Hangzhou dialect---Hangzhou wind, a handful of green onions; clusters of flowers, empty inside. (It used to refer to some people in Hangzhou who only talk empty words but are not pragmatic)?

Tangshan---Zou Hua Nie? = What to do? Take it = dirty can get it = snot dijiaoer = local Tina = I’m so hungry. Hu Luzi = gecko?

Do you know? = I don’t know if the shoes are loose. = The heels of the shoes are too weird yesterday. = Very good. What’s wrong with this place?

Huo Zi=tomato, blind, white, sixty-nine=nonsense, deceased=deliberate? Blind=nonsense?Change=from time to time=morning?

Baishan---[End Page 克] āi kēi To be criticized or reprimanded. [Example] That guy~how many times has he lost his face?

[Aigu] āi gu begged. [Example] "What's wrong with the little white shoes~, he just won't agree.?

[爱小儿] ài xiǎor is greedy for cheap, seeking small profits. [Example] That boss Jiang is a rich country man, greedy for money~... ?

[eight poles cannot be pulled] bā　gān·zi bō·la bù záo irrelevant, no connection

[top-notch] bá jiānr (1) to win, to get ahead . [Example] The second girl is the best among the sisters.

[Bāi·che] Talk and be reasonable. [Example] "Uncle Yang, let me take the broken sofa home< /p>

[半拉克] bàn lǎ kē jī Incomplete things; half-finished work. [Example] If he gets the plow stick, he won't do it anymore. ?

Tianjin---Beier: adverb, very, very meaning, such as: Beierererer

Baihuo: endless chatter and bragging, Beijing is called Shankan , Talking about the mountains

Babai: Trampling and walking randomly; for example, a mother says to a child: "Second son! It's raining, don't go outside and bully"

Talking: Refers to a young woman going crazy Diandian, unstable?

Riaoerliang: generous, thoughtful, considerate, also known as "Liangsou"

Big: specialized in arranging weddings and funerals for others A person who responds to one thing

To be free: to have time, to be free

Two or five eyes: to be confused

Shanghai --- Really—— I am the real person - our eldest son - junior, descendant? Official - the honorific name for the boy of his family

Uncle Luhuatou - a male of the same generation from the same clan or relatives of the mother - son - godson ? Yi - you

Mahjong - sparrow? Rattle bird - owl? Fish seedling - fish fry? Sao old crab - big crab with hairy feet?

Pigman - breeding boar, fly - gadfly - cricket, flower bud - eggplant?

Tide pig - developing young piglet tree ——Neem tree? Skeleton head—the back of the head and pillow—the back of the head?

Eye fairy—pupil? Nose hole—nostril joint skull—finger

Ma'anshan -- -Ah delicious: Is it delicious? Drinking the spicy food means it’s scary. Drinking Qimawudi (or “Wuqima Drinking the Land”) means it’s dark outside?

Yao. : No. Hulibatu: Confused. Disliked: Disliked. Shao: Describes a person who is neurotic and does not know what is good or bad. ?Tazhuang, Jiashi: He is not easy-going and difficult to get along with. ?

Guilin---1. Bad horse boss - taking advantage of the situation (I will write allusions when I have time). 2. Gaga - refers to. Cooked meat is not called like this when it is raw. ?

3. Ke material - dead; finished. 4. cà (fourth tone) 5 - equivalent to the current way of picking up girls?

5. Ding Ding - refers to sexual behavior between men and women; Ding Ding Chong refers to old prostitutes. 6. Baoye (báo yē) - drug addicts?

7. Ma Zhi - always 8. Secret. Mi—describes a toy that spins quickly; ?

9. Le cup—a washer. 10. Misty sissy—hide and seek.

?

The word dialect (topolect or dialect[1]?) first came from Yang Xiong (53-18 BC)'s book "The Jingxuan Envoy's Peerless Interpretation of the Dialects of Other Countries". "Dialect" among the East Asian population is called "local language", which corresponds to "topolect" in English, which refers to the language of a certain region. The government generally uses it to refer to non-official (standard language) languages. This division Kinship between languages ??is not considered. The "dialect" among the European population refers to the "dialect" that is commonly referred to as "dialect" at the lower level of "language" after the 18th century. The equivalent in English is "dialect", which is based on the relationship between languages. Relationships (pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar) are divided into family, group, branch and language. Under the language is the dialect, but it will also be affected by the government. But the overall pursuit is academic. Chinese dialects are translated by the English term "Varies of Chinese".

It is a variation of language. According to its nature, dialects can be divided into regional dialects and social dialects. Regional dialects are variations of language due to regional differences. They are the regional differences in all dialects and folk languages. Branching is a regional reflection of the uneven development of language. Social dialects are different social variants formed by social members in the same region due to social differences in occupation, class, age, gender, cultural upbringing, etc. For example, there are many different local dialects in many cities, which are quite distinctive.

Some linguistic scholars believe that the so-called distinction between "dialect" and "language" is basically arbitrary. Many other linguistic scholars object and propose various criteria for judgment. However, these different criteria are Inconsistent conclusions often result. Generally speaking, all dialects can actually be called or regarded as languages ??(languages ??that are closely related to each other can be called each other's dialects, while languages ??that are distantly related to each other, in the history of formation and development Languages ??that are less related cannot be called each other's dialects)

In practice, the reason why individual languages ??are "dialects" is usually due to the following reasons:

Lack of appropriate written language, language has not reached the level of accurate description; language users do not belong to their own country; the same nation (or country) has multiple language systems. The following is a discussion of several commonly used "dialect and language comparison" judgment methods by linguists, and further points out the difficulties in the practical application of these judgments. In some cases, the definition of language and dialect is no longer just a linguistic issue.

Note: "The difference between the so-called "dialect" and "language" is basically arbitrary", which means that a language (accent), such as Jining dialect, can be called a dialect, At the same time, it can also be called a language, but it cannot be understood that any language can be called a dialect of another language. To determine whether a language is a dialect of another language, it must be based on language family affiliation, grammar, and synchronization. The origin of words and other aspects were taken into consideration, as well as some political and other factors.