In China, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Water Margin, A Dream of Red Mansions and The Journey to the West are widely known as "four classical novels". The ancients also said, "... it is better to read the water margin than to read the Three Kingdoms. The characters in the Water Margin are real, although they are better than the illusion of Journey to the West, but they are out of thin air at will, and their ingenuity is not difficult, but there is no room for change when the three countries say something in the end. However, due to the ingenuity of the pawn, the three countries are rich in talents, all of which are excellent in writing, with thousands of people such as Wu Yong and Gongsun Sheng at the top. I call it the purpose of the book of talents, and it is appropriate to take the romance of the Three Kingdoms as the first. "

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The Water Margin is a great novel written by Shi Naian based on his own life experience and the peasant uprising in the Northern Song Dynasty. This novel vividly describes the people's actions against oppression. It summarizes the struggle road from awakening to resistance of people of different classes at that time. It is these artistic achievements that make Water Margin one of the four great literary masterpieces in ancient China.

The Water Margin is a heroic legend and one of the representative works of China's ancient novels. It is based on the story of Sung River Uprising. Sung River Uprising took place in Huizong period of Northern Song Dynasty, and it is recorded in History of Song Dynasty, Biography of Huizong, Biography of Hou Meng and Biography of Zhang Shuye. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, the story of Sung River Uprising has been circulated among the people. Zuiwengtan Record records some independent legends about heroes of the Water Margin, while The Legacy of the Song Dynasty combines many stories of the Water Margin, which is very close to the novel. There were many water margin plays in Yuan Dynasty, and a group of Liangshan heroes appeared as stage images. "Water Margin" is based on the long-term spread of the story of Sung River Uprising and absorbs the nutrition of folk literature.

The Water Margin is one of the most popular vernacular classical novels. It came into being in the Ming Dynasty, and was created by the author on the basis of stories, scripts and operas about the Water Margin since the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The theme of this book is the peasant uprising led by Song Jiang, which artistically reproduces the tragic picture of the ancient people in China's resistance to oppression and heroic struggle. The works fully exposed the decay and cruelty of the feudal ruling class, exposed the sharp social contradictions and the cruel reality of "officials forcing the people to rebel" at that time, and successfully created a number of heroes such as Lu, jy, Lin Chong and Ruan. The novel has twists and turns, vivid language, vivid characters and high artistic achievements. However, his works praise and beautify Song Jiang, advocate "loyalty" and "justice for heaven", showing serious ideological limitations.

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Journey to the West mainly describes the Monkey King's story of protecting Tang Priest's Buddhist scriptures in the West and going through 81 difficulties. It is a true story in history that Tang Priest learned the scriptures. About 1300 years ago, in the first year of Zhenguan of Emperor Taizong (627), Xuanzang, a 25-year-old young monk, left the capital Chang 'an and went to Tianzhu (India) to study alone. After starting from Chang 'an, he passed through Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan and finally arrived in India. He studied there for more than two years and gave a speech at a large-scale debate on Buddhist classics, which was well received. In the 19th year of Zhenguan (645), Xuanzang returned to Chang 'an and brought back 657 Buddhist scriptures. He traveled to Wan Li in 19 before and after this Buddhist pilgrimage, which was a legendary Long March and made a sensation. Later, Xuanzang dictated what he had learned about his journey to the West, which was compiled by his disciples into a 12 volume of "Records of the Western Regions of Datang". But this book is mainly about the history, geography and transportation of countries seen on the road, and there is no story. As for "Datang The biography of Master Sanzang" written by his disciples Huihe and Yan Cong, it adds a lot of myths to Xuanzang's experience. Since then, the story of Tang Priest's Buddhist scriptures has been widely circulated among the people. There were poems by three monks in the Tang Dynasty in the Southern Song Dynasty, Tang Sanzang and Pan in the Jin Dynasty, Tang Sanzang's "Learning from the Western Heaven" in Wu Changling, and "Great Sage" in the Fifth Ming Dynasty, all of which laid the foundation for The Journey to the West's creation. It is also on the basis of folklore, scripts and operas that Wu Cheng'en completed this great literary masterpiece that the Chinese nation is proud of through hard re-creation. Wu Cheng'en, like a Chinese character, was born in Yangshan, Huai 'an Prefecture (now Huai 'an City, Jiangsu Province). Born in the 13th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty to the early year of Zheng Dechu (1500— 15 10), died in the 10th year of Wanli (1582). Wu Cheng'en's great-grandfather and grandfather were both scholars, and both served as lecturers and lecturers in county schools. But in his father's generation, due to his poor family, the Xu family became redundant. "So he attacked the Xu family and became the boss" and became a small businessman. Nevertheless, the Wu family has not lost the tradition of reading. It is said that although his father Wu Rui is a businessman, he is not only decent, but also good at reading and talking about current affairs, which naturally has a great influence on Wu Cheng'en. Wu Cheng'en was very clever since he was a child, and he entered school very early. He was very successful as a teenager and was famous in his village. Volume 16 of The Apocalypse of Huai 'an Prefecture said that Wu Cheng'en was "quick and wise, and learned a lot of books, whether poetry or prose." However, Wu Cheng'en, as an adult, encountered many setbacks on the road to the imperial examination. He didn't make up for one-year-old Gong Sheng until he was in his forties. In his fifties, he worked as a county magistrate in Changxing, Zhejiang Province, and later as a king's residence, Jishan. This is a sinecure, with the same level as the county magistrate. Wu Cheng'en created The Journey to the West after middle age, or was considered to have done it in his later years. The exact time cannot be determined. Besides The Journey to the West, he also wrote long poems "Song of Jiro Seeking Mountains" and "In Zhi Ding". Sheyang Survival Draft consists of four volumes, including one volume of poetry and three volumes of prose, which were edited by Du Qiu after Wu Cheng'en's death. The complete works of Journey to the West have one hundred chapters, which can be divided into three parts from the big structure. The first time to the eighth time is the first part, mainly about the birth of the Monkey King, his apprentice, who made a scene in heaven. This is the most wonderful chapter in the book, very vivid. The Monkey King had a good meal in heaven and earth, which showed his rebellious character to the fullest. Chapters 8 to 12 are the second part, mainly describing the origin of Tang Priest and the reasons for learning from the scriptures. The thirteenth to the last time is the third part, mainly about Tang Priest's Buddhist scriptures. On the way, I received three apprentices, the Monkey King, Pig Bajie and Friar Sand. After eighty-one difficulties, I finally got the true scripture and got the right result.

Journey to the West shows people a colorful world of ghosts and gods, and people are all amazed by the author's rich and bold artistic imagination. However, any literary work is a reflection of a certain social life, and The Journey to the West, as an outstanding representative of ghost novels, is no exception. As Lu Xun pointed out in A Brief History of China's Novels, The Journey to the West "satirized and mocked the world at that time and described it in an extravagant way". He also said: "The author's nature is to restore a beautiful and humorous drama, so although he said something sudden, he also said something confusing, which made all gods and demons have a human touch and sophisticated." That's true. Through the illusory world of ghosts and gods in The Journey to the West, the projection of real society can be seen everywhere. For example, in shaping the image of the Monkey King, the author's ideal is entrusted. The Monkey King's indomitable spirit of struggle and fearless spirit of sweeping away all monsters and ghosts reflect the wishes and demands of the people. He represents the power of justice and shows the people's belief in overcoming all difficulties. Another example is the monsters encountered on the way to the scriptures, or the illusion of natural disasters, or the symbol of evil forces. Their greed, ferocity, insidious and cunning are also the characteristics of the dark forces in feudal society. Not only that, the Heavenly Palace ruled by the Jade Emperor and the Western Heaven under the jurisdiction of the Buddha have also been heavily painted with the color of human society. The author's attitude towards the supreme ruler of feudal society is also quite interesting. In Journey to the West, there is no competent emperor at all. As for the incompetent Jade Emperor, the King of Guo who loves monsters, and the King of monks who want to use childlike innocence as medicine, they are either bad kings or tyrants. The portrayal of these images, even if handy, is of great practical significance. The Journey to the West not only has profound ideological content, but also has made great achievements in art. With rich and peculiar artistic imagination, vivid and tortuous story, vivid characters and humorous language, he has built a unique art palace in The Journey to the West. But I think the greatest artistic achievement of Journey to the West is that he successfully created two immortal artistic images, the Monkey King and Zhu Bajie. The Monkey King is the first hero in the Journey to the West and a great hero. He has unlimited skills, fearlessness and indomitable spirit of resistance. He has the extraordinary bearing of a great hero, but he also has the disadvantage of listening to compliments. He is witty, brave and humorous. And his biggest feature is that he dares to fight. Dare to fight with the supreme jade emperor, and have the reputation of "Monkey King"; If you dare to hit a monster, you will never let go of a monster and show no mercy to the monster under the golden hoop; Dare to fight against all difficulties, never shrink back and bow. This is the Monkey King, a dazzling mythical hero. When it comes to Pig Bajie, his skill is far worse than that of the Monkey King, not to mention his brilliant and tall figure, but this image is also well portrayed. Pig Bajie is a cartoon character. He is honest, powerful and dare to play demons. He is the Monkey King's first right-hand man. But his mind is full of problems, delicious and delicious, taking advantage of small things, liking women and being afraid of difficulties. He often gives in, always thinking of Gao Laozhuang's daughter-in-law. He likes to lie sometimes, but he is all thumbs. From time to time, he provoked the Tang Priest to recite a spell, which made the Monkey King suffer. He even hid some private money in his ear. He has many problems, which is a bad habit of small private owners. The author's criticism of Zhu Bajie's shortcomings is severe, but it is also kind. He is not a denied figure, so people don't hate Pig, but think it is real and cute. The image of Tang Priest is well written, but it is much worse than that of the Monkey King Pig Bajie. Friar Sand lacks distinctive personality characteristics, which is the shortcoming of Journey to the West. Nevertheless, The Journey to the West's artistic achievements are still amazing. The Monkey King and Zhu Bajie, two images, with their distinctive personality characteristics, have established an immortal artistic monument in the history of China literature.

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"The paper is full of absurd words and bitter tears. Dou Yun's author is stupid, who knows the taste? "Endless dream of red mansions, endless Cao Xueqin. It has been more than 200 years since A Dream of Red Mansions was written, but there are different opinions about Cao Xueqin's "speech" and "taste" of A Dream of Red Mansions. Many redologists spend their whole lives, and they are only "original".

There is no conclusion.

A Dream of Red Mansions has been debated for more than one hundred years. Many puzzles are far from becoming clearer and clearer, and will be solved one day. More are foggy, unknown so. Like a very basic thing, there are different opinions about whether A Dream of Red Mansions was written by Cao Xueqin. Furthermore, where is Cao Xueqin's native place? Is he Han Chinese or Manchu? What year was he born? How old did you live? What dynasty is A Dream of Red Mansions written about? Judging from Hongyan Zhai's re-evaluation of The Story of the Stone, the manuscript of A Dream of Red Mansions was written 1 10 times. Why did you lose it for the last 30 times? Was the last forty chapters written by Gao E? Is Zhi Yanzhai a man or a woman? What is the relationship between Cao Xueqin, Zhi Yanzhai and deformed man? ..... There is a long list of questions about a dream of red mansions.

China Museum of Modern Literature invited three generations of domestic red scholars, including Zhou, Wang Meng, Zhou, Sun, Hu Deping, to give lectures on A Dream of Red Mansions and discuss many issues. This book is a collection of speeches on 12 special topics, which is helpful to savor A Dream of Red Mansions and understand its deeper meaning.