After reading a classic, everyone must have a lot of feelings in their hearts, and they need to write reading notes and make records. Then can I write reading notes? The following are my reading notes (generally 5) on The Scholars, hoping to help you.
The Scholars is a novel by Wu, a novelist in Qing Dynasty. The book has 56 chapters, about 400,000 words and nearly 200 words. Under the guise of Ming Dynasty, the novel actually reflects the fame and life of scholars under the imperial examination system in Kanggan period. The author's successful portrayal of feudal literati living in the late feudal period and under the imperial examination system, as well as his vivid description of the imperial examination, ethics and corruption that ate people, made the novel a model of China's ancient satirical literature, and made the author Wu one of the outstanding writers who criticized realism in the history of China literature. The following are the comments of scholars:
The Scholars starts with the story of Wang Mian, an upright scholar, and then writes the story of Zhou Jin and Jin Fan. Old buddy Zhou Jin was not proud of the imperial examination all his life, and even made accounts for businessmen. With the support of businessmen, he donated a Guo Jianzi and won the lottery successively, becoming a scholar and studying Taoism in Guangdong. When he took the main exam in Nanhai, he chose Jin Fan, a 54-year-old boy. After Jin Fan was promoted, he went crazy and was awakened by the slap of his father-in-law Hu Butcher.
After Jin Fan raised his hand, the book wrote: "He smiled and said,' Hey! All right! I won! As he spoke, he fell back, gritted his teeth and was unconscious. When I woke up, I went crazy and shouted, "I won!" " , while flying to the door, a foot may be dipped in the pond, earned up, hair hanging down, hands dripping with yellow mud, ideas from all over the water. At this time, he needs the butcher Hu, who is usually afraid, to slap him and wake him up. The people around him are like his two faces before and after the exam, especially Hu: the former "worldly treasure and poor guy" suddenly became a "virtuous man" and even a "pointed monkey face" suddenly became a "decent appearance", revealing the deep poison of the imperial examination system to scholars and even the whole society.
There are three main advantages to the wide spread of The Scholars:
The first is the satirical art of the novel: although the satirical spearhead of The Scholars directly falls on a certain person, it always makes people feel that the evil in people is ultimately the product of society and the evil caused by the imperial examination system at that time. For example, Zhou Jin saw a number plate knocked down at one end, Jin Fan suddenly went crazy when he heard the number plate being lifted, and Mr. Ma Er was not interested in enjoying the scenery when he visited the West Lake. He just munches on snacks and pays attention to the sales of his chosen eight-part essay, which makes people feel that it is caused by that society.
Secondly, The Scholars does not rule out the exaggeration in irony: for example, Yan Jiansheng refused to die because he rushed to the customs twice, Zhou Jin made a signboard, and Fan Jinzhong died happily for his mother. But the author's exaggeration does not make people feel false, but is extracted from real life.
Thirdly, The Scholars has a unique structure: it does not run through the central characters and main plots of the book, but takes one or several characters as the center and other characters as the foil to form a relatively independent story. Every story begins with the appearance of relevant characters and ends with the disappearance of relevant characters.
The Scholars focuses on the life and mental state of feudal literati, exposing the poison of the imperial examination system to literati, and then satirizing the fatuity and incompetence of feudal officials and the greed and meanness of landlords and gentry. The hypocrisy and meanness of arty celebrities, as well as the decay and incorrigibility of the whole feudal ethical code system.
Reading Notes 2 The Scholars is actually a history book. By describing the life of corporal under the imperial examination system, it shaped the image of feudal literati in the last days of feudalism and under the imperial examination system, satirized the feudal imperial examination system and feudal ethics, and reflected the social reality in the late feudal society, which is of great significance today.
This paper mainly introduces,, Bao,, Du et al. Among them, there are many positive examples, such as gentleman's bag and hermit Du who is indifferent to fame and fortune. Some are negative teaching materials, such as Jin Fan, who is crazy about fame and profit, and Zhou Jin, who regards the imperial examination as a lifeline. Through the description of these characters, the author criticized the backwardness of the feudal imperial examination system and was full of sympathy for the scholars who were deeply poisoned by feudal ethics.
Indeed, the imperial examination system had a profound impact on China society for a period of time. Its appearance makes the selection of officials more fair, brings a large number of scholars with practical ability to national construction, and promotes the development of history to a great extent. However, with the development of ideology and culture and the development of society in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the imperial examination system was no longer suitable for the needs of social development at that time, that is to say, the imperial examination system was outdated. In addition, the imperial examination system seriously hindered social progress because the imperial court implemented stereotyped writing and other policies to control scholars' thoughts and speeches. Thought is restricted, leading to the strengthening of centralization; The strengthening of centralization is more likely to lead to personal dictatorship; The dictatorship of the emperor can easily lead to the corruption of the rule; The corruption of rule will lead to the chaos of the whole country: villains take advantage of the opportunity to make profits, while ambitious people wait for opportunities to seek power; Honest and clean people are framed, and those who take bribes and bend the law are at large ... "The Scholars" describes the face of feudal society in this era.
In the book, the author clearly expressed his opposition, disgust and contempt for feudal traditional ethics, vividly wrote the poison of feudal ethics to scholars through meticulous description, and reflected the heinous crimes of feudal ethics. For example, Zhou Jin, who won a lifetime reputation, was just a boy. When he was in his sixties, he was called a reborn parent by those who helped him win fame! And Wang Yuhui, knowing that human life is the most precious, encouraged her third daughter to sacrifice for her dead husband! However, after his daughter's martyrdom, he was reluctant to give up and was dominated by his conscience, crying bitterly. From then on, I was schizophrenic and fell into the abyss of pain. Through the vivid description of these people's complex psychology, traditional Confucianism, Confucius and Mencius, Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism, etc. Go deep into the bone marrow and harm the mind of the reader.
Of course, in addition to describing literati, the author also put hermits, astrologers, prostitutes, officials and other figures on the stage, and showed a social custom painting by depicting their words, deeds and faces, showing that not only literati but also ordinary people were deeply poisoned by feudal ethics.
Throughout the book, the description of cannibalism and ethics in the Scholars not only had a far-reaching impact on the society at that time, but also had great practical and educational significance now. It inspires us how to make the country more prosperous, the society more developed and the people's lives happier.
The Scholars is a masterpiece of Chinese classical literature written by Wu. Wu was born in an official family in the prosperous time of Kanggan. He is a local family that has flourished for generations. His grandfather, Wu Dan, is a Guo Jian diploma, and his uncle and grandfathers, Wu Sheng and Wu Min, are scholars.
The artistic achievements of The Scholars are as follows: first, it breaks through the narrative mode of traditional storytelling novels and enters the written creation of literati; Secondly, the peak of irony art is achieved through unique and distinctive irony art; Thirdly, it creates a new novel structure & a series of short stories that runs through it.
The Scholars is a masterpiece of satirical art in the history of China literature, and it is also a mirror of feudal society. Through the vivid description of feudal literati, bureaucratic gentry, street hooligans and other figures, it made people have a profound understanding of the feudal society at that time, involving the political system, ethics and social atmosphere at that time.
When it comes to reading history, it is necessary to talk about the realm of reading history and borrow the three realms in Buddhism: "Looking at mountains is mountains, looking at water is water; Seeing mountains is not mountains, and seeing water is not water; See mountains or mountains, see water or water. " The realm of reading history may vary from person to person, but it will probably not deviate from these three meanings: the first realm is to look only at the appearance of history, "seeing mountains is mountains and water is water." The second realm is to see the essence of society at that time through historical appearances, "seeing mountains is not mountains, and seeing water is not water"; The third realm is to extract the consciousness that can be used in today's society through the understanding of history, and apply it to today's society, "see mountains or mountains, see water or water."
The old man at leisure said that "a scholar, regardless of his personality, should take himself as a mirror", which is only the first level of reading The Scholars. Through The Scholars, we have a deep understanding of Daxing Wenzi Prison, the ruler of feudal society at that time. We take the establishment of a learned macro-character department as bait, imprison scholars by testing stereotyped writing and opening imperial examinations, and deal with intellectuals by Neo-Confucianism. Among them, the imperial examination system is the most harmful and influential, which makes many intellectuals fall into the trap of pursuing wealth and become the puppet and useless philistine of the rulers. This is to read The Scholars and reflect the objective reality of feudal society at that time. However, the Scholars were obsessed with art, fame and fortune, and could not see the social reality at that time, which was purely a matter of subjective consciousness of people at that time. Wu is "everyone is drunk, I wake up alone", and he deeply hopes to wake up the world, or even greater. He wants to save society and save the world.
If this is really the purpose of Wu's writing The Scholars, then his ideological system is worth learning from responsible people in today's society, which is the primary content of reading The Scholars at the third level. Responsible people in today's society should, like Wu, understand society and things with sober eyes and accurate judgments, accurately express and expose society, understand the nature of society and things, and master the laws of their development. Distinguish between right and wrong, attract people to love and enjoy customs, or try to save customs because of worrying about the world, thus promoting social progress and development. We must never look at society and things with selfish eyes, be cynical, confuse others to abandon customs and go astray, let alone do things that are against the people, harm the people and harm the society for the purpose of disturbing society and seeking personal gain.
Reading Notes of The Scholars 4 The Scholars describes an interesting story of the officialdom in the examination room at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty with humorous and sharp words. The main characters of the story are mostly folk literati. The author's dissatisfaction with real life and expectation of changing such a gloomy world are expressed by praising many upright Confucian scholars and lashing corrupt politicians. The novel begins with a description of a young man named Wang Mian in Zhuji County, Zhejiang Province. Because of his poor family, he has been herding cattle for others since he was a child. He is smart and studious. His lotus paintings are vivid, well-read and brilliant. He doesn't want to make friends, let alone pursue fame and fortune. The county magistrate came to inspect and couldn't hide; Zhu Yuanzhang gave him the position of "counselor joining the army", but he didn't accept it. He willingly fled to Kuaiji Mountain and lived an anonymous life.
This book more vividly criticizes that the imperial examination system has created a group of social moths and poisoned the whole society. For example, there is a farmer's son named Kuang Renchao in Yueqing County, Wenzhou. He was simple and honest. In order to support his parents, he went out to do small business and lived in Hangzhou. Later, I met Mr. Ma Er who chose to print eight-part essay. Mr. Ma Er gave him twelve taels of silver and advised him to study hard. After returning home, Kuang Chaoren studied eight-part essay while doing small business. Soon, he was appreciated by Li, the magistrate, and was promoted to Jinshi. In order to pursue higher fame and fortune, he worked harder to write eight-part essay. Unexpectedly, something happened to the magistrate of a county. In order to avoid being tied up, he fled to Hangzhou. Here, he met Jing Lanjiang, the owner of the headscarf shop posing as a celebrity, and Pan, a clerk in the yamen, and learned the skill of taking exams and litigating on behalf of others. Because of Mr. Ma Er, he became the "chooser" of the eight-part essay, boasting that 95 books were printed and everyone rushed to buy them. Scholars from five provinces presented "Confucius and Mencius" on individual cases. Soon, Li Ping, the magistrate who had promoted him, was promoted to Beijing official, and Superman Kuang followed him to Beijing. In order to please the powerful, he abandoned his wife and children and became the teacher's nephew and son-in-law. His wife died in poverty in her hometown. At this time, Pan, who had helped him, went to prison. For fear of affecting his reputation and future, Kuang Chaoren broke off his relationship with Pan and refused to even look at it. Mr. Ma Er, who once helped him, was not only ungrateful, but also slandered and ridiculed, and completely degenerated into the devil who sold his soul.
The book also lists an example of Jin Fan's imperial examination: Jin Fan of old boys in the Ming Dynasty, who repeatedly failed in the imperial examination. It was not until the age of 54 that he was admitted to the scholar, and later he was admitted to the scholar. Fan Jinzhong received a lot of cold eyes at home before he got together. His wife called him around and his father-in-law scolded him in every way. When Jin Fan's family was worried about selling chickens for rice, there was a happy news that Jin Fan had been recovered from the collection. After learning the good news, he was ecstatic. Fortunately, his father-in-law slapped him in the face before waking him up and curing his madness. In the blink of an eye, Jin Fan's luck changed. He not only has money, rice and a house, but also slaves and maids. Jin Fan's mother was breathless with joy and died in the West. Butcher Hu is also uncharacteristic.
"The Scholars", a volume, tells the story of rain and snow in the scholars for a hundred years, which is both bitter and bitter.
Reading Notes on The Scholars 5 Because the teacher recommended us to read The Scholars this winter vacation. So I was lucky enough to read the novel The Scholars by Wu, a novelist in Qing Dynasty. Wu is one of the greatest novelists in Qing Dynasty. With the development of society in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the literary form of novel became popular, and it was quite mature in Qing Dynasty. The Scholars, like A Dream of Red Mansions, represents a peak of classical novels. Wu is one of the greatest novelists in Qing Dynasty.
The Scholars is China's first satirical novel. That's Wu in ancient China. He shaped the image according to the quality of people from all walks of life in feudal times, which was a mirror of feudal society. Through the true and vivid description of the shameless behavior of feudal literati, bureaucratic gentry, street hooligans and other figures, the decay of the feudal system that was about to collapse at that time was deeply exposed, and the evil imperial examination system was strongly attacked, involving political system, ethics and social atmosphere, and the whole feudal system was objectively denied. One of the most memorable characters is the story of Yan Jiansheng, a miser. Yan Jiansheng is a veritable "iron cock". He doesn't spend anything, he will never spend money unless he has to, and he will die if he wants money.
Yan Jiansheng's illness got worse every day, and he never looked back. Finally, on his deathbed, he held out two fingers but refused to die. The eldest nephew, the second nephew, the wet nurse and others all speculated, but they didn't get to the point. Finally, Zhao stepped forward and said, "Sir, I know what you are thinking. You ordered two corduroies for that lamp. Don't worry, I'm afraid you waste lamp oil. " It was not until Scott picked a rush that he nodded and swallowed. No matter how poor and down-and-out, people can afford two light bulbs. Yan Jiansheng is a rich man, and the money for two light bulbs is insignificant to him. A person who is going to Elysium is obsessed with two light bulbs and can't swallow that breath. This detail shows Yan Jiansheng's care for himself. Of course, we should also realize the complexity of Yan Jiansheng's personality.
His character has a stingy side, a humble and pitiful side, and a generous human side. He used money as a talisman to eliminate disasters and make peace. After his wife Wang was ill, he asked a famous doctor to fry ginseng, which was unambiguous. After the death of the king, he was heartbroken and "fell on the bed and cried." This is not a tear point of "taking part in accidental amusement", here he wrote his own human side. Because he had no family advantage, he was afraid of his eldest brother Yan until his death. He lived a humble life and died a coward. As for the accumulation of property, there are two main ways: first, through exploitation and possession; The second is to reduce expenses by poor management, careful calculation and even self-abuse in lifestyle. He loves and accumulates wealth, but sometimes he is generous. His unwillingness to give in to others is fully revealed in his sad last words that he left his brother-in-law alone. He said, "After my death, two old uncles took care of your nephew and taught him to read. Only by studying hard can he get ahead, and he won't be angry with the big house all day like me. " His last words are a summary of his life experience.
In a word, he is a character who has been teased by the ruling class. The author vividly depicts his stingy, fickle, generous and human nature. Yan Jiansheng's multi-faceted description of deformed soul made me feel the author's profound intention and wit.
;