a strong local flavor and is a creative example of China's modern piano music creation. This typical European music structure is borrowed, vivid and natural, and has no sense of carving. The organic treatment of another sound corresponding to the flute is the most successful example of European polyphony in China's works.
He Lvting-Heluting Concert Hall
The Heluting Concert Hall with European classical style is located in Shanghai Conservatory of Music, No.20 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, and is shaded by trees. The architectural style of the concert hall is steady and generous, elegant and luxurious, and it is integrated with the architectural style of the adjacent office building. The architectural stage space of the concert hall is integrated with the audience space. Without the curtain, the performance was performed entirely with natural sounds. This is a professional symphony and chamber music concert hall. The construction area of the concert hall is 4324 square meters. The theater covers an area of 537 square meters with a height of 14 meter. Classical European style, tall, bright and beautiful. Stage area of open professional concert hall125m2. It can accommodate three bands. The stage platform is14.9m wide and 8.4m deep. There are 742 seats in the concert hall, which are the auditorium on the first floor and the balcony seats on the second floor. The architectural and acoustic design of the concert hall refers to Vienna Golden Hall, Boston Concert Hall and Amsterdam Concert Hall, all of which are rectangular. In order to meet the international standard of reverberation time 1.8 seconds (intermediate frequency), a lot of special technologies and new materials were used in the design and construction of concert hall. The auxiliary rooms of the concert hall are: the first floor: VIP lounge, actor locker room, command lounge and piano storage room; Second floor: symphony rehearsal room; Third floor: folk music rehearsal room. There are office buildings on each floor. French architect Xia Bangjie's evaluation after visiting He Luting Concert Hall is "very professional and ideal". Since its opening on September 9, 2003, He Lvting Concert Hall has performed 477 performances by the end of 2005 (including 6/kloc-0 performances in 2003, 88 performances in 2004/kloc-0 performances and 228 performances in 2005). Main performances in 2005: Shanghai Conservatory of Music International piano master Class, Shanghai Spring International Music Festival, 5th Shanghai International Opera Master Class Concert, Liszt International piano master Class, 3rd China Shanghai International Piano Competition, and 05 Shanghai International Percussion Week. He Lvting Music, with its intelligent and modern theater function and relying on the profound music resources of Shanghai Conservatory of Music, is willing to make due contributions to the establishment of the "Golden Hall" in China and the music culture of the Chinese nation.
He Lvting-Personal Works
His major musical works include The Singing Girl, Song of the Four Seasons, Song of Guerrillas, On the Jialing River, Piccolo by the Shepherd, and orchestral music such as Senjidema and The Party. In the past half century, He Luting has composed three chorus songs, twenty-four chorus songs, nearly one hundred songs, six piano songs, six orchestral music, more than ten movie songs, some Miao songs and instrumental solos, and also wrote Selected Music Papers by He Luting.
He Lvting-Personal Evaluation
He Lvting's works are rigorous in artistic structure and logical in music development. He Lvting has an important historical position in the creation of modern film music. His film songs are diverse in genre, beautiful in melody and distinctive in artistic personality. His movie song creation not only enriches the artistic expression of movies, but also promotes the development of movie music art based on movie songs and song creation. In He Lvting's music career, composing songs for progressive films in 1930s is one of the most prominent and influential aspects in his music creation. After liberation, Mr He Lvting devoted himself to music teaching. He has served as the dean of Shanghai Conservatory of Music (Department of Journalism) and founded the middle school and primary school attached to Shanghai Conservatory of Music, which has trained a large number of outstanding music talents for the country. During this period, he also created a large number of music works, and wrote articles such as My Views on the Reform of Traditional Chinese Opera Music, On Music Creation, and National Music Issues, which made indelible contributions to the construction of China's music industry.