The complete works of political preparation knowledge points in the first volume of the eighth grade:
Unit 1 A loving family
First, focus on memorizing knowledge
1, the current family structure can be roughly divided into two types: the main family and the nuclear family. The most important feature of home is that there are relatives at home and affection at home.
2. The direct cause of the generation gap between us and our parents is the age difference, and its essence is the multiple intergenerational differences behind the age difference.
When we have problems with our parents, we should first calm down and discuss with them calmly. Consultation is the process of communication.
4. The basic essentials of effective communication with parents are: mutual understanding is the premise, respect and understanding are the key, the effective way to understand parents is empathy, and the result of communication should seek common ground while reserving differences.
5. The conflict between children and parents is often based on parents' high expectations and strict requirements.
The most important thing is to respect and love your parents.
Second, understanding and application
1. What are the main ways (tricks) to communicate with parents? A: First, I admire my parents very much and have no trouble in communication. Second, listen carefully when communicating to avoid misunderstanding; Third, help parents communicate without barriers; Fourth, forgive your parents' mistakes and don't care too much.
2. Why should we be grateful to our parents? Answer: ① Parents give us life, nurture us to grow up and teach us to be human, and this kindness should be remembered forever; Parents have made contributions to the family and paid more, which is worthy of our filial piety; Filial piety is a traditional virtue of the Chinese nation and should be advocated. It is our bounden duty, our moral obligation and legal obligation to honor our elders.
3. How to honor parents? Answer: ① To honor parents, we should start from small things and implement them; Filial piety is manifested in all aspects of life; (3) Filial piety requires time, physical strength, feelings and other costs; (4) Honor parents and elders.
Unit 2 Teachers and friends walk together
First, focus on memorizing knowledge
1, we make friends with people in society. We should make friends happily, not bad friends.
The affection between boys and girls needs to be treated with caution and reason.
3. The new teacher-student relationship is based on democracy and equality. By changing the understanding of students' roles, we can find a new space for communication between teachers and students.
4. Resolve misunderstandings and contradictions with teachers, and enhance feelings with teachers. Everything starts with active communication.
5. Strengthening the consciousness of self-protection, mastering the methods of self-protection and good self-discipline are the best protection for yourself.
Second, understanding and application
1, the principle of making friends: (1) equality and reciprocity, (2) tolerance and understanding; (3) When making friends, you can't maintain the so-called friendship at the expense of principle; (4) Make good friends, be willing to make friends, and don't make bad friends.
2. Why do you want to associate with the opposite sex? What is the significance of interacting with the opposite sex? )
Heterosexual communication is an important part of school life; It allows us to harvest richer friendship; It can enhance our understanding of the opposite sex, learn from each other's strengths, improve our personality and promote the healthy development of body and mind; Can expand the scope of communication and exercise communication ability; You can learn how to adapt to the social requirements of different sexes, improve your gender awareness and grow up better.
3. How do boys and girls communicate normally and healthily? (1) to respect each other, but also respect yourself; (2) We should not only open ourselves, but also master proper limit; ③ We should not only be enthusiastic, but also pay attention to the way, occasion, time and frequency of communication. (4) Treat people sincerely, frankly and generously.
4. How to deal with the feelings between students of the opposite sex? After entering adolescence, it is normal, natural and beautiful to have a good impression between boys and girls; Be cautious and rational about the feelings between boys and girls; Will choose, learn to take responsibility, learn to protect themselves.
5. What is the important role of teacher-student relationship in our growth?
Communication between teachers and students is an important part of school life. The relationship between teachers and students not only affects the quality of our study, but also affects our physical and mental development. By establishing a harmonious relationship between teachers and students, we can learn happily and make faster progress, so we should actively establish a good relationship with teachers.
6. How to build an emotional bridge between teachers and students? (or are there any ways to improve the feelings between teachers and students? What methods should we pay attention to when communicating with teachers? Or how to resolve the contradiction with the teacher)?
Active communication is the premise of all communication. Communication leads to understanding, and understanding leads to trust. To actively communicate with teachers, we must: (1). Look at the problem from the perspective of the teacher; (2) Really treat teachers' praise and criticism; (3) forgive the teacher's mistakes; (4) be polite to the teacher; (5) pay attention to the occasion; Don't lose your judgment.
Unit 3 Our friends are all over the world
First, focus on memorizing knowledge
1. Globalization is the common trend of world economic development.
There are two different attitudes towards cultural differences, one is exclusion and the other is communication.
Facing different cultures, we should adopt an objective and equal attitude.
4. There is only China culture in the world, which has never stopped and continues to this day.
Network communication is a sharp double-edged sword, and we should take the network as a supplement to our life with a healthy attitude.
6. Being infected with Internet addiction is often related to some psychological factors.
7. Abide by network rules: network communication should abide by morality. It is more important to obey the law when surfing the Internet.
Second, understanding and application
1. What does an open mind mean in the face of different cultures?
(1) Facing different cultures, we should adopt an objective and equal attitude, respect the behavioral differences brought about by different cultures, and learn the advantages and advantages of other cultures with an open mind.
(2) It is our bounden duty to protect national culture.
(3) The essence of any national culture is all over the world and belongs to the achievements of human civilization. Respecting, cherishing and protecting the cultures of different countries and nationalities embodies a global consciousness, an open mind and a lofty spirit.
2. What attitude should we take towards foreign culture?
Learning foreign cultures does not mean copying them, but accepting them critically.
3. How should we know and treat the traditional culture of China?
(1) Among all kinds of ancient cultures in the world, only China culture has never been interrupted and continues to this day, forming a self-renewal, continuous development, inclusive and open system. China culture has made great contributions to the development of human civilization. It is our unshirkable historical responsibility to inherit Chinese excellent traditional culture and carry forward the spirit of the Chinese nation. (2) We should also publicize and carry forward our national culture and let the world know about the rapid development of China and the long-standing culture of China.
4. Principles and methods of foreign cultural exchange (what attitude should be taken in the face of cultural differences? )
In the face of cultural differences, we should overcome our anxiety and anxiety; ② Eliminate misunderstandings and try to maintain an objective and tolerant attitude; ③ Improve the ability to appreciate other cultures; ④ Don't adopt defensive mentality, pay more attention to other people's experiences and opinions, and avoid making wrong judgments; ⑤ Looking for similarities that can connect the two sides; 6. Do as the Romans do and respect local customs and habits; ⑦ Explore effective communication skills; 8 Be neither supercilious nor supercilious in communication, and treat each other with courtesy.
5. How to be a messenger of friendly communication?
We should not only accept different cultures with an open mind, but also publicize and carry forward our national culture and let the world know about the rapid development of China and the long-standing culture of China.
6, the network has two sides, a sharp double-edged sword.
The positive role of the network: understanding current events, learning knowledge, communicating with people, and having fun.
The negative effects of the internet: indulging in the internet, neglecting studies, and tempting fraud and internet addiction.
7. How to play the positive role of the network?
(1) Take the Internet as a supplement to life with a healthy mind.
(2) learning? Information diet? , resist the bad temptation on the Internet.
(3) Use the Internet to solve problems in work, study and life.
(4) Help others solve some difficulties and realize the value of life.
8. How to protect yourself in network communication?
(1) We should correctly understand the two sides of the network, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, give full play to the positive role of network communication in promoting life, and enjoy the fun brought by healthy communication. (2) Improve safety awareness, do not easily disclose personal information, and do not arbitrarily agree to the requirements of netizens. If you encounter problems in real life, try to find familiar friends or teachers to solve them. Don't just rely on netizens to meet your emotional needs, so as not to be deceived. (3) Improve your discrimination and perception, and improve your ability to resist temptation, so as to protect yourself.
Unit 4 New Thinking of Communication Art
First, knowledge points
1. Politeness is a norm to deal with the relationship between people, and it is a moral code that people should abide by in their daily communication.
2. Politeness is a concrete manifestation of respect and civilization.
3. Civilized language, friendly attitude and dignified manners are essential qualities for friendly communication with people.
Etiquette is not only a form, but also a symbol of spiritual civilization of a person, a group and even a country.
5. Etiquette is a subject with specific requirements. Doing it according to etiquette requirements will help us further improve our moral and spiritual realm.
6. The core of cooperation is to carry forward the spirit of collectivism.
7. Standing like a pine and cypress, sitting like a bell and walking like the wind are the three most commonly used manners.
8. Competition is an effective way of cooperation.
9.* * * The basis of enjoyment is cooperation.
10. Seeking common ground while reserving differences is the basis of our tolerant cooperation.
1 1. When a person learns to be tolerant, he will master an effective method of self-improvement.
12. Care, respect and understand others? Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you? The essence of.
13. Equality between people is concentrated in equality of personality and legal status.
14. Vulnerable groups are the general name of people who are in a disadvantaged position in society.
15. Obeying rules is the bottom line of respecting society and the basic requirement of a society ruled by law.
16. The core of respecting nature is protecting the environment.
17. Failure to honor promises in communication will lead to a crisis of trust.
18. Honesty is the basic principle of communication with people.
19. It is a positive and responsible attitude to abide by credit and put it into concrete actions.
20. Trustworthiness is the core of honesty.
2 1. Honesty is based on respect for objective facts.
From a social point of view, falsehood and deception harm the interests of most people.
Honesty to others and respect for privacy are two interrelated and often conflicting moral standards.
24. The core of honesty is kindness.
Morality and law are the basic principles that we must abide by in competition.
The purpose of the competition is to surpass ourselves, develop potential, stimulate learning enthusiasm, improve work efficiency, learn from each other's strengths and make progress together.
5. Cooperation is the basis of * * * enjoyment, and * * * enjoyment is the inevitable result of cooperation. The core of cooperation is to develop the spirit of collectivism. The power of cooperation is infinite.
What should cooperation embody in the competition? Win-win? In principle, competitors should not repel each other and cause mutual losses, but should promote each other and improve together. This is the true meaning of cooperation in competition.
Second, understanding and application
1, why? Politeness means respect (the importance of politeness? )
(1) Politeness is a concrete manifestation of respect. Politeness is a norm to deal with the relationship between people, and it is also a moral code that people should abide by in their daily communication. Politeness embodies our own qualities and shows our elegance. (2) Politeness is the embodiment of civilization. Whether a person has moral cultivation affects the interpersonal relationship and social atmosphere, and is related to the dignity of the country and the nation.
2. What are the main aspects of our politeness to people? What are the basic requirements for social interaction? )
Our politeness to people is mainly manifested in language, attitude and behavior. Civilized language, friendly attitude and dignified manners are essential qualities for friendly communication with people.
3. The importance of etiquette
Consciously being polite is not only related to our own image, but also directly related to the people around us, to our collective, and even to the image of our nation and country.
4. The positive role of competition: improving the efficiency of study and work; Improve one's level; Increase the fun of study and life. Negative effects of competition: inferiority complex; Cause excessive tension and anxiety; Be jealous, and hate others more than yourself.
5, the relationship between competition and cooperation: interdependence, you have me, I have you.
6. The connotation of competition in cooperation
On the one hand, group cooperation encourages competition among members; On the other hand, the competition among members promotes the improvement of group competitiveness.
7. The significance of learning to compete in cooperation: Only by learning to compete in cooperation can we achieve full cooperation and reasonable competition. The harmony and unity of competition and cooperation will make our collective stronger and each of us will make faster progress.
8. How to deal with the competitive relationship between classmates?
To compete in cooperation, we must respect our competitors and learn from them. Learn from each other's strengths and make common progress is our competitive goal in cooperation.
9. The concept of competition in cooperation
Competition doesn't mean? Life and death? The purpose of the competition is to surpass ourselves and make progress together, and not to judge heroes by success or failure.
10, how to deal with the relationship with others?
Learn to appreciate others, discover their strengths, and learn from others with an open mind; Learn to understand and forgive others; We should put ourselves in the shoes and be honest with each other.
1 1, team spirit
Meaning: Team spirit is a group spirit of consistency, mutual support, close cooperation and selfless dedication formed within the team.