College students' period is a crucial period for the rapid development of human behavior, personality and intelligence. At this stage, due to the rapid changes in body and mind, coupled with the lack of cultural knowledge and social experience, we should strengthen the construction of students' mental health education. The following is a summary of college students' mental health cases that I have carefully compiled for you, hoping to help you!
Case analysis of college students' mental health 1 Not long ago, a news that a Peking University student was suspected of hacking his classmate to death shocked the public. Coupled with the frequent suicides among college students, people can't help asking: College students, why are you so fragile?
campus violence
extreme case
Not long ago, Cui, a junior in Peking University Medical School, was hacked to death with a sharp weapon. The scene of the incident was in the teaching building of the South District of Beijing Millennium Monument Hospital. Afterwards, a classmate of the deceased was taken away by the police. It is understood that both of them have pursued the same girl before and fought for some festivals. ...
Expert analysis
The emergence of campus violence is related to the social and cultural background. The pace of work and life is accelerating, and the overall speed of society is also accelerating. However, people's energy is limited, and the speed of keeping up with the pace of society is slow, which makes people feel impetuous and eager to succeed at once. Relatively speaking, the power of social moral restraint is weak. The destructive power accumulated by pressure from all sides is great. The fuse may be something that ordinary people look normal, but it is a big deal in his view. So when he feels hurt, he will be instinctively angry and attacked, but instead of venting in a socially recognized way, he is looking for an extreme behavior to vent, so he may have a violent tendency towards those who hurt him.
For teachers and students at school, it is necessary to strengthen psychological supervision, such as engaging in some activities that transform people's energy through normal channels. If both teachers and students have the concept of mental health, then they can find other people's problems early and help them alleviate them, so it is possible to avoid extreme behavior.
Decompression without surgery
extreme case
Peng Liang is a graduate student in the director department of the Film Academy. He is tall and handsome, but after several years, he has a pessimistic idea: to be a director, you need to be famous. How many directors are really famous? Moreover, his family is from other places, and it is really tiring to walk all the way from undergraduate to graduate. He has to coordinate all aspects of the relationship, and this pressure makes him breathless. Finally, he went through the formalities of quitting school. All the teachers and classmates in the school sympathize with him.
Expert analysis
The pressure that college students are facing now is too great, which leads to a big psychological gap, which is inseparable from the development of the whole society and the influence of the family. The first is the employment of college students and the expansion of university enrollment, which makes some students feel anxious about their employment after graduation when they go to school. In addition, ego and family set too high a goal for students' future. Some students have an idea of studying for their parents, thinking about how to repay their parents in the future, and some students set an unrealistic goal for themselves, and the final result may have a great psychological gap. This requires students to find their own position correctly and evaluate and know themselves correctly. In any case, contentment is an unchangeable law. In addition, don't aim too high, but go your own way step by step.
Sexual confusion
extreme case
Fan Xiao and Xiao Lu are members of the "husband and wife tribe" in colleges and universities. They rented a house near the campus and lived together. In an interview with reporters, the two admitted that neither side has a clear idea about the future, and they just live together to "warm each other."
A recent survey of college students shows that among the students surveyed, 13% admitted to having sex during college.
Expert analysis
Under the modern education system, teenagers' "knowledge, emotion and intention" are unbalanced. Maybe I have higher IQ and lower EQ, so I have weaker willpower and can't manage myself well. Then if one aspect of the body is not satisfied, there will be a lack of demand and it will be met through various channels. Serious exposure may cause a child's psychology. This is because under certain pressure, people will avoid retirement and return to their children's psychological stage, so they will have such behavior. However, this is an extreme performance. Most students have sexual desire and anxiety, which just shows that sex education lacks certain guidance. For most students, they are full of desire for sex, but they don't really know much. Some couples fall out because of whether they need to have sex, which deeply puzzles college students now. Students may not have a strong consciousness, that is, love and sex are not only a psychological and physical experience and feeling, but also a serious responsibility problem behind them. These are inevitable, so for students, it is an important part of college students' mental health to treat sexual problems healthily and scientifically, understand sexual problems, think rationally and restrain their behavior.
Depressive mood
extreme case
Xiaolin was admitted to a key university in Beijing with the first place in the local area. At the end of the first semester, she didn't get a scholarship. From then on, her mood plummeted, she became depressed, unwilling to study, unable to deal with interpersonal relationships with her classmates, and suffered from insomnia all night. Finally, she had to go to the hospital for a psychiatric examination, and as a result, she got depression.
Expert analysis
According to a recent sample survey of depression among college students, the incidence of depressive disorder among college students is 23.66%. According to this calculation, there are no fewer than 654.38+10,000 college students suffering from depression in Beijing.
There are many depression phenomena among college students. The main reason is that self-worth has not been well reflected and some self-denial has been done. Generally, such students are depressed and unstable, don't care about people, and have no interest in doing things. After a long time, it is easy to cause psychological and emotional accumulation, which will definitely affect their study and life, and even lead to depression in severe cases. If you don't find a normal channel to vent, you may be addicted to something you think is right, such as the internet. This requires people around you to pay attention to them and give them warmth. College students who have this kind of emotion in their lives should also have heart-to-heart talk and communication with friends around them to release the pressure, so as to relieve these symptoms and return to normal.
suicidal tendency
extreme case
On May 7th, 2005, at around 9: 0010, a man in Building 2 of Science Department of Peking University fell from the top of the ninth floor and landed in the northwest corner of the courtyard at the bottom of the building. And 15 days ago, a girl from Peking University jumped to her death. ...
Expert analysis
Suicide is an extreme behavior for many reasons. Nowadays, the pressure of college students is much greater than before, so they want to find various ways to relieve the pressure, such as dancing, surfing the Internet, making friends and so on. However, if there is no good channel to alleviate the negative thoughts that may lead to failure in life, it may also be that the traces of previous failures and the traces of current failures have caused a * * * vibration, which makes such a force expand geometrically, and finally puts such an emotion at a point. It can be said that the greater the power of anger, the greater the power to suppress anger, and the greater the power to vent anger at last. Then at a certain time, this kind of power will also act on yourself, and suicide will become your own need. There is also a gap between goals and their own abilities. Without a correct understanding of yourself and a correct attitude, negative attitudes have been accumulating, and finally you may completely deny yourself and take suicide as the way out. Now many students are only children. They have never suffered setbacks since childhood, and they will choose to escape in the face of pressure. This is also a very dangerous mentality.
Emotional distress
extreme case
Some time ago, a "rent yourself" post appeared on the forum of a well-known website in Dalian, which attracted the attention of many netizens. The post said, "I want to rent myself out, as long as it doesn't violate the requirements of the law, I am considering it!" " Accompany shopping, accompany eating ... the price will be discussed later. "The poster claimed to be a 22-year-old college student who just came back from New Zealand and" rented himself out "just because it was" too boring ".
Expert analysis
A considerable number of college students are in an immature state, relying on the impulse of adolescence to see everything beautifully. They lack frustration training and their psychological endurance is too weak. In addition, in college, there may be an invisible comparison between students. For example, people in the same dormitory all have boyfriends, but they don't, which may cause psychological gap, emotional instability and emptiness. Others, once lovelorn, are miserable and unable to return to normal life and study, as if they can't live without their lover.
True love is independent. When college students fall in love, they should put themselves in a proper position and control their emotions properly. Even if love fails, they can only say that it is not necessarily the best for each other. Moreover, they can learn from failed love and learn how to communicate with the opposite sex.
Visiting experts
Jian Xiao, Vice President of China Society of Social Psychology and Professor of Psychology Department of Peking University.
Expert Wang, Director of Social Life Mental Health Consultation Service Center
Liu Ming, director of Dongming Successful Life Psychological Counseling Center
Ten Standards of College Students' Mental Health
Have a positive and optimistic attitude towards life.
Take an active part in collective life
burst with vitality
have a quick mind
emotional stability
Be broad-minded and know how to give up.
"Unity of knowing and doing" in behavior
Have effective behavior ability.
Good relationship
Be good at self-management, arrange and control your life and emotions reasonably.
Suicide psychology of college students
Suicide refers to the behavior that the subject intentionally or voluntarily takes various means to end his life. The reasons for suicide are very complicated, but no matter what causes suicide, there is a psychological mechanism behind it. Social factors, biological factors and pathological factors can only play a role by influencing people's psychological factors. It should not be ignored that although college students' suicidal behavior obeys the general psychological law of suicide, it also has its particularity, which is determined by the psychological characteristics of college students.
The psychological process of suicide can be roughly divided into three stages:
The first stage, the formation of suicide motive. In order to escape from reality, some students take suicide as a means to seek relief when encountering setbacks or blows. For example, in the case investigated, a college student, because of his poor self-care ability, could not adapt to college life, so his grades plummeted and he felt that life was meaningless, so he decided to commit suicide and seek relief. There is a case that people who committed suicide in suicided used it as remorse and punishment for doing something wrong and as compensation for self-guilt. For example, when a college student was in middle school, his grades were always among the best in his class. After he entered the university, his study methods were incorrect and his grades were always poor. He felt sorry for his parents and villagers and committed suicide under a strong sense of self-blame. In addition, some people take suicide as a means of revenge, which makes the people concerned feel guilty, regretful and uneasy. For example, if a college student's parents divorce and neglect his study and life, it will bring great psychological trauma to the student. After several setbacks in study and life, the student was desperate and thought of suicide to get back at his parents.
The second stage, psychological conflict. After the suicide motive comes into being, the instinct of survival may make the suicidal person fall into a contradiction between life and death, and it is difficult to finally make a suicide decision. At this time, suicides often talk about suicide-related topics, predict and imply suicide, or threaten others with suicide, thus showing direct or indirect suicidal intentions. In fact, we can be seen as a signal that a suicide seeks help or attracts others' attention. At this time, if we can get the attention of others in time, or find a solution to the problem with the help of others, the attempt to commit suicide is likely to be alleviated or dispelled. This is also the psychological basis of suicide prevention and rescue. People around us often think that people who often shout about suicide will not actually commit suicide, so they don't pay much attention to the signals sent by those who want to commit suicide, thus losing the opportunity to help.
The third stage, suicide cooling stage. Suicide seems to be free from troubles, no longer talking about or suggesting suicide, mood improvement, depression relief, seems to be calm. In this way, people around him really think that his mental state has improved, thus relaxing their vigilance. However, this is often a manifestation of a firm attitude towards suicide, and of course it is not completely excluded that it is a manifestation of the improvement of the psychological state of suicides. Because at this stage, the suicide thinks that he has found a solution to the problem and no longer worries about the choice between life and death. Therefore, they no longer talk about or imply suicide, and even behave calmly in all aspects. The purpose may be to get rid of the obstacles and interventions of others on his suicidal behavior.
College students' suicide also conforms to the above psychological process. In the case we investigated, there is such a case: Li Xxx, a junior in a university in Changsha, was the "top student" in his class in middle school. After he entered the university, he always thought that his grades could not meet his expectations, so he was immersed in self-pity. In addition, he is accustomed to the naked life, and his ability to live independently is poor, so that he can't take care of himself after entering the university, and his physical condition declines. During this period, he was extremely depressed and even refused to receive treatment. He once talked about suicide to nurses and visiting classmates, saying things like "I have no hope" and "I really want to die". Doctors, teachers and classmates paid little attention to this, but comforted him. Later, the student's mood gradually improved, and he even joked with the students who came to visit. Everyone thought he was really in a good mood. One day, however, he slipped out of the ward when no one was around, and ended his young life with a thick hemp rope on a tree behind the hospital at the age of 19. From this suicide case, we can clearly see that there were three reasons for his suicide at first: unsatisfactory grades, poor adaptability to life and physical illness. These three factors appear on this classmate at the same time or one after another, which makes him feel desperate about life. Later, he tried to get help from others by refusing treatment and talking about suicide, but this attempt failed again, which strengthened his determination to commit suicide and eventually led to tragedy.
College students are a special group. On the one hand, their body and mind are in adolescence; On the other hand, mental work is their main way of activity, and the frequency and complexity of using their brains affect their psychological changes and development. In addition, their inner world is relatively complex, and their psychological realm, needs, thoughts and values are different. These characteristics make the suicide behavior of college students show a different regularity from that of ordinary individuals. Therefore, when we study college students' suicide, we should start with the psychological mechanism of college students' suicide.
Psychological analysis of college students' suicide
College students belong to youth. They also have the psychological characteristics of youth and the psychological problems they may face in their youth. From the perspective of developmental psychology, the biggest psychological problems faced by individuals in youth can be summed up in two points, namely personality adaptation and emotional control. In adolescence, on the one hand, the requirement of socialization and the development of self-awareness urge individuals to collide with society constantly, resulting in a series of contradictions, such as the contradiction between study, work and love, the contradiction between ideal self and realistic self, and so on. Whether these contradictions can be effectively solved determines whether the individual can successfully realize the good development of personality. On the other hand, the growing demand for maturity makes young individuals in a state of "great storms". Japanese psychologist Yoshida Shinji pointed out: "Young people are in the middle world between children and adults, so their hearts are shaken, and their emotional tension is generally high, which is easy to cause a strong emotional response to a small stimulus: they fall into the grief of being defeated for a while, and they are arrogant because of hope for a while; At that time, I bowed my head because of depression. Such emotional instability is a feature of youth psychology. " Whether this bipolar emotion can be adjusted is also one of the conditions for an individual to successfully spend adolescence. In the 35 cases of college students' suicide that we investigated, almost every suicide has different degrees of personality disorder and emotional disorder, and these two factors play a primary role in the causes of their suicide. It should be pointed out that compared with ordinary individual youth, college students have a strong sense of self.
Case analysis of college students' mental health Chapter II Among college students, everyone has different economic conditions. For urban students with well-off families, there is no need to worry about the cost of going to college, but for those poor students from rural areas, they often feel inferior in the face of the dilemma of being inferior everywhere. Let's look at a case of college students' inferiority complex.
Cases of college students' inferiority complex:
Wu Mou, male, a sophomore in a key university. I have always felt inferior since I entered the university. My parents are farmers and my family is very poor. In the past, because middle school students ranked among the best, they were highly valued by teachers and classmates, so they seemed to ignore the poverty and commonness at home. In order to send him to college, his family was heavily in debt. After entering university, I borrowed a lot of money to cover up my poverty and mediocrity. I thought that when I arrived in Shanghai, there would be many opportunities to subsidize myself by working, but it was actually very difficult. I have tried many ways to improve my quality (such as joining clubs, reading books, watching exhibitions, taking exams for certificates and so on). ), but after the implementation, I often give up halfway, feeling that I can't get rid of poverty, get out of the bottom of society, have a good future, honor my ancestors, and even find a girlfriend and get married in Shanghai.
Case study:
Visitors' problems belong to inferiority complex accompanied with adaptation disorder. Because of his outstanding achievements before college, he has always been concerned and valued, which has fully satisfied him psychologically, thus ignoring the poverty and ordinary family. After entering the university, on the one hand, it is no longer as concerned as before and loses the original foundation of psychological satisfaction. This made him realize for the first time the gap between the poverty in his family and the people around him. He exaggerated the gap and tried to cover up his poverty by borrowing money. At the same time, he had a wrong estimate of his life in Shanghai before. After changing to a new environment, he found that he was not as idealistic as he thought, and subsidized his life by working, which caused obstacles to his adaptation and caused frustration. In addition, we can't correctly understand the relationship between poverty and success, which leads to one-sided view of our future, decreased willpower and inferiority complex.
Inferiority is the soil and self-confidence is the crop.
Before discussing self-confidence, tell an Osho fable. It is said that one day, the extremely clever Nasrudin came to Osho and said with great excitement, "Come and help me!" " "Osho asked," what happened? Nasrudin said: "I feel terrible. I suddenly became insecure. Oh, my God! What should I do? " Osho said, "You have always been a very confident person. What happened to make you so insecure? Nasrudin said very sadly, "I found that everyone is as good as me! " "
People who look confident are often insecure. If so, confident people may be those who are not so confident. People who are modest and patient everywhere are more like guys with firm hearts.
Case analysis of college students' mental health 3. First, the basic situation of the parties
Yu Mou, female, 22 years old, a third-year college student. My father is a dentist and my mother is the sales director of a manufacturing company. My early life was carefree, my family was relatively superior, my family education was strict, and I was very demanding of myself. Introverted personality, cautious behavior, sensitive and suspicious personality, strong sense of self-protection and psychological defense, read some psychological books and periodicals.
Second, personal narrative and symptoms
The client's mother often educates her to form a good habit of loving cleanliness and hygiene from an early age, and asks her to wash her hands once, twice and three times after coming home from school, and also asks her to disinfect the study pen every week. Influenced by his mother, the client is very sensitive to the concept of "bacteria" and always associates bacteria with "disease" and "filth". I am particularly afraid of "dirty" things in my life and suspect that there are bacteria. It usually takes a long time to wash your face. I always feel that there are bacteria in the washbasin, so I must wash it slowly and carefully. Wash your hands more than 20 times every time, and wash them again if you are short. Always be careful when putting clothes at night, and sometimes put them several times repeatedly, otherwise you will feel that there are bacteria on them, which is very uncomfortable. Dressing in the morning is the same. Sometimes when you put it on and feel that it doesn't meet your requirements, you have to take it off and put it on again, even many times. In communicating with others, I dare not touch others, and I suspect that the bacteria on others will infect her. Even at school, I spend 1 hour walking every day to avoid contact with others on the bus. Even a little uncleanness in the room will make her feel very uncomfortable. She always forces herself to do some cleaning work, otherwise she will feel uneasy and empty. In the end, this cleaning work has become an irreplaceable and important part of her life.
Third, diagnosis and psychological analysis.
According to the symptoms of the client, her psychological disorder was diagnosed as "impurity phobia" or "cleanliness phobia", which is a manifestation of high anxiety phobia. Its symptoms are as follows: patients will have persistent tension, unwarranted anxiety and fear about all unclean objects or situations, and appear avoidance reaction; The patient knows that the object or scene is not threatening and the reaction is unreasonable, but it can't be controlled, and it is often accompanied by compulsive behavior and ritual movements. Perfectionism, timidity, cautious introversion and strong dependence are the important internal conditions of the disease. The compulsive behavior and ritual actions of impurity phobia patients are the result of conditioning in the process of adapting to the environment, and they are adaptive responses made in certain stress situations. Because this kind of reaction can objectively alleviate the anxiety of the parties, it also plays a negative reinforcement role and eventually develops into a part of their learned behavior.
Four. Pathogenic condition analysis
(1) pathogen information
Xiaoyu's mother was very strict with her when she was a child. Everything related to Xiaoyu, whether it's her body and clothes, or her bed and table, will be scolded endlessly by Aiwang's mother, instead of ordering Xiaoyu to clean up immediately. Over time, Xiao Yu has developed a morbid fear of mess. Once she saw where it was a little messy, she immediately thought of her mother's harsh face and harsh language, which led to psychological tension. So gradually, like her mother, she can't tolerate that she and her surroundings are a little dirty, even if it is nothing in the eyes of others.
Xiaoyu's father is a doctor, and patients often see a doctor at home. A patient came home to find Xiaoyu's father. He was not at home. She found Xiaoyu's room and sat on the bed. Later, although her father told her that the patient was not infected with infectious diseases, Xiaoyu was still very sensitive and afraid of the doorknob she touched and the chair she sat on. From then on, she was very afraid of everything related to the disease. In the summer vacation of my freshman year, I rented a house off campus, shared it with a friend and worked as a tutor. My friend's girlfriend came to play and lay in Xiaoyu's bed for a while, but she felt that the girl was unclean and there would be sexually transmitted diseases and so on. I washed the sheets the next day, several times. From then on, try not to associate with this friend, and start to pay special attention to whether others are clean.
Cognitive understanding
Guiding the parties to analyze the pathogenic conditions, especially the conditions for the first appearance of symptoms, is the basis for promoting the cognitive understanding of the parties. The client knows that most bacteria are not contagious and will not pose a real threat to himself, but he still has fear and avoidance reaction, which shows that the client is not afraid of germs or running away from them. So, what are the customers really afraid of? What is she running from? It is very necessary to help visitors find and understand the horror complex, and it is also the key for visitors to overcome psychological barriers.
(3) Analysis
First of all, the client's phobia of impurity may be caused by his life experience, that is, his background and family environment. Xiaoyu's parents, especially his mother, are often neat addicts and have extraordinary needs for their children's cleanliness.
Secondly, the compulsory cleaning behavior shown by the parties may be a compensatory behavior. The so-called compensatory behavior is a way for people to obtain alternative satisfaction through a certain psychological desire when it is not satisfied. Xiaoyu's parents can't always take care of Xiaoyu's daily life because of their work relationship, and care about her physiological and psychological changes during her growth. Xiaoyu often does nothing at home alone. So, when she was at home, she washed and washed repeatedly, looking in the mirror and smelling her hands for a while. She always felt that it was not clean enough, so she wiped and washed it. Obviously, behind Xiaoyu's compulsive cleaning behavior is an unsatisfied psychological desire. She tried to improve her attention through external cleaning and satisfy her strong psychological need to be loved.
In addition, the loss of Xiao Yu's sense of world identity and the distortion of his sense of self-determination often lead to his insistence on the outside world and himself, resulting in the demand for absolute certainty, perfectionism and absolute security. When this unreasonable psychological demand is not satisfied, he will feel anxious and panic, and he must do something to comfort himself, thus becoming an important internal condition for the onset of impurity phobia. It can be seen that the compulsive behavior and ritual behavior of the parties are only means rather than ends, and their purpose is to escape and meet their morbid psychological needs, which is mainly related to their obsessive personality maladjustment.
Five, several main psychological intervention measures taken in the process of consultation and treatment.
1, cognitive understanding therapy using psychoanalysis.
Through explanation, the client can understand the cognitive changes, and the symptoms can be alleviated or disappeared, so that the client can realize that his terrorist reaction to impurity is the result of his compulsive personality's bad adaptation to reality, and it is a self-defense reaction to anxiety. The horrible evasive reaction, compulsive behavior and ritual action of the parties to the unclean concept are a kind of naive evasive behavior, which further urges the parties to bravely face and actively solve the problems they face and never escape.
2. Using systematic desensitization technology and thinking blocking technology of behavioral therapy.
First, a detailed behavior training plan was provided for the patients, which was recognized by the patients. The plan mainly includes three contents: 4 weeks exposure training; 4 weeks of reaction prevention training; Requirements for homework and self-management content. In the operation of exposure therapy, systematic desensitization technology is mainly used: let patients accept the reality of "dirty hands", put a piece of gauze with "bacteria" on their hands, require exposure for 1 hour, forbid washing hands during the period when patients are anxious, and require patients to report their anxiety feelings 1 time every1minute until patients no longer have obvious anxiety. In addition to exposure training, thinking blocking technology is also used. In the process of receiving 1 hour exposure therapy, the parties often have a strong anxiety experience because of relationship association. At this time, the main function of using thinking blocking technology is blocking.
The relationship association of the parties can alleviate anxiety and prolong the exposure time. The specific operation is to guide the client to use the "Enter" principle of the computer keyboard to carry out "Enter" training, and ask the client to stop the current relationship association and give the stimulus variables again, so as to produce new selection behaviors, establish new reaction modes and change their own experiences and feelings. At the same time, the parties are also encouraged to apply this kind of "exposure" training and "carriage return" training to daily life and strengthen self-management.
3. Using the technology of "ABC mode of emotional cognition" of rational emotional therapy.
First of all, help the parties to eliminate the original unreasonable concept and establish a reasonable and rational concept. As follows: consciousness can't determine matter, so it's better to face it bravely than to disturb others; Attitude affects behavior. It is better to let nature take its course and bear the "disaster" calmly than to force yourself. Action changes feelings, rather than paying attention to symptoms, it is better to take the initiative and take positive actions.
Secondly, in order to facilitate the parties to better implement the therapeutic principle of "let nature take its course and do what it can" in the process of self-management, the "ABC mode of emotional cognition" technology of reasonable emotional therapy is used to make the parties further realize that terrorist events may not necessarily produce terrorist reactions, and their attitude towards terrorist events will affect their subjective experience; Avoidance reaction is not caused by anxiety and terror, but the avoidance behavior (attitude) of the parties aggravates their feelings of terror and anxiety. If the parties change their attitude towards terrorist incidents and stop escaping, then nothing terrible will happen as a result. Although they are uncomfortable, they can still overcome themselves. After many exercises, their self-confidence will gradually increase.
Evaluation of consulting effect of intransitive verbs
After 1 month of face-to-face treatment, the anxiety and terror of the parties were obviously alleviated. From the second month, face-to-face instruction was changed to weekly 1 time, and the consultation contents were mainly personality counseling, homework and self-management guidance. After 3 months, the terror, compulsion and ritual actions of the parties basically disappeared. After a semester of follow-up, the client has completely returned to normal and is in good condition.
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