Names for fathers:

(1) Parents: Parents are the most important relatives among relatives, except for "parents", "parents", "elders" and "father and mother" In addition to the collective names commonly used in ancient and modern times, there are also "Gaotang", "Yanjun", "Zunqin", "Yanqin", "Liangqin", "Qinwei", etc., as well as "Sheng" and "Chunxuan" written by literati. etc. for parents.

(2) Father, Father: It is a common name for father in ancient and modern times. You can also call father "Gong", "Weng", "Zun", "Sir", "Yan Jun", "Ye". ”, “Dad”, “Dad”, “I” etc.

(3) Zun: A common honorific term in ancient times. When calling one's own father, you can call it "family honor", and when calling the other party's father, you call it "father".

(4) Ye: A broader term for adult men in ancient times. It began to be used as a term for grandfather in the Song Dynasty. In the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, it was used as a term for father, or written as "ye".

Names for mothers:

(1) Mother: is the most common name for mother. In ancient times, most of the names for mothers are similar to "mother", and also used A general term for adult women or elderly women. The heavier ones are: "po", "mother", "mother", "grandma", "big", "mother", "ci", "jiajia" and "sister" "wait.

(6) Stepmother: If one's mother dies, divorces, or is expelled by her parents, the wife she remarries is called stepmother, stepparent, stepmother, false mother, or stepmother.

(7) Chumu: If you can still see your mother after leaving home, you are called Chumu.

(8) Biological mother: In ancient polygamous families, one's biological mother was called "biological mother" or "biological mother".

(9) Concubine: In ancient polygamous families, if one's biological mother is the head wife, the father's concubines are called "concubine", "young mother", "mother", "concubine" mother".

Extended information:

Other ways of addressing

By name

The names of the ancients were mostly used to refer to themselves, and few people called them directly. its name. Most people who call them names are elders or peers. Take the famous anti-Japanese national hero General Zhang Xueliang as an example. The general often calls himself "Xueliang", while his teachers and friends often call him "Hanqing", which means he is cordial and close to others.

Called by other names

The famous poet Li Bai was called Qinglian layman, Bai Juyi was called Xiangshan layman, Ouyang Xiu was called Drunkard, also known as Liuyi layman, and Su Shi was called Dongpo layman. Most of them show respect.

Called by Junwang

Junwang refers to a person’s hometown. For example, the Tang Dynasty essayist Liu Zongyuan’s ancestral home was Hedong, and Han Yu lived in Changli County for generations, so later generations called them Liu respectively. Hedong, Han Changli. The two of them also have "Mr. Hedong's Collection" and "Mr. Changli's Collection" handed down to the world respectively.

Called by official position

Wang Wei once lived in Shangshu Youcheng, so he was also called Wang Youcheng. Du Fu once served as a staff officer in Jiannan Jiedushi Yan Wumuzhong, and Wu Biao was an inspector. Wai Lang, a member of the Ministry, was called Du Gong Bu in his old life. Liu Yong was also called Liu Tun Tian because he was a member of the Ministry of Agriculture.

Posthumous title

A posthumous title is an honorary title bestowed upon a person by the emperor based on his merits during his lifetime. For example, Ouyang Xiu was posthumously named Wenzhong, and later generations called him Ouyang Wenzhonggong. There is "Ouyang Wenzhong Collection". Fan Zhongyan was posthumously named Wenzheng, and later generations called him Fan Wenzhenggong.

Named after his study

Pu Songling is known as Mr. Liaozhai because his study is called Liaozhai. He is famous for his short story collection "Strange Stories from a Liaozhai Studio".

Known as his representative work

Zhang Xian, a poet in the Song Dynasty, was skillful in language and made good use of the word "shadow" in three places, so he was known as Zhang Sanying.

Called by the place of residence

The Qing Dynasty scholar Yuan Mei lived in Suiyuan and was called the owner of Suiyuan.

Reference source: Baidu Encyclopedia Titles of Ancients