Guide reading
China people's surnames have a long history. In the pre-Qin period, there were surnames and surnames. Before the Zhou Dynasty, surnames and surnames had different meanings. The archaic word "surname" consists of "person" and "fate", which means that a person is born with his surname because of his fate. It was not until the Qin Dynasty that I saw the surnames of "female" and "sheng", and taking the girl as the surname became a word. The word "yes" has appeared in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Its original meaning is woody, the root of plants, and it is hieroglyphics. Later, it was renamed surname, which means "fundamental". There is a saying in the Collection of Tongjian: "Those whose surnames are unified by their ancestors; Families are not divided into descendants. " Compared with characters, "surname" originated earlier and became more stable after its formation. At first, ancestors attached importance to surnames, and the same surnames did not get married. According to their lineages, they decide their lineages. The origin of "Shi" is late, and it has changed with the influence of historical conditions. Surname is the basis of surnames, and surnames come from surnames. Before the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, surnames could be divorced, with the mother's surname as the surname and the same surname unmarried, so there were two kinds of surnames: the same surname and the different surname. Surnames are used to distinguish between high and low. Noble people have surnames, while poor people have no surnames. With the development of history, by the Western Han Dynasty, the difference between surnames and surnames had been minimal. Gu, a beginner in the Qing Dynasty, said in the Record of the Days: "The name of the surname has been mixed into one since Taishigong, and it was called Zhao surname of Qin Shihuang and Liu surname of Emperor Gaozu." China's surname is all-encompassing and enormous. According to statistics, there are 5662 China surnames in the literature, including 3484 single surnames, 2032 compound surnames and 46 three-character surnames/kloc-0. This does not include the surnames of Mongolian, Manchu and frontier ethnic minorities who moved to the Central Plains during the Yuan and Qing Dynasties. There are more than 500 surnames in Hundred Surnames compiled by Song people, of which only 60 are compound surnames, which is less than one tenth of the total surnames in China. However, these surnames are still the mainstream of surnames in China, accounting for the majority of the population in China, and they are rhyming, catchy and easy to recite.
Textual research on hundreds of surnames
A book engraved with three kinds of promises
Qiansun Zhao Li
Zhu(zh not u)Wu(wú) Zheng (zh ng) Wang (wáng)
Feng Chenchu Wei
Jiang Shen Han yang
Zhu (zh) Qin (qín) You (yóu) Xu ()
He (hé) Lu (lǐ) Shi (shé) Zhang (zhāng)
Kong, Cao, Yan and Hua.
Jin (jρn) Wei (wèi) Tao (táo) Jiang (jiāng)
Qi (q:) Xie (xiè) Zou (z not u) Yu (y)
Cypress (b ǐ i) water (shuǐ) sinus (dǐ u) seal (zhāng)
Yun (yún) Su (sū) Pan (pān) Ge (gě)
(xι) Fan (fàn) Peng (péng) Lang (láng)
Lu (L incarnation) Wei (wéi) Chang (chāng) Ma (M)
Miao (Miao) wind (fèng) flower (huā) square (fāng)
Yu was appointed Yuan and Liu was appointed Li.
History of Yong, Bao and Tang Dynasties
Fei Liancen Xue Xu.
Lei (léi) and (hè) You (ní) Tang (tāng)
Teng (téng) Yin (yρn) Luo (luó) Bi (b √)
Hao (h o) Wu (wán) Zhang (cháng)
Music (yuè) in (yú) when (shí) Fu (Fu)
Pi (P) Bian (biàn) Qi (qí) Kang (kāng)
Wu (W incarnate) Yu (yú) Yuan (yuán) Bu (B incarnate)
Gumengpinghuang
And (hé) Mu (mü) Xiao (xiāo) Yin (yǐn).
Yao (Yao) fought shào (zhàn) and Wang (wāng).
Qi (qí) Mao (máo) is in (yD) land (dí).
Mi (mǐ) Bei (bèi) Ming (míng) Cang (zāng)
Meters (j √) volts (f √) in (ch √) days (dài).
on(tán)sòng(sêng)Mao(máo)Pang(páng)
Xiong Ji (J) Shu (sh) Qu (Q)
Xiang (Xi) Zhu (zh) Dong (dǒng) Liang (Liang)
Du (dü) Ruen (rün) Lan (lán) Min (mün)
Xi (x) Ji (j) Ma (m) Zhuang (qi).
Jia (Jimi) Road (Lü) Building (lóu) Insurance (wēi)
Jiang (Jiang) communicates with tóng (yán) and guo (Gu).
Bel canto lindiao
zh ng(zh not ng)Xu(Xu)qi(qi)lo(Luo)
High (gāo) and low (xià) only (cài) days (tián)
Fan, Hu, Ling, Huo.
In (yú) ten thousand (wàn) branches (zhē) can (kē)
Zan (z m n) gu m n) Lu (lú) Mo (mi)
Yang (j and ng) Fang (fáng) Qiu (qiú) Mi Yao (Yao Mi)
Gan (gān) solution (xiè) should be (y and ng) case (z not ng).
Ding Xuan Ben Deng
Yu(Yu)Dan(shàn)Hang(háng)Hong(hóng)
Bao (bāo) main (zh) left (zu) time (shí)
Cui (Cuι) Ji (jí) Button (Niτ)Gūng(Gυng)
Cheng yuxing
Perroujon
Xun (xún) sheep (yáng) benefit (yūn) Hu.
True (zhn) to (q) plus (jiā) wind (fēng)
Rui (Ru) Yi (Y) Chu () Jin (North)
τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ τ 96
Well (jǐng) section (Duane) is rich (f ǐ) and witch (wū).
Wu (w) jiao (jiāo) ba (bā) gong (g not ng)
Pastoral (Mi) Mountain (kui) Valley (shān) (G incarnation)
(chē) meters (péng) behind the train.
All (Kun) Xi(xι) classes (bā n) y m: ng (y γ ng)
Qiuzhong yigong
Revenge and violence
gan(gān)He(tǐu)Li(Li)Rong(róng)
Zu, Wu, Fu, Liu
Jing (jǐng) Battle (zhān) Bundle (Shǐ) Dragon (lóng)
Ye (yè) promotes (sρ) Shao (sháo)
Gao (ao) Li (Li) Ji (J) Bo (bó)
Yin Su Bai Huai
Pu (pú) Tai (tái) from (cóng) E (E)
Suo (suǒ) Xian (xián) was born in (jí) Lai (lài).
Zhuo (zhuó) forest (Li ì n) map (tú) Meng (Meng)
Eat (chí) Qiao (qiáo) sound (yρn) in (yρ).
Xu (x) can be (nài) pale (cāng) cool (Shuang).
Wen (wén) Xin (shēn) Party (dǐ ng) Zhai (zhái)
Tan gong Lao yi
Ji Shen fu du
Ran killed Li.
(x)) (qú) Sang (sāng GUI)
Pu (pú) Niu (niú) Shou (shòu) Tang (t not ng)
Edge (biān) call (he) words (yān) meter (j)
Yong (Jia) Pu (P incarnation) Shang (nóng)
Wen (wēn) Bie (bié) Zhuang (zhuāng) Yan (Yan)
chai(cháI)Qu(qú)Yan(yán)chūng(ch！ ng)
Mu (Mu) Lian (Lian) Ru (Lu) Xi (Xi)
Hu (an) ai (ai) Yu (y) Rong (róng)
It is easy to be careful (Xiang) in the past (g) (y √).
Ge (G) Li Yao (Li Yao) in (Y) Zhong (middle)
And (j) living in (jū) scale (héng) step (bù).
Are more full of floods.
Guang (kuāng) country (guó) language (wén) mouth (KuT u)
East (d not dōng) road (Lu) but (Qu Lu)
Europe (not u), Europe (not u), Europe (not u), Europe (not u), Europe (not u), Europe (not u), Europe (not u).
Wei, Yue, Kui and Long
Teacher Gong Nie
Chao(cháo)Gou(G not u)Ao(Ao)Rong(róng)
Look at it coldly
That (nā) Jane (Ji m \u n) Rao (Rao) empty (k ū k ū ng)
Zeng (zēng) mother (mǔ) sand (shā) and (niè)
Lift (yǐng) bow (jū) beard (xū) front (fēng)
Chao (Chao) Guan (Guan) Guan (ku) Xiang (Xiang)
After checking (zhā), (hü) j and ng (j and ng) Red (hóng)
There are (yóu) Zhu (zhú) Quan (quán) trainings (lù).
Gai (gΙ) Yi (yΙ) Huan (huan) Palace (Gong)
Wanxian Sima Shangguan Ouyang
Xiahou (xià hóu), Zhuge (zhū g), Wan Lun (wé n é n), Dongfang (d! ng f ā ng)。
Lian Huangfu Wei Chiram! ng yang)
Dan Tai (tán tái), Ye Gong (gáng yá), Zong Zheng (záng zhèng) and Puyang (pú yáng).
Chun Yu (chún yú), Shan Yu (chán yú) and Shu Tai (tài shū) applied for the map (shēn tú).
Gongsun (g ng s ū n), Zhong Sun (zhòng sūn), Xuanyuan (xuān yuán) and Hu Ling (Li ū ng hun).
(zhōng Li) Sun Tzu (zhǐng sūn) murong (Murong)
Xianyu (xiān yú) Lu Qiu (lǘ qiū) Stuart (sětú) Sikong (sěkōng).
Guan(qíguān)Scooter(sīküu)Du(zh m:ng dū)Subcar(zǐj)
Zhuan Sun (zhuān sūn) Duanmu (duān mù) Wuma (w ū m m m ǐ) Gong Xi (gūng xǐ).
(q: and di ā o) Lezheng (yuè zhèng) loam (r: ng si) gongliang (g not ng liá ng).
(Tuba) Oracle bones (gǔ) Zaifu (ǔ if ǔ) tuoliang (Tuoliang).
Jin (j and n) Chu (chǔ) Yan (yán) Fa (f) Confucianism (rǔ n) Yan (yān) Tu (tú) Qin (qěn)
Duangan (dàn gān) Baili (bǐ i lǐ) Dongguo (d! South Gate (South Gate)
Huyan (h yán) belongs to (guο) Hai (Hǐ i) Yangkou (Yǐ ng Shé) Wei (wēi) Sheng (shēng).
Yue (yuè) is handsome (shuài) is tall (g! U) kàng (kuàng) Hou (hòu) has (yǒu) Qin (qín).
Liang Qiu (liáng qi) Zuo Qiu (zuǒ qi) East Gate (dáng mén) West Gate (XMén)
Sh m: ng (sh ā ng) seeks (móu) to give up (shé) Iraq (nài) Bo (bó) to reward (sh?ng) Nangong (ná n g not ng).
Moha, Nian, Nian, Love, Yang, Tong
The fifth (w incarnation) statement (yán) blessing (fú)