Li Bai was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty. He was hailed as the Immortal of Poetry by later generations, and was called "Li Du" together with Du Fu. Li Bai was a cheerful and generous man who loved drinking, writing poems, and making friends. The following is the life story of Li Bai that I share with you. Everyone is welcome to read and learn.
Li Bai’s life experience
1. Promising at a young age
Li Bai studied a wide range of subjects in his youth. In addition to Confucian classics and ancient literary and historical masterpieces, he also read The book of hundreds of schools of thought, and "good swordsmanship" ("Book with Han Jingzhou"). He believed in the Taoism that was popular at that time very early and liked to live in seclusion in the mountains and forests, seeking immortality and learning Taoism. At the same time, he also had political ambitions to make contributions. He claimed that he wanted to "apply Guan Yan's talk, seek the emperor's skills, and develop his wisdom. He is willing to serve as an assistant and make great achievements." Huan District Dading, Hai County Jingyi" ("Dai Shoushan's reply to Meng Shaofu's transfer of documents"). On the one hand, one has to be an otherworldly hermit and immortal, and on the other hand, one has to be the monarch's assistant and minister. This creates a contradiction between being born in the world and joining the world. However, actively participating in the WTO and caring about the country were the mainstream of his life's thoughts and the ideological basis that formed the progressive content of his works. Very few of the poems written by Li Bai in his youth in Shu have survived, but pieces such as "Visiting Dai Tianshan Taoist No Encounter" and "Mount Emei Moon Song" have shown outstanding talent.
2. Say goodbye to relatives and travel far away
In the 13th year of Kaiyuan (725 AD), Li Bai left Shu, "going to the country with a sword, saying goodbye to relatives and traveling far away". He took a boat out of the gorge along the river, and gradually went further and further away. The mountains of his hometown gradually disappeared and became unrecognizable. Only the water flowing out of the Three Gorges still followed him, pushing his boat forward, and taking him to a strange and distant place. Go to the city.
What Li Bai never expected was that he would have an extraordinary meeting in Jiangling. He actually met Sima Chengzhen, a Taoist priest revered by three generations of emperors. Sima Chengzhen, a Taoist priest from Tiantai, not only learned a complete set of Taoist spells, but he was also good at writing seal script and his poems were as elegant as immortals. Xuanzong respected him very much. He once summoned him to the inner palace to ask for advice on Buddhist scriptures. He also built a balcony for him and sent his sister Princess Yuzhen to learn Taoism from him. Li Bai was naturally very happy to see this favored Taoist priest, and even sent his own poems for his review. Sima Chengzhen admired Li Bai's majestic appearance and extraordinary talents at first sight. When he read his poems and essays, he was even more amazed, praising him as "having the spirit of an immortal and capable of traveling to the eight extremes with the spirit." Because he saw that Li Bai not only had extraordinary appearance and bearing, but also had extraordinary talents and writings, and he was not obsessed with the honors and officials of the world. This was a talent he had not seen in the government and in the public sector for decades, so he used the highest Taoist Praise him with words of praise. This means that he has "immortal roots", that is, he has the innate factors to become an immortal. This is similar to the way He Zhizhang later praised him as an "immortal". They regarded him as an extraordinary person. This is the general impression that Li Bai's demeanor and poetry style give people.
Li Bai was delighted by Sima Chengzhen's high evaluation. He is determined to pursue an eternal and immortal world like "Wandering to the Eight Extremes of the Divine". When he was excited, he wrote a great poem "Ode to the Dapeng Encountering a Rare Bird", using the Dapeng as a metaphor for itself and exaggerating the size and speed of the Dapeng. This is Li Bai's earliest famous article. From Jiangling, he began his journey of thousands of miles.
Li Bai went south from Jiangling, passed through Yueyang, and then went south, then arrived at one of the destinations of his trip. But while boating on Dongting Lake, an unfortunate thing happened. Li Bai's traveling companion from Sichuan, Wu Guanzhi, died of a sudden illness (or was beaten to death). Li Bai was so grief-stricken that he fell beside his friend and cried loudly, "weeping all the way and then bleeding." Because he cried so painfully, passersby shed tears when they heard him. Encountering such misfortune on the journey, Li Bai had no choice but to temporarily bury Wu Guide at the Dongting Lake, and continued his eastward journey, determined to carry his friend's bones after his southeast trip. Li Bai came to Lushan Mountain and composed the popular song "Looking at the Lushan Waterfall" here.
Li Bai arrived at Jinling, the ancient capital of the Sixth Dynasty. The mountains and rivers here are majestic, tigers and dragons sit on top of each other, and the palaces of the Six Dynasties are clearly visible. This not only aroused many emotions in Li Bai, but also aroused his pride in the era in which he lived.
Li Bai also met He Zhizhang this time in Chang'an. Li Bai once went to Ziji Palace and unexpectedly met He Zhizhang there. He had read Mr. He's poems a long time ago. When they met this time, he naturally came forward to pay his respects and presented the poem book in his sleeve. He Zhizhang admired "The Road to Shu is Difficult" and "Wu Qi Qu". He excitedly took off the beetle on his belt and asked people to go out to exchange wine for a drink with Li Bai. He Zhizhang was so surprised by Li Bai's magnificent poems and unrestrained demeanor that he actually said: "Are you descended from the Taibai Venus to the earth?"
A year has passed, and Li Bai is still a guest in Chang'an and has no chance to take up any post. , he felt a little depressed. His friend sincerely invited him to live in seclusion in Qingshanzhiyang, but Li Bai had no intention of going. This time he went to Chang'an with the ideal of making achievements, but found nothing. This made Li Bai feel disappointed and a little angry. He went to the prince's door to pay homage and begged for help, but he was extremely dissatisfied. He could only leave Chang'an with the sigh of "it's difficult to travel, but it's hard to go back."
4. Grant gold and return it
The 42-year-old Li Bai was recommended by Princess Yuzhen, the sister of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (it is said that she was recommended by the Taoist priest Wu Jun). His talents are greatly appreciated and he is treated with great courtesy. Li Yangbing's "Preface to the Thatched Cottage Collection" said: "The chariot descends and steps to greet it, as if seeing Qihao (one of the "Four Brights in Shangshan" between Qin and Han Dynasties)". "Give him food on a bed of seven treasures, and give him rice with a spoon in his hand." But Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty only asked him to serve in the Imperial Academy and be his literary attendant. Three years later, he was "given gold and released" by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty.
Three years of living in Chang'an gave Li Bai a better understanding of all kinds of corruption and darkness in the court. Being "gifted with gold and released" by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was a watershed in Li Bai's political career.
In the first year of Tianbao (742 AD), due to the praise of Princess Yuzhen and He Zhizhang, Xuanzong read Li Bai's poems and admired him very much, so he summoned Li Bai to the palace. On the day when Li Bai entered the palace for an audience, Xuanzong came down to greet him, "put food in front of him on a seven-treasure bed, and spooned the soup with his own hands." Xuanzong asked about some contemporary affairs, and Li Bai, relying on his half-life study and long-term observation of society, was confident and answered fluently. Xuanzong greatly appreciated it and immediately ordered Li Bai to serve in the Hanlin Academy. His duties were to draft proclamations and accompany the emperor. Whenever Xuanzong had a banquet or outing, he would order Li Bai to serve as his attendant, and use his agile poetic talent to compose poems to record the events. Although it is not a record of meritorious service, his writings will be passed down to future generations and will be used as a grand event to show off to future generations. Li Bai was so favored by Xuanzong that his colleagues were envious, but some also felt jealous because of it.
When he was in Chang'an, in addition to serving the Imperial Academy and accompanying the emperor, Li Bai often walked in Chang'an City. He discovered that the country's prosperity contained a deep crisis, and that was the tyrannical eunuchs and arrogant relatives who were closest to the emperor. They enveloped Chang'an and China like dark clouds, giving Li Bai a strong sense of depression.
At the same time, Li Bai's dissolute behavior was slandered by Zhang Tan, a scholar of the Hanlin Academy, and some rifts arose between the two.
Li Bai was deeply moved by the corruption in government and the slander by his colleagues. He wrote a poem "The Hanlin Reading Words are presented to all the virtuous scholars" to express his intention to return to the mountain. Unexpectedly, at this moment, he was given gold and returned, which seemed to surprise Li Bai. It seems that Li Bai said something inappropriate when he was given the gold release this time.
5. Traveling afar again
In the summer of the third year of Tianbao (744 AD), Li Bai arrived in Luoyang, the eastern capital. Here, he met Du Fu who was naughty. Two of the greatest poets in the history of Chinese literature met. At this time, Li Bai had become famous throughout the country, while Du Fu was in his prime, but he was trapped in Luocheng.
Li Bai was eleven years older than Du Fu, but he did not use his talent and reputation to be arrogant in front of Du Fu; Li Bai bowed his head in praise in front of him. The two of them established a deep friendship as equals. When they were in Luoyang, they made an appointment to meet in Liang and Song Dynasties (today's Kaifeng and Shangqiu area) next time to visit Taoism and seek immortality.
In the autumn of the same year, the two came to Liang and Song Dynasties as promised. The two of them expressed their feelings and emotions here, and used the past to comment on the present. They also met the poet Gao Shi here, who did not have a salary at this time. However, the three of them have their own ambitions and the same ideals. The three people had a great time traveling, commenting on articles and poems, and talking about the general trend of the world. They were all worried about the hidden dangers of the country.
Li and Du were both in their prime at this time, and their creative discussions would have a positive impact on them in the future.
In the autumn and winter of this year, Li and Du broke up again, each looking for a Taoist disciple to make the true urn (the secret text of Taoism) and teach Taoism. Li Bai went to Qizhou (today's Jinan area of ????Shandong) and was taught the Taoist teachings by Gao Tianshi Rugui, a Taoist priest from the Ziji Palace in Ziji Palace. From then on, he officially fulfilled the Taoist rituals and became a Taoist priest. Later, Li Bai went to Anling County, Texas, and met Gai Liao, a man in this area who was good at writing talisman and seal scripts, and built the Zhenhuan for him. This time, Li Bai achieved perfect results in his quest for immortality.
In the autumn of the fourth year of Tianbao (745 AD), Li Bai and Du Fu met for the third time in Donglu. In just over a year, they met twice and met three times, and their friendship continued to deepen. Together they searched for the hermit master, and also went to Qizhou to visit Li Yong, a world-famous essayist and calligrapher at that time. In the winter of this year, the two broke up, and Li Bai prepared to revisit Jiangdong.
After Li Bai left Donglu, he took a boat from Rencheng and followed the canal to Yangzhou. Since he was in a hurry to go to Kuaiji to meet Yuan Danqiu, he didn't stay much longer. When he arrived in Kuaiji, Li Bai first went to pay his respects to the deceased He Zhizhang. Not long after, Kong Chaowen also arrived in Kuaiji, so Li Bai, Yuandanqiu and Kong Chaowen visited historical sites such as Yu Cave and Orchid Pavilion, went boating on Jing Lake, traveled to Yan River and other places, wandered in the mountains and rivers, and impromptuly described the beauty of this area. Mountains, rivers and historical heritage. In Jinling, Li Bai met Cui Chengfu. Both were politically frustrated, and their sentiments were even more congenial. Every time you play, swim to your heart’s content, regardless of morning or evening. They went boating on the Qinhuai River and sang all night long. People on both sides of the Taiwan Strait were amazed and clapped their hands to cheer them up. Because the two had similar personalities and similar experiences, they had a closer understanding and deeper friendship than ordinary friends. Therefore, Li Bai tied Cui Chengfu's poems to his clothes and recited them whenever he missed him.
6. Invited to the curtain
In the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755), the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and Li Bai took refuge in Lushan. At that time, there were always two contradictory thoughts in his mind: retreating and helping the world. Yongwang Li Lin happened to be on an eastward tour at this time, and Li Bai was invited to join the show. Li Bai went behind the scenes and made the biggest mistake in his life. He believed that the world was in chaos. At this time, the situation in the Tang Dynasty was very similar to that of Yongjia's southern crossing in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It was a good time to separate the south of the Yangtze River. Therefore, he urged King Yong to go straight to Jinling, and after King Yong launched the rebellion, he wrote eleven songs of "King Yong's Eastern Patrol", including "King Yong set out in the east of the first month of the first month, and the emperor separated the dragon and tiger flags from afar", "The northern captives of Sanchuan" The chaos is like hemp, running southward like Yongjia, but with Dongshan Xie Anshi, chatting and laughing for the king to clear the Husha, "The south wind sweeps away Hu Chenjing, west to Chang'an to the edge of the sun" and other words, comparing himself to Xie An, encouraging Li Lin The intention of separatism and becoming emperor is clear. Xiao Yingshi, Kong Chaofu, and Liu Yan who were also in Jiangnan were also invited by King Yong but refused to participate in order to avoid disaster. Li Bai was obviously inferior to them in this regard. King Yong was defeated soon after, and Li Bai was imprisoned in Xunyang Prison. At this time, Cui Huan promoted Jiangnan and recruited talents. Li Bai wrote a poem asking for help, and his wife Zong also cried for help. Song Ruosi, who stationed three thousand Wu soldiers in Xunyang, rescued Li Bai from prison and allowed him to join the shogunate. Li Bai became Song Ruosi's staff, wrote some essays for Song, and followed him to Wuchang. Li Bai was highly regarded by Song Ruosi and recommended him to the court again in the name of Song, hoping to be appointed by the court again. But for some unknown reason, instead of being appointed, he was replaced by Changliu Yelang (now Tongzi, Guizhou), which was completely unexpected. In the winter of the second year of Zhide (757), Li Bai went from Xunyang Road to his place of exile, Yelang. Because the crime he was sentenced to was a long-lasting crime that would soon be gone forever, and Li Bai was already in his twilight years, and he couldn't help but feel even more sad as he "traveled thousands of miles to the west and made people grow old".
7. Died of serious illness
In the second year of Qianyuan (759 AD), Li Bai traveled to Wushan. Due to a severe drought in Guanzhong, the court announced a general amnesty and stipulated that the deceased should be exiled. Full pardon below. In this way, Li Bai finally gained freedom after a long period of wandering. He immediately sailed down the Yangtze River, and the famous song "Early Departure from Baidi City" best reflected his mood at that time. When he arrived in Jiangxia, Li Bai stayed for a while because his old friend Liang Zai was working as a prefect there.
In the second year of Qianyuan, at the invitation of a friend, Li Bai once again went boating with the demoted Jia Zhi to admire the moon in the Dongting, thinking about the ancient feelings and composing poems to express his feelings. Soon, I returned to my old travel places of Xuancheng and Jinling. For almost two years, he traveled between the two places, still relying on others to make a living. In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty, Li Bai, who was in his early sixties, returned to Jinling due to illness. In Jinling, his life was quite difficult, and he had no choice but to seek refuge with his uncle Li Yangbing, who was the county magistrate in Dangtu. In the third year of the Yuan Dynasty (762 AD), Li Bai was seriously ill. He gave the manuscript to Li Yangbing on his sickbed, composed the "Death Song" and passed away at the age of sixty-one. Regarding Li Bai's death, there have always been different opinions. Generally speaking, it can be summarized into three ways of death: one is death by drunkenness; the other is death by illness; the third is death by drowning. The first method of death is found in the "Old Book of Tang Dynasty", which states that Li Bai "died in Xuancheng due to excessive drinking"; the second method of death is also found in other official histories or research by experts and scholars. It is said that when Li Guangbi was in the east town of Linhuai, Li Bai ignored the 61-year-old age and went to ask for a tassel to kill the enemy after hearing the news. He hoped that in his twilight years, he would do his best to save the country from danger. He returned due to illness and died of illness in the next year. The magistrate of Dangtu County, Tang Dynasty The most famous seal calligrapher of the time, Li Yang Bingchu; the third way of death is often found in folklore, which is very romantic. It is said that Li Bai was drinking on the Dangtu River, jumped into the water to catch the moon due to drunkenness, and drowned, which is very consistent with the poet's character. . But no matter which way he died, it was directly related to his participation in Yongwang Li Lin's rebellion. Because Li Bai exiled Yelang, his legendary and troubled life ended soon after he was pardoned and returned.
Li Bai’s main works
Li Bai’s only surviving authentic work, "Tie to the Upper Balcony", is now in the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing.
Li Bai created a large number of poetry works throughout his life, more than 900 of which have been handed down to this day, mainly including "The Road to Shu is Difficult", "The Journey is Difficult", "About Drinking", "Thoughts on a Quiet Night", etc. There is "The Collection of Li Taibai". His poetry creation covers a wide range of themes of Chinese classical poetry, and there are famous works on many themes.
1. Main achievements
Poetry
Li Bai's best genres are seven-character lines and quatrains. Li Bai's seven-character song line adopts the structure of large opening and closing, jumping and swinging. The beginning of the poem is often abrupt, like a sudden surge, while the middle image of the poem changes suddenly, often omitting transitional references, and seems to have no trace.
The end of the poem often ends abruptly at the emotional climax.
Li Bai's five or seven character quatrains more represent the fresh and bright style of his poetry. For example, "Early Departure from Baidi City", "Farewell to Meng Haoran in Guangling", "Quiet Night Thoughts", etc., the wonderful thing is that "only the foreground and spoken words are seen, but there are overtones and external tastes, which make people feel far away." ("Shuo") "Poetry" (Part 1)
Some of the languages ????of Li Bai's poems are as fresh as spoken language, and some are bold and unrestrained, and are close to prose, but they are all unified in the meaning of "hibiscus emerges from clear water, and the natural carvings are removed" Among the natural beauty. This is related to his conscious pursuit of natural beauty. He inherited Chen Zi'ang's literary ideas and took it as his duty to restore the tradition of poetic poetry. He once said, "Since the Liang and Chen Dynasties, beauty has been extremely rare, but Shen Xiu's prose still relies on rhythm and will restore the Taoism. Who but me can do it?" (Meng Meng) (Follow "Poetry of Skills? Gao Yi") He advocated "innocence" and satirized the ugly girls who "lose their innocence" by imitating their frown and learning to walk in Handan. The natural beauty of his poetic language is the result of his careful study of folk songs to understand their popular characteristics. They are as clear as words, popular and vivid.
Ci
There is still no unanimous conclusion as to whether Li Bai composed Ci. However, the works that are now passed down as Li Bai’s Ci, regardless of their authenticity and whether they can be classified as Ci style, , there are about 20 poems, such as "Autumn Wind Ci", "Bamboo Branch Ci", "White Nose", "Knotting Socks", etc. In terms of its pioneering significance and artistic achievements, "Li Bai's Ci" enjoys an extremely high status in the history of Ci. This status is similar to the status of ancient Greek mythology in Western art. As an "unattainable" standard, Li Bai's poetry has become an eternal idol in people's minds. Li Bai made significant contributions to the formation of the textual model of Ci and the creation model of Ci.
In fact, since the "Flower Room Collection" of the Five Dynasties, all anthologies and collections of Tang and Song poetry will not forget Li Bai in their specific operations, and at least mention it in the preface and postscript; Other achievements As the first great lyricist in the history of literature, although he only has a few lyrics whose authorship is often doubted, no one has ever expressed any dissatisfaction or criticism against him. If the best poet in the world is selected, Li Bai will undoubtedly be elected as the "King of Ci" by unanimous vote.
Calligraphy
"Tie to the Balcony" is a four-character cursive poem written by Li Bai, and it is also his only authentic calligraphy handed down from generation to generation. Paper, length 28.5 cm, width 38.1 cm. 5 lines of cursive script, 25 words. The inscription is "Taibai". It is preceded by the four-character inscription "Qinglian Yihan" in regular script written by Hongli, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty, and the seven-character inscription "Li Taibai of the Tang Dynasty went to the balcony" in the upper right corner of the text in gold by Zhao Ji, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty.
Content
The mountains are high and the rivers are long, and there are thousands of objects. Without an old pen, a young and strong person can be poor.
On the 18th, I went to the balcony to read, Taibai.
The back paper contains inscriptions, postscripts and inscriptions by Zhao Ji, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, Zhang Yan, Du Ben, Ouyang Xuan, Wang Yuqing, Wei Su and Zou Lu of the Yuan Dynasty, and Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. The seals on the front and back of the volume include "Zigu" and "Yizhai" by Zhao Mengjian of the Song Dynasty, "Qiuhe Book" by Jia Sidao, "Zhang Yan's Private Seal" and "Ouyang Xuan Seal" of the Yuan Dynasty, and Xiang Yuanbian of the Ming Dynasty, Qingbiao, Anqi, and Nei of the Qing Dynasty. Mansion, seal collected by Zhang Boju and others in modern times.
Swordsmanship
Li Bai was not only brilliant in literary talent, but also very skilled in swordsmanship. He is "fifteen good at swordsmanship" and "has mastered swordsmanship by himself". His attainments are extraordinary. Li Bai's poetry, Pei Min's swordsmanship, and Zhang Xu's cursive calligraphy are collectively known as the "Three Wonders" of the Tang Dynasty. Although Li Bai's swordsmanship is not among the "Three Wonders", his swordsmanship is only lower than Pei Min, ranking second in the Tang Dynasty.
According to statistics, the word "Jian" appears 107 times in Li Bai's poems in "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty", excluding "Jiange" as a place name 3 times, "Jianbi" once, and the weapon "Jian" "There are still 103 times. "铓", which belongs to the sword, appears once, "Wu Gou" once, "Wu Hong" once, "Zhanlu" once, "ganjiang" once, "Moye" once, and "Qingping" twice , "Autumn Lotus" twice, "Frost Snow" twice, "Dagger" three times, and "Longquan" four times. In total, "sword" *** appeared 118 times (when counting, "Wu Gou Shuang Xue Ming", "Kong Yu Zhan Lu Sword", "Sword Flower Autumn Lotus Light Comes Out of the Box", "Clumsy Wife Mo Xie Sword", "I "Jia Qing Ping Sword" is counted once each), distributed in 106 poems, accounting for about 10 of the total number of poems. It can be seen how much Li Bai loves swords.
Taoism
Since Li Bai was a boy, he often went to Daitian Mountain to find Taoist priests from Taoist temples to talk about Taoism. Later, he lived in seclusion in Minshan Mountain with a hermit named Dong Yanzi and devoted himself to study. They raised many exotic birds and became animal breeders in the mountains and forests where they lived. These beautiful and docile birds, because they are used to being raised, fly here regularly to beg for food. They seem to understand people's language. With a call, they fly down from all directions and fall in front of the steps. They can even peck at grains from people's hands. Grain, not afraid at all. This incident was rumored as an anecdote, and eventually the governor of Mianzhou went to the mountains to watch the birds eating. Seeing that they could command the movements of birds, the governor thought that they had Tao skills, so he wanted to recommend them to take the Tao exam. However, both of them politely refused. Zhao Rui, a famous political strategist at that time, was also Li Bai's teacher. In the fourth year of Kaiyuan (716), he wrote ten volumes of "The Long and Short Classics". Li Bai was only fifteen years old at that time. Zhao Rui's strategist-style work studied the similarities and differences of the Six Classics, analyzed the world situation, and emphasized the rise and fall of chaos, which aroused Li Bai's great interest. In the future, he was determined to make great achievements and loved to talk about the ways of kings and dominators. It was also influenced by this book.
2. Poetry style
Bold and unrestrained, fresh and elegant, rich in imagination, wonderful artistic conception, wonderful language, romanticism, and clear intention.
Li Bai lived in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He had a heroic character and loved the mountains and rivers of his motherland. He traveled all over the north and south and wrote a large number of magnificent poems praising famous mountains and rivers.
His poems are bold and unrestrained, fresh and elegant, rich in imagination, wonderful in artistic conception, and brisk in language. People call him the "Poetic Immortal".
Li Bai’s poetry not only has the typical romantic spirit, but also has the typical romantic artistic characteristics from image creation, material intake, genre selection and the use of various artistic techniques.
Li Bai succeeded in shaping himself in the poem, expressing himself strongly and highlighting the unique personality of the lyrical protagonist. Therefore, his poems have distinctive romantic characteristics. He likes to use majestic images to express himself, and expresses his emotions unabashedly and without restraint in his poems, expressing his joy, anger, sorrow, and joy. To the powerful and powerful, he "held a chrysanthemum and laughed at two thousand stones" (one of the two poems "Send Cui Shiyu after Drunk"); when he saw the hard work of the working people, his "heart burst into tears like rain". When the country was overturned and people's livelihood was in ruins, he "crossed the river and swore to flow, aiming to clear the Central Plains. He drew his sword and struck the front pillar, and the tragic song was difficult to repeat" ("Nan Ben Shu Huai"), so impassioned; when drinking happily with friends, " The two drank together while the flowers bloomed in the mountains, one cup after another. I'm so drunk that I'm ready to go to sleep, but I'll come tomorrow with my piano in my arms." ("Drinking with a Hidden Man in the Mountains"), again so innocent and straightforward. In short, his poems vividly express his unrestrained character and suave image.
Boldness is the main feature of Li Bai's poetry. In addition to factors such as thought, personality, talents, emotions, experiences, and other factors, the artistic expression techniques and genre structure used in Li Bai's poems are also important reasons for the formation of his bold and elegant style. Being good at relying on imagination and expressing objectivity subjectively is an important feature of the romantic artistic technique of Li Bai's poetry. Almost every article contains imagination, and some even use a variety of imagination throughout the article. Real things, natural landscapes, myths and legends, historical allusions, and dreams and illusions have all become the medium of his imagination. Often with the help of imagination, transcending time and space, intertwining reality with dreams and fairyland, nature and human society, and recreating objective reality. The images he paints are not direct reflections of objective reality, but the externalization of his inner subjective world, the reality of art.
One of the romantic artistic techniques of Li Bai's poems is the clever combination of personification and metaphor, empathizing with things and comparing things to people.
Another romantic artistic technique of Li Bai's poetry is to seize a certain characteristic of things and add bold imagination and exaggeration based on the reality of life. His exaggeration is not only imaginative and strange, but also always combined with specific things. The exaggeration is so natural and invisible; so bold, yet true and believable, it plays the role of highlighting the image and strengthening the emotion. Sometimes he also combines bold exaggeration with sharp contrast to enhance the artistic effect by increasing the artistic contrast.
3. Ideological content
Praise ideals and express grief and indignation
In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the country was strong, and many scholars were eager to make contributions. Li Bai regarded himself as an unparalleled talent and promised to "exercise his wisdom and be willing to serve as an assistant to make the whole region settled and Hai County unified". He devoted his life to the pursuit of "Talking about Smiling An Liyuan" and "Li Yuan". The ideal of finally settling the country down. He compares himself with the big roc, the celestial horse, and the majestic sword: "The big roc rises with the wind in one day and soars ninety thousand miles. If the wind stops and comes down, it can still win the water." ("Li Yong"). He hopes to be like Jiang Shang in assisting Ming Jun and like Zhuge Liang in reviving the Han Dynasty. "Liang Fu Yin", "Reading Zhuge Wuhou's Biography and Expressing His Feelings", "Yong Wang's Eastern Patrol Song", and "The Journey Is Difficult" (Part 2) all reflect his thoughts of this kind.
Contempt the powerful and pursue freedom
He feels that with his talents, he can "become an equal to the princes when he goes out, and overlook the nest when he escapes" ("Send Yanzi Yuan Yanyin" "Xiancheng Mountain Preface"), he expressed strong contempt for those powerful and powerful people who enjoyed high positions and generous salaries based on their family status, showing an arrogant and unyielding character. He despised the feudal hierarchy, was unwilling to flatter people, and disdained to live up to the world. The darkness of reality disillusioned him, and the shackles of the feudal ethical hierarchy suffocated him. He longed for the freedom and liberation of his personality, so he adopted a wild and uninhibited attitude towards life to break free from the shackles and strive for freedom. His expressions include drinking and singing wildly, searching for immortals and learning Taoism. However, wine cannot relieve his sorrow, and the immortals are even more illusory, so he "enjoys traveling to famous mountains all his life" ("The Ballad of Mount Lu"), taking the beautiful nature as the sustenance of his ideals. , the embodiment of freedom to sing.
Emei, Huashan, Lushan, Taishan, Huangshan, etc. in his works are majestic and majestic, absorbing the wind and clouds, and converging with rivers; the rushing Yellow River and the surging Yangtze River in his works cleanse everything and sweep everything, showing the poet's unruly and unruly spirit. Character and strong desire to break through bonds.
Expose reality and criticize current politics
This is Li Bai's angry struggle against society and an important manifestation of his rebellious spirit. He opposed Xuanzong's ambition to achieve great results, resorted to military violence, and exposed the generals who were not his, causing the people and soldiers to die in vain. Due to Xuanzong's arrogance, the power of the eunuchs was extremely popular. Through the analysis of the political agenda and the on-the-spot observation in Youyan, Li Bai used the sensitivity of a poet to understand You Zhuwei, among the poets at that time, he and Du Fu were the first to reveal the coming disaster. The "Anshi Rebellion" broke out, and his patriotic enthusiasm was sublimated, and he got rid of the contradiction of hiding the source. His rebellious character and rebellious spirit have profound patriotic connotations and are full of social significance and characteristics of the times. Chapters 3, 15, 24, and 39 of "Ancient Style" all make profound revelations and powerful criticisms of social reality.
Emotional ups and downs, full of contradictions
He has both a noble and arrogant side, and a vulgar and humble side. His ideals and freedom can only go to mountains, forests, fairyland, and drunken countryside. To seek, so the negative and decadent thoughts of life as a dream, carpe diem, uniting all things, escaping reality and other negative and decadent thoughts are revealed in poems such as "Bringing in Wine", "Yin on the River", "Song of Xiangyang", etc., which are upright and aloof in the feudal society. It also has certain representation among literati.
People who have read "The Life and Deeds of Li Bai" also read:
1. Li Bai's famous poems
2. Li Ronghao's simplified musical notation of Li Bai
3. Entering Li Bai’s teaching design
4. Appreciation of Li Bai’s "Shangyun Yue" poem
5. Four essays on Li Bai’s college entrance examination materials