Reference answers

1. Fill in the blanks with literary knowledge.

1． The author of "Chu Shi Biao" is Zhuge Liang, whose courtesy name is Kong Ming. He was a statesman and military strategist in the Shu Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms.

2． Table: A type of ancient memorial. Used to state the author's requests and wishes to the monarch. This article is a confession written by the author to his later master Liu Chan (name) when he led his troops north to attack Wei. The "former emperor" mentioned in this "table" refers to Liu Bei (name). Lu You, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, spoke highly of this essay and said, "If you go out as a master, you will be a real name in the world. Who can be compared to others in a thousand years?

3. Zhuge Liang wrote this essay in the fifth year of Jianxing of the Shu Han Dynasty for the first time. Before conquering the Wei Dynasty, his purpose of writing this article was to make the domestic politics clear and have a stable strategic rear, so that his plan of "Northern Conquest of the Central Plains" could be realized. Only by being far away can one achieve the great goal of "restoring the Han Dynasty".

2. Add punctuated phonetic notations for the following words (omitted)

3. Explain the underlined content words in the sentence. :

1. Zhongdao collapse (death, collapse, refers to the death of the emperor in ancient times. death, death)

2. Yizhou fatigue (lack of manpower and material resources) 3. Perseverance in Internal (lazy)

4. This is also the autumn of sincerity and crisis (reality) (here is the meaning of "time")

5. A loyal person (loyal and ambitious) 6 , The special treatment (memory) of the late emperor (preferential treatment, generous treatment)

7. Kaizhang Shengting (expanding the hearing of sages. This is to ask the emperor to listen to the opinions of others extensively)

8. Yiguang Xiandi (carry forward the glory) 9. Magnificent spirit of lofty ideals (verb, carry forward and expand. Also known as "magnificent")

10. Belittle oneself (underestimate oneself without any basis. Refers to belittle oneself, Self-destruction)

11. Improper quotation (speech is inappropriate. Mistaken quotation, called quotation, metaphor. Meaning, appropriate, appropriate.)

12. Use it to block loyal admonitions Road (blocked) 13. Zhi Punishment Zang No (Zhi, reward. Zang, good. No, bad, evil.)

14. Commitment of crime (doing evil things, violating laws and regulations)

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15. Pay a judge to discuss his punishment and reward (give, deliver) (punishment)

16. Show your majesty’s principles of fairness (zhao, show.) (zhao, fair. Ming, discernment) . ) (Government) 17. Don’t be partial (preferential) 18. These are good and honest people (kind and honest people) 19. Pure and honest (loyalty) 20 , It is because of the late emperor (therefore, therefore)

21. Jian Li Yiyi His Majesty (selection) (give) 22. Foolishly thought (self-proclaimed modest words. I)

23. Learn to consult (consultation) 24. 訨裙昙 (gain to fill the gap) (pass "deficiency", fault)

25. Sexual behavior Shujun (Shu, good) (equal, even) < /p>

26. Know the military (Mingxiao, Tongda) 27. Promote favors as governors (recommendations)

28. Will be able to make the formation harmonious, and the superior and the inferior will be in their place (army formation) (Those with high talents and those with low talents)

29. The reason why the Han Dynasty declined after that (the reason for...) (frivolity, decline)

30. Sighing and hating Huan Ling (Resentment, regret)

31. Zhenliang Death Festival (Zhen, steadfastness.

Loyal and reliable, capable of serving the country with death)

32. Working hard in Nanyang (personally) 32. Preserving one's life in troubled times (preserving oneself)

33. Not seeking knowledge (prosperity, having reputation) 34. The late emperor did not regard his ministers as despicable (low status, despicable origin)

35. Humiliation, here means lowering status) (condescend to be humble)

36. So grateful (moved to work hard) 37. Then Xu Xiandi promised to drive (run around to serve)

38. Later it was overturned (encountered) (defeated) 39. Erlai (at that time)

40. Send great things to ministers (entrust) 41. Sigh all night long (morning, morning)

42. In order to harm the late emperor’s wisdom (damage) 43. Go deep into the barren land (grain, Here is the verb to grow crops)

44. 庶 exhausted 驽彩(hope) (a metaphor for mediocre talent. 驽, a bad horse, a horse that cannot walk fast. Blunt, the blade is not sharp)

45. Get rid of evil forces (eliminate, eradicate) (evil forces)

46. Consider profits and losses (loss, remove. Gain, establish, increase)

47. Responsibility, 袆 , Slowness (negligence, negligence)

48. May your Majesty’s relatives trust (closeness) (trust) 49. To show the blame (show) (fault)

50 , Consulting the good way of Susu (asking) 51. Chanayayan (clear observation) (acceptance) (righteous words)

52. Tears (crying)

6. Explain the following ancient and modern synonyms:

1. Chengyi opens Shengting and expands the store opening

2. Wei Wei sighs and hates Yu Huan, Ling Ye feels sad, regrets and hates extremely

3. The late emperor did not regard his ministers as despicable and of low status, and he was born in a humble family and behaved badly

4. He was moved by gratitude and expressed deep gratitude

5. He was knowledgeable about military matters and knew how to understand. Tongda

6. No tears or snot in the face

7. Then the late emperor was allowed to serve by driving the chariots and horses

7. The word has multiple meanings:

Benefit: to have a wide range of benefits (benefits), to consider profits and losses (increase)

Legacy: to light the legacy of the late emperor (legacy). Give)

Effect: fear that the entrustment will not be effective (effective), the effect of bringing the thief back to life (task), if not effective, punish the minister's crime (realization)

Conduct: Shujun in sexual conduct (behavior) must be able to make the formation harmonious (cohort)

Wei: all as one (verb of judgment, yes) favor as governor (verb, do as)

Ability: the late emperor Called Neng (competent, capable), he will be able to make the array harmonious (able)

Tao: The middle path collapses (the road) and the good way (method) is consulted

Legacy: Yiguang Xiandi's legacy (legacy) The former emperor simply removed Yiyiyi Your Majesty (given)

Discussion: It is appropriate to pay a minister to discuss his punishment and reward (judge, judge) and discuss the matter with his ministers (discuss, discuss)< /p>

8. Point out the aliases in the following sentences and explain them.

1. We must make up for all the shortcomings, shortcomings and omissions

2. You will be twenty-one years old, and there will be a fraction after the whole number

1. Autumn is also a time of critical life and death. Autumn: time, period (time, moment).

2. Magnificent spirit of lofty ideals Magnificent: This refers to the verb, which means to carry forward and expand.

3. Being arrogant means you are in vain. Erotic here refers to: lowering your status.

4. These are all good and honest. Good and honest: This refers to kind and honest people.

5. A slut (an inferior horse) or a blunt (a sword that is not sharp) is a metaphor for mediocre talent, which is Zhuge Liang's self-effacing words.

6. These are all good and honest people: the adjective is used as a noun, a kind and honest person.

7. Close to the virtuous minister, far away from the villain: the adjective is used as a verb, close or distant.

8. Go deep into barrenness: the noun is used as a verb to grow seedlings or crops.

9. Magnificent spirit of lofty ideals: adjective as verb, carry forward.

10． Good or bad: adjectives serve as nouns, referring to people with strong abilities and those with weak abilities (good or bad)

10. Translation of key sentences

1. This is my duty to repay the late Emperor and to be loyal to His Majesty. *This is my duty to repay the late Emperor and to be loyal to Your Majesty.

2. This is the critical moment of life and death for the sincerity. This is really a critical situation, a critical moment that determines survival.

3. The late emperor’s business was not halfway through, but the middle road collapsed. Today, the next three Divided, Yizhou is exhausted and disadvantaged, and this is the time when the survival of the sincerity is in danger.

*The late emperor passed away half way through his great cause. Now that the world is divided into three kingdoms, our manpower in Yizhou is exhausted and the people's livelihood is in decline. This is really an extremely critical situation that determines life and death.

4. The palace and the mansion are all integrated into one body. There should be no similarities or differences between them. If there are those who commit *violations and are loyal and kind,

*the close ministers in the palace and the officials in charge of the prime minister's office are all one body, and rewards and punishments for merits and demerits, good and bad, should not be based on those who are in the palace or It varies from house to house.

5. To be close to virtuous ministers and to stay away from villains is why the early Han Dynasty prospered; to be close to villains and to be distant to virtuous ministers is why the later Han Dynasty declined

*To be close to virtuous ministers is to alienate them Villains were the reason for the prosperity of the Early Han Dynasty; being close to villains and alienating virtuous ministers was the reason for the decline of the Later Han Dynasty.

6. These are the ministers of the Zhenliang Death Festival *These are loyal ministers who are loyal and reliable and can die to serve the country.

7. I am a commoner, working hard in Nanyang, surviving in troubled times, and not seeking to be heard by the princes. The late emperor did not think that I was despicable, and that I was in vain. The minister was moved by what was going on at that time, so he promised the late emperor to drive him.

*I am originally a commoner, working as a farmer in Nanyang County. I just want to save my life in troubled times, and I don’t want the princes to know me and gain nobility. The late Emperor did not mind that I was of low birth and humble origin, but he humiliated himself and lowered himself. He visited me in my thatched cottage three times in succession, and consulted me on major current affairs. I was deeply moved and agreed to serve me.

8. When the army was defeated and ordered to be in danger, you have been twenty-one years.

*I accepted the appointment when the war failed, and I was appointed during the crisis.

9. The late emperor was cautious in informing his ministers, so he sent important matters to his ministers when he was about to die.

*The late emperor knew that I was cautious, so when the late emperor was dying, he entrusted me with state affairs.

10. May your Majesty ask his ministers to bring the thieves back to life, and if they fail to do so, punish them for their crimes, so as to inform the late emperor’s spirit in heaven.

*I hope that your Majesty will entrust me with the task of defeating the *thieves and reviving the Han Dynasty. If it fails, you will convict me, so as to inform the late emperor's spirit in heaven.

11. It is not advisable to belittle oneself and use metaphors that are unjust. *You should not belittle yourself casually and speak inappropriately, thus blocking the way of giving advice and advice!

12. I want to repay His Majesty the special treatment I received from the late Emperor. *Probably (because of) the special kindness I received from the late Emperor, I want to repay His Majesty.

Eleven. Comprehensible dictation

1. Write a sentence that echoes the word "despicable" in "The late emperor did not regard his ministers as despicable." (1 point) Chen was originally a commoner and worked hard in Nanyang.

2. What does the author think are the conditions for launching the Northern Expedition? *The south has been secured and the troops are sufficient.

3. The author wrote about the "special treatment of the late emperor" that he received in "Chu Shi Biao", and silently wrote the relevant words

Among them, the counselors talked about the affairs of the world.

""On the verge of death, send a minister a strange event"

4. Zhuge Liang advised Liu Chan to adhere to the same standards for rewards and punishments for officials in the palace and the government: "Zhi, punishment, Zang, no, should not be similar or different;"

5. Zhuge Liang’s sentence to hope that his successor would not underestimate him is: Don’t underestimate yourself; 6. Zhuge Liang’s sentence to propose strict rewards and punishments to his successor is: If there are those who commit crimes and are loyal, It is advisable to have an official discuss the punishment and rewards to show your Majesty's fairness; it is not advisable to be partial and make different laws inside and outside.

7. There is this saying in "The Collection of Zhuge Liang": "Rewards must not be unfair, and punishment must not be unfair." "Both". This is consistent with the two sentences in "Chu Shi Biao" that "it is not suitable to be partial and use different methods internally and externally".

8. "Chu Shi Biao" states that the reason why Zhuge Liang followed the late emperor was that the late emperor did not treat his ministers as ministers. Despicable and self-indulgent, the three ministers stayed in the thatched cottage, and the ministers were grateful for the affairs of the world, so they allowed the emperor to drive away.

9. The sentence that expresses the author's ambition is: Gou lives his life in troubled times and does not seek to reach the princes;

10. The sentence that points out the strategic goal of the army is: lead the three armies in the north to conquer the Central Plains, eliminate the common people and the stupid, eliminate the traitors, and revive the Han Dynasty. , returned to the old capital;

11. The three suggestions made by the author to the emperor are: ① open a holy hearing; ② the palace and the house are all integrated, and there should be no similarities or differences; ③ good ministers , stay away from villains (or: spread the word, be strict about rewards and punishments, stay close to virtuous ministers, and stay away from nefarious people.)

12. The most important piece of advice Zhuge Liang gave Liu Chan is: stay close to virtuous ministers, and stay away from villains (or: stay close to virtuous ministers, and stay away from villains. Xian Yuan Cheng)

14. The sentence in "Chu Shi Biao" explains the political situation of the Shu Kingdom at that time: The late emperor collapsed before he started his business.

15. The sentence that shows that the author is not interested in fame is: I live my life in troubled times, and do not seek to learn from the princes

16. How did the author express his gratitude to the late emperor for his kindness?

*Then Xu Xiandi To drive away

17. Why did the author "sigh in sorrow all night long" after receiving the order?

*For fear that the entrustment would be ineffective and harm the late emperor's wisdom

18. "The former emperor was cautious in knowing his ministers, so he sent his ministers to do important things before his collapse." What does "big things" specifically refer to in this paragraph? Use the four four-character phrases in the original text to answer. In the old capital

19. Zhuge Liang believes that the specific approach to "trusting your Majesty's relatives" should be: ① For matters in the palace, no matter how big or small, you should consult them carefully and then implement them; ② For matters in the camp,

(1) The sentence that expresses the author's ambition is: Gou Quan lives in troubled times, and does not seek to learn and reach the princes;

(2) The author puts forward three points to the emperor. The suggestions are: ① Kai Zhang Shengting ② Zhi punishes whether there are similarities or differences; ③ Be close to the virtuous ministers, and stay away from the villains (3) The most important piece of Zhuge Liang's advice to Liu Chan is: Be close to the virtuous ministers, and stay away from the villains

(6) Zhuge Liang hopes that his master will not underestimate him casually: It is not appropriate to belittle oneself

(7) There is such a saying in "Zhuge Liang Collection": "Rewards must not be unequal, and punishment must not be unequal." This is consistent with the two sentences in "Chu Shi Biao" that "it is not appropriate to be partial and use different methods inside and outside."

(8) When the Chinese men's football team failed repeatedly in the World Cup, Milu became the head coach of the national team. This is: "taking charge of the defeated army and taking orders in times of crisis."

(11) The reasons for the decline of the Later Han Dynasty: being close to villains and distant virtuous ministers, this is why the Later Han Dynasty declined.

(12) Zhu Xunliang analyzed the situation in the world, and the favorable subjective conditions were: the ministers of the bodyguard were unremitting in their internal affairs, and the loyal people forgot themselves externally.

(13) The sentence that expresses the author's feelings for the Liu family and his son is: This minister repays the late emperor and is loyal to His Majesty's duty.

(16) "Chu Shi Biao" states that the reason why Zhuge Liang followed the late emperor was: the late emperor did not think that his ministers were despicable, and he was in vain. Out of gratitude, he promised the late emperor to drive him.

(17) The reason why the author "sighed all night long": He was afraid that the entrustment would not be effective and would damage the late emperor's wisdom.

(18) The conditions for "rewarding the three armies and conquering the Central Plains in the north" are: the south has been conquered and the troops are sufficient.

(19) "In pursuit of the late Emperor's legacy", "Yi Zhao" refers to: Do ??not do evil because it is small, and do not do good because it is small. Only those who are virtuous and virtuous can obey others.

When appointing a person to save the situation, people often quote a famous saying in this article: When the army is defeated, you are ordered to be in danger;

The superior appointed Zheng Xing as the director of the factory. , to save the factory that was on the verge of bankruptcy, people said that Zheng Xing was: "He was appointed when the army was defeated, and he was ordered to be in danger." (Fill in the famous sentences from "The Master List")

Twelve. Basic points:

1. "The Master's Guide" is selected from "The Collection of Zhuge Liang". The author Zhuge Liang, also known as Kongming, was a famous statesman and military strategist during the Three Kingdoms period. "Biao" is an ancient style of writing to express feelings to the emperor. In the article, Zhuge Liang proposed three suggestions to Liu Chan, his successor, to open up the public mind, be strict about rewards and punishments, and stay close to the virtuous and distant from the nefarious, expressing his deep feelings of "repaying the late emperor" and "loyalty to His Majesty." The expression of the article is mainly argumentative, but also uses narrative and lyricism.

2. The article reviews the two incidents of visiting the thatched cottage three times and leaving the orphan before the collapse. Express gratitude for being favored.

3. The "Chen" in the article refers to Zhuge Liang, the "Xiandi" refers to Liu Bei, and the "Your Majesty" refers to Liu Chan.

4. Biao is a kind of ancient memorial. It is an ancient style of writing to the emperor. That is, the letters written by ministers to the emperor mostly state their wishes, requests and responses to certain issues. Views, commonly used in discussion, narrative and lyricism.

5. Zhuge Liang made three suggestions to his late master Liu Chan in "Shi Shi Biao", which are all important strategies for governing the country. These three suggestions are in order: wide open the way of speech (open Zhang Shengting), strict rules on rewards and punishments (clear rewards and punishments), close relatives Xian is far away from treachery. The most important one is: be close to the virtuous and stay away from the nefarious. In the words of the text, "Be close to the virtuous ministers and stay away from the villains." This is fundamentally related to the survival of the country and is the core of the three suggestions.

6. Idioms in "Chu Shi Biao": open to the saints, belittle oneself, commit crimes, visit the thatched cottage three times, get what is good and bad, and use metaphors to make sense.

7. Zhuge Liang mentioned the late Emperor Liu Bei 13 times in the article "The Master's Guide". His intention was to encourage the late master Liu Chan to pursue the late emperor's edict deeply and "to honor the late emperor's legacy" to complete "the late emperor Liu Bei". The great cause of unification is yet to be achieved."

8. In addition, Zhuge Liang focused on the two major events related to the late emperor's "Three Visits to the Thatched Cottage" and "Leaving an Isolated Man Before His Death",

Thirteen. Sort out the text content.

The first part (1-5) analyzes the current situation, points out the crisis, encourages Liu Chan to inherit the late emperor's legacy, and proposes to him three suggestions: widening the voice, being strict about rewards and punishments, and keeping friends with the virtuous and far away from the nefarious.

The first paragraph: Analyze the current situation and put forward suggestions for broadening the voice. Analyzing the situation, we first talk about the unfavorable objective conditions and point out that this is the moment that determines survival

. We hope that Liu Chan will "think about danger" and then talk about the favorable subjective conditions, that is, "the ministers of the bodyguard will be unremitting in their hearts, and the loyal people will forget "Being outside",

This puts forward the suggestion of broadening the scope of speech.

Paragraph 2: Suggestions on strict rewards and punishments.

The third paragraph: Explain the internal affairs arrangements before leaving the army.

Paragraph 4: Explain the military and political arrangements made before leaving the army.

Paragraph 5: Put forward suggestions for those who are close to the virtuous and far away from the necessities. The first sentence summarizes the historical experience and lessons of the Han Dynasty from both positive and negative sides; the second sentence quotes the story of the first emperor, explaining that "loving the villain" will definitely lead to the destruction of the country; the last sentence recommends virtuous ministers, explaining that only by "loving the virtuous ministers" can the country prosper.

The second part (6-7) recalls the past, states the reasons, and expresses the feeling of "gratitude" and the determination to "defeat the Central Plains in the north" and "revitalize the Han Dynasty".

The sixth paragraph: A self-narration of the original intention and the kindness of the late emperor who "visited the thatched cottage three times". First, he narrates his own ambition (not interested in fame and fortune, and has no intention of success), and then narrates the late emperor's "three visits to the thatched cottage" to express his gratitude; finally, he summarizes the history of the late emperor's hardships and troubles, explaining the difficulties of starting a business, and further expressing the author's feelings. Be loyal to the wishes of Liu Bei and his son.

Paragraph 7: Reminiscing about Tuogu in Baidi City and expressing his determination to revive the Han Dynasty. The first sentence describes the incident of Baidicheng Tuo Guo; then it describes the mood and actions "since receiving the order"; then it talks about the current situation and puts forward the strategic goals of the army; the last sentence adds the arrangement of the internal affairs of the army and inspires the later master to accept advice from the wise. .

The third part (8-9) distinguishes responsibilities, expresses determination, and points out the main theme of the whole article.

Paragraph 8: Summarize the responsibilities of all aspects. First of all, he must be strict with himself, secondly, he must strictly demand all the ministers in the court, and finally he also puts forward the hope of "advising the emperor on the good way, listening to the good words, and deeply following the late emperor's edict".

Paragraph 9: Concluding remarks.

Fourteen. Relevant links:

(1) Relevant verses:

1. When you become a master, you will be truly famous in the world. Who can be compared to others in a thousand years? (Lu You's "Book of Indignation")

2. Three visits frequently disturbed the world's plans, and two dynasties opened the hearts of old officials. He died before leaving the army, which made the hero burst into tears. (Du Fu's "The Prime Minister of Shu")

3. Maybe it's an example of being a master, and ghosts and gods weep heroically. (Wen Tianxiang's "Song of Righteousness")

4. There is no one who can perform well in a thousand years, which is far more than the wind music. (Lu You's "Wuhou Shutang")

5. When you start teaching, you can understand the past and the present with one watch, and you can take a closer look at the lamp in the middle of the night. (Lu You's "Sickness in the Book")

(2) Typical examples that reflect Zhuge Liang's cleverness and wisdom in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" include:

The Empty City Strategy, Seven Captures of Meng Huo, and Straw Boats Borrowing arrows, fighting with the Confucian scholars, setting up the eight-sealing formation, and Zhou Yu with three Qi

Fifteen. Five open-ended questions

1. "Shishi Biao" has sincere lyrics and contains many famous and popular sentences. Please write down one sentence that you appreciate. Based on the content of the article, tell what kind of person Zhuge Liang is.

* (4 points) Write any famous sentence in the article and get 2 points. For example: "I was appointed when the army was defeated, and I was ordered to be in danger", "Be close to the virtuous ministers, and stay away from the villains". If you can find the basis for your understanding of the characters from the chapters in the article, you will get 2 points. For example: Be loyal to the emperor and serve the country, and be foresighted.

2. Idioms and famous sentences: Belittle oneself. Visit the thatched cottage three times. Do not do evil because it is small, and do not do good because it is small.

He was appointed when the army was defeated and ordered to be in danger.

3. The following is Du Fu's seven-rhythm poem "The Prime Minister of Shu". Which sentences in the poem have the same meaning as the article? Please excerpt it on the horizontal line. (2 points)

Where to find the Prime Minister’s ancestral hall? There are many trees outside Jinguan City.

The green grass reflects the spring color on the steps, and the oriole sounds good in the sky through the leaves.

* Three visits frequently troubled the world, and two dynasties opened the hearts of old ministers.

He died before he left the army, which made the hero burst into tears.

4. The following couplet summarizes Zhuge Liang’s life achievements. Referring to the examples, choose two of the six items listed and write down what they refer to. (2 points) Collect Erchuan, line up in eight formations, take out six and capture seven, and light forty-nine lanterns in front of the five-foot plain, just to reward the three.

Take Western Shu, determine the southern barbarians, and reject the east and north. In the central army tent, the golden, wood, earth, and divine hexagrams are transformed, and the water surface can be attacked with fire.

[Example] Three visits: Three visits to the thatched cottage

(1) Six out: Six out of Qishan (2) Seven captures: Seven captures of Meng Huo (3) Donghe: Donghe Sun Wu

(4) Reject from the north: Reject Cao Wei from the north (5) Collect Erchuan: Collect Dongchuan and Xichuan (6) Arrange eight formations: Set up eight formations

(Answer any of them Two, as long as the meaning is correct)

5. Recall the full text, from Zhuge Liang's words to Liu Chan: "It is better to be open to the public", "It is not suitable to be partial", "It is better to seek for oneself", "It is not suitable to belittle oneself", "It is better to be close to others" What principles of life have you learned from the sincere teachings of "a wise minister, a far-off villain"?

*Listen to others’ opinions with an open mind, not be selfish, be confident, self-reliant, self-reliant, and be prudent in making friends. (In addition to these four points, you can also have new insights.)