China people have a special feeling for the Water Margin, which includes the joy of "eating big pieces of meat and drinking in a big bowl" in the early stage and the anger of working hard for the court in the later stage. As the saying goes, "Don't look at the water margin, don't look at the Three Kingdoms", which is quite reasonable. The exposure of the characters in Water Margin and the stories behind the scenes have greatly deepened people's understanding of Water Margin.
Bao Pengshan of Shanghai Radio and TV University's book "The New Theory of Water Margin in Bao Pengshan" is fundamentally a "biography of heroes". The real hero in the book embodies the masculinity and heroism of our nation. Their behavior and character show the blood and anger of our nation. In the eyes of the public, Lin Chong is the coach of Wu Ying's 800,000 imperial troops. However, in Bao Pengshan's works, Shi Naian, the author of Water Margin, only portrayed Lin Chong as a docile subject in the tyrant era. Song Wu killed a tiger and was firmly remembered by people; Li Kui jy killed four tigers, but he was not deeply impressed. Why? Bao Pengshan thinks that Song Wu's description of killing tigers is calm and natural and unrestrained, which is a heroic gesture and the fundamental reason why Song Wu is different from other heroes in Shanzhai. People don't want perfection, they just want chic, but Song Wu has proved this again and again.
After 1980s, Xi Guangwei's book "The Water Margin Code: Decrypting One Hundred Orders and Eight Generals" deeply analyzed and expounded the representative figures from a brand-new angle, which made people have a brand-new impression on the heroes of the Water Margin. Among the Liangshan heroes 108, 33 of them worked in governments at all levels in the Song Dynasty. There are 25 "underworld" figures who occupy the mountain as the king; Landlord and rich peasants 10; 9 private self-employed bosses; 8 people fishing and working; 6 people who eat technical meals; The thief touched three people; Others 14 people. It is not difficult to see that the background of "civil servants" and "underworld" occupies half of Liangshan Group and plays a decisive role in its development and trend. Different backgrounds determine different outlook on life, and Liangshan Group's differences in wooing An are mainly due to different backgrounds.
The Water Margin Jianghu by the famous scholar Wang Xuetai is another interpretation of society. His book holds that "if you don't understand the Water Margin, you won't understand the vagrant culture;" If you don't know the Jianghu, you won't know the hidden society. "The Water Margin is a textbook for Jianghu people and people's lives. The words "hero" and "loyalty" have influenced people's spiritual world until today. Take Song Jiang as an example. He is a kind of "small official". He left as an official for three years at most, but the official in the yamen will never change. These people are not well paid and have to support a family. The only way is to try every means to exploit the common people and take the road of "black and white". Jiang, where did you get so much money? It is inseparable from the "police bandit family". There are three kinds of characters in the water margin, one is the county official; One is an official, one is poor, and the other is a servant; The other is the mountain king. 80% to 90% of 108 people.
From a modern perspective, Liangshan is a big interest group. Is in the constant competition, the big fish eat small fish in the process of development. There are intrigues and flattery, and all kinds of moral and immoral means are used to mobilize all kinds of survival wisdom. To sum up, these subtext in the book, interpreting the Water Margin, give people another kind of peace and relief in mind, reach the highest aesthetic realm of life, and make you get rid of the whirlpool of secular prejudice and get different enlightenment and gains.
Letters from Fu Lei is an excerpt from the letters that Fu Lei and his wife wrote to their children Fu Cong and Fu Min during the period of 1954- 1966. This book is an excellent reading for teenagers' ideological accomplishment, a classic model of quality education and a masterpiece of teaching children full of father's love. Their two children (piano master Fu Cong and Fu Min, a special English teacher) are the successful embodiment of their educational concept of cultivating independent thinking and teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. Therefore, Fu Lei and his wife became the model of China's parents.
The following are the reading notes of Fu Lei's family for reference only:
First, Fu Lei loves his son deeply.
"Dear child, the day after you left, you want to write a letter, for fear that you will feel bored, that's all. But I miss you every day and wake up at six or seven every morning. I can't sleep over and over again, and I can't tell why. It seems that Christophe's mother stayed at home alone and remembered the images of the children's childhood scenes. Your mother and I always think of your little story between the ages of 23 and 67. "
The above passage is taken from a letter written by Fu Lei to his son Fu Cong. From the above statement, it can be seen between the lines that Fu Lei loves his son deeply. For my grown-up son, I hope he will thrive and develop outward, but I can't bear to let the child stay away from him. In fact, parents are like this. From conception in August to delivery in 10, parents worked hard to raise their children step by step in order to hope that their children would be useful in the future and would not sleep on the streets. However, when children become talents, it is also time to leave the eaves and fly alone. As parents, we are both happy and sad for them. After all, it is flesh and blood. As we should appreciate and understand the hard work of our parents, let them see what they want to see-our happy life is also a reward for their painstaking upbringing.
Second, Fu Lei encouraged his son.
"As far as playing is concerned, I think it is generally good and full of energy. The delicate place is very delicate. Tonecolour has really changed a lot. We are all very happy and moved. Good boy, I really should give you some compliments. Looking back 195 1 when you first returned to Shanghai from Kunming in April, you really walked halfway up the mountain from the low-lying land. I hope that you will pay attention to the whole cultivation from now on, and you will definitely reach the top in the future. "
This is Mr. Fu Lei's evaluation of his son Fu Cong after listening to his recording. This includes teacher Fu's record, careful analysis and objective appreciation of his son. Later I mentioned my hope for my son. This is the way parents educate their children. It is necessary to show their affirmation of children, so that children have the determination to work hard and the confidence to succeed. On the other hand, I also put forward my own hopes and pointed out the direction of progress and development for the children. As children, we should also learn from our parents' experience, learn from each other's strengths, and open up our own new path on the road guided by our parents.
Third, Fu Lei's charge.
"In the public * * * group, catching up on tasks will inevitably hinder normal study, which I expected. Everything can only be won by ourselves with a firm will and position, and we can be gentle and powerful to the leaders. How much can I prepare for going abroad? -especially in music, I have been uneasy. From now on, everywhere depends on your personal perseverance, belief and will-the will to practice. "
Although parents have a thousand words of advice, they can't let go. As a parent, my son has mixed feelings about how to deal with the changing society. With his own experience, remind his son to take less complaints and take more shortcuts. This is the idea of parents all over the world. Children are the continuation of parents' lives and the hope of holding up the sun in their hearts. Parents should take fewer detours and don't want their children to repeat the same mistakes. I hope they can "go up a storey still higher" than themselves. Adolescence should let go of rebellious psychology, listen to parents' lessons and understand their pains. In fact, this is also for our own good, so that our future life can be more relaxed and happy.
Fourth, mother's concern.
"I hope you put all your energy into the study of knowledge, with more reason and less emotion. Of course, you need to rely on your strong confidence to control all your troubles. This is not an easy task, but it must be overcome. I have never been involved in any opinions about your emotional problems. I think you are making progress in all aspects. You are a smart man, you will realize it yourself. Since I am your mother and we are flesh and blood, we have to nag and persuade. "
It should be said that mother is cautious. The father has good intentions for his son's future, while the mother starts from the most delicate place-the son's emotional problems, giving him a clear direction. Tell him how to deal with his feelings and career, and let his son understand the key points. We should also learn from Fu Lei's wife. We should understand our priorities, our tasks, our road and direction, what we should and should not do, and grasp the direction. This will contribute to our success.
V. Fu Lei loves his son.
"Son, I tease you, I will always be sorry for you, and I will never make amends! These thoughts have never left my mind all day, but I dare not tell your mother that if you do something wrong in your life, your conscience will never be at peace! Really, Balzac said it well: some sins can only be redeemed and cannot be washed away! "
On the occasion of parting, father Fu Lei blamed himself for being strict with his son and being "cruel". It turned out to be my own fault. Well, in fact, this is the love for my son! If you don't work hard when you are young, your boss will be sad! When his son was young, Mr. Fu Lei was strict and meticulous with his son, and "cruelly abused" his son Fu Cong. Sounds like a joke. Where would a father abuse his own flesh and blood? As the saying goes, a stick makes a dutiful son, and Mr. Fu Lei uses strict father to make a gifted scholar. When our parents are "violent" to us, we should have an understanding attitude and understand our parents' anxiety. Because they did it for us, and they hated iron for not turning into steel. After all, parents have the desire to make their children successful and their daughters successful!
Sixth, summarize the image of Fu Lei.
Reading the whole article is just like talking to teacher Fu Lei. One vivid image of Fu Lei is displayed in front of me, as if Fu Lei is my father, inculcating me. What impressed Mr. Fu Lei most was that he loved his son deeply and disciplined him well. I have read "Affirm Yourself" written by Liu Yong before, which is also a warning to my son. The lines between the lines reflect Liu Yong's love for his son. Both books show love and discipline for their sons. But they are essentially different. Letters from Fu Lei tells us how to grasp our own mentality and how to improve our studies and careers, while Affirming Yourself tells us more about an open mind and an independent concept.
When I came into contact with Fu Lei's Letters from Fu Lei, I realized that this was China's traditional but advanced thought. I appreciate the learning methods that Mr. Fu Lei told my son, but I don't like the way that Mr. Fu Lei vented his feelings for his son. Compared with Liu Yong, Mr. Fu is more reserved and conservative.
From the book, I realized the painstaking care of my parents. They strive to create a good learning environment for me, let me study in a comfortable place, and strive to create a good living environment for the future and live a life without food and clothing. They have worked hard! And we still don't understand the truth. The rebellious mentality is getting stronger every day, ignoring parents' difficulties and going its own way. In fact, we are the last to lose! Without talent and level, how can we face the increasingly fierce social competition in the future?
I think we should understand our parents' pains, study hard and repay our parents!
About the author of Bacon's Essays: Francis Bacon (156 1 ~ 1626) was the most important essayist and philosopher in the English Renaissance. He not only made many achievements in literature and philosophy, but also made great achievements in the field of natural science. Bacon is a noble child who has experienced many hardships. The complicated and changeable life experience has enriched his experience, and at the same time, his thoughts are mature, his words are profound and his philosophy is rich. New Tools is one of Bacon's major philosophical works, which was first published in 1620. Bacon planned to write a big book called "Great Rejuvenation", which was divided into six parts, and "New Tools" was the second book, but it was not completed. Fifty-eight essays cover all aspects of human life. Simple language, beautiful writing, thorough reasoning and repeated epigrams have been deeply loved by readers all over the world for hundreds of years. Bacon is knowledgeable and familiar with the world. All the questions he talks about are thought-provoking and unique. The Essays of Bacon was written by Francis Bacon, a famous British thinker, politician and empiricist philosopher in the 7th century. This book is divided into several essays, such as knowledge, beauty, goodness, truth, health, family and friendship. Excerpts from good sentences and paragraphs: 1. Knowledge is power. 2. People who only know a little philosophy will lead to atheism. However, a deep understanding of philosophy will bring people back to religion. Category: Life 3. An alert and cautious person is bound to have good luck. Category: Life 4. No truly great person (whether ancient or modern, as long as their fame is forever engraved in human memory) is crazy about love: because great causes suppress such weak feelings. Category: Career 5. Etiquette is noble only if it is natural. If it is too artificial on the surface, it will lose its due value. Category: Slim 6. Reading history makes people wise, reading poems makes people witty, mathematics makes people careful, science makes people deep, ethics makes people grave, logic and rhetoric make people eloquent, and all they have learned become characters. Category: Science 7. Rich words are like sparkling beads. What is really smart and wise is short words. Category: Morality 8. The supreme part of beauty cannot be described with colored pens. Category: Life 9. Generally speaking, young people are more intuitive and old people are more thoughtful. Category: Young people's thoughts after reading: knowledge is power "is a sentence that everyone must be familiar with." She's from Francis? The mouth of bacon. As a philosopher, writer, judge and politician in 16- 17 century, Bacon has gained insight into the road of philosophical ethics from his unique perspective. Condensed into a thin collection of bacon essays. Although there is only a thin layer, you can taste a variety of flavors from it. It is a teaching material for making friends, and it is also an ideological enjoyment. Among many essays, the one I appreciate most is about adversity. " The luck brought by prosperity is valuable, but the quality created by adversity is more convincing. The virtue of prosperity is self-discipline, and the virtue of adversity is perseverance. "This is my favorite two sentences in the whole film. It can be said that this is the essence of the whole article. From these two sentences or the whole article, we can see a bacon who constantly strengthens himself and brings me a lot of enlightenment. Encountering adversity can be understood as the misfortune of life, because it brings us difficulties, setbacks and pains; Adversity can also be understood as luck in life, because it gives us opportunities to exercise, test people's will and hone their minds. It can be said that the tempering of formal adversity has created a group of great figures in history. This reminds me of the filament invented by Edison. One, two, hundreds, thousands, faced with many failed materials, he did not choose to give up. This indomitable spirit in adversity has enabled mankind to enter a bright world. Galileo insisted on "but the earth is still turning" regardless of the persecution of the church. He defended the truth with his own life, and we saw the brilliance of his humanity in adversity. It is people's different performances in adversity that determine their own destiny. Negative people, in the face of adversity, have to sigh and complain and eventually fall down; Positive people can learn to persevere and gain courage from adversity. The first part: Comment on Bacon's essays. The Essays of Bacon was written by Francis Bacon, a famous British thinker, politician and empiricist philosopher in the 7th century. This book is divided into Knowledge, Beauty, Goodness, Truth, Health and Empiricism. Bacon said: "human nature is like wild flowers and weeds, and learning is like pruning and transplanting." "It can be seen that learning can change people's destiny and is very important in our lives. Bacon said in "On Friendship": "If you tell a friend happiness, you will get two happiness; And if you pour out your sorrow to a friend, you will be divided into half of your sorrow. "This shows that friends are an indispensable corner color around us and can add color to our lives. Among these dozens of essays, On Beauty impressed me the most. This is a classic about beauty, with concise language, profound connotation and full of philosophy. " This paper focuses on how people should treat external beauty and internal beauty. No one in the world is perfect, so don't complain about their external defects. Only inner beauty is eternal beauty. Virtue is more important than beauty, and the combination of beauty and beauty and virtue can really shine. There is a saying in the article: "The beauty of form is better than the beauty of color. The beauty of elegant behavior is better than the beauty of the body. " Body shape refers to a person's overall image, body shape and color refer to the five senses, mainly the five senses, not the local ones. The beauty of behavior refers to the gesture, which is acquired, the reflection of inner beauty and the highest of the three. Now some people only pay attention to the beauty of appearance and ignore the beauty of inner beauty. Although they are beautiful, they are not worthy of praise because of their lack of elegant cultivation. Therefore, a person who is not luxuriously dressed but dignified, serious and virtuous is awe-inspiring. So, let's combine beautiful appearance with beautiful virtue. In this way, everyone will give off real brilliance. Part II: Comment on Bacon's essays. The Anthology of Bacon was written by Francis Bacon, a famous British politician, thinker and philosopher. Bacon's essays are divided into several articles, such as On Knowledge, On Beauty, On Good Thinkers, On Truth, On Health, On Family, On Friendship and so on. In On Friendship, Bacon said: "If you tell a friend happiness, you will get two happiness;" And if you tell your troubles to a friend, you will be divided into half. "This shows that friends are indispensable roles around us and can add color to our lives. Bacon said in On Knowledge: "Human nature is like wild flowers and weeds, and knowledge learning is like pruning and transplanting. "It can be seen that knowledge can change people's destiny and is very important in our lives. Bacon said in On Doubt: "When you have doubt, you'd better be vigilant, but don't show it. In this way, when this doubt makes sense, you have already made preparations in advance and stopped loving. When this guess is unreasonable, we can avoid misunderstanding good people. It can be seen that suspicion in life is the confusion of people's thoughts. Among dozens of essays, the one that impressed me the most was about beauty. This is a work about "beauty", with concise language, unique connotation and rich philosophy. Beauty itself is a very broad issue. This paper focuses on how people should view the outlook on life of external beauty and internal beauty. No one in the world is perfect, so don't complain about your external defects. Only inner beauty is eternal beauty. Virtue is more important than beauty. Only by combining the appearance of beauty with the virtue of beauty can beauty really shine. There is a saying in the article: "The beauty of form is better than the beauty of color, and the beauty of elegant manners is better than the beauty of form." The body is a person's overall image and figure. Color refers to the five senses, mainly the face, which is biased. The beauty of behavior refers to the gesture, which is acquired, the reflection of inner beauty and the highest of the three. Now some people only pay attention to the beauty of appearance, but ignore the beauty of inner beauty. Although they are beautiful, they are not worthy of praise because of their lack of elegant cultivation. Therefore, a dignified, serious and virtuous person who is not luxuriously dressed is awe-inspiring. So, combine the beautiful appearance with the beautiful virtue. Only in this way can everyone shine with real brilliance. I also learned a lot in On Jealousy. The more you know each other, the more jealous you will be. People can allow a stranger to get rich, but they can never tolerate people around them making all kinds of upward trends. A person who is promoted step by step will not attract jealousy. Because promoting such people is regarded as a matter of course. Jealousy is the way of life after all, and compassion is always a good medicine to cure jealousy. But how many people can understand the truth in the article? Part III: Reading Bacon's Essays Many people like Bacon, the great philosopher, but I don't! ! I hate this bacon who stands from the standpoint of nobility and male chauvinism. I hate this scheming and sophisticated bacon. I hate this bacon with utilitarian thoughts and deep understanding of the operation of officialdom! However, two days ago, I read Bacon's prose and found another Bacon whose ideas were completely different from mine. I can see his persistence in philosophy, his enthusiasm for politics, his love for life, his pursuit of ideals, and his spirit and attitude of never giving up and striving for self-improvement despite difficulties. I suddenly understood: "Oh! There is such bacon! " Among these dozens of essays, On Beauty left a deep impression on me. Avoid the beautiful and virtuous male emperors in this article. This is a classic about beauty. The focus is on how people should treat external beauty and internal beauty. "Good as a gem, inlaid with nature, beautiful; People who are kind to beauty are undoubtedly the most beautiful, but this beauty does not need to be handsome, dignified and pleasant. " Yes, formal beauty is better than color beauty, and elegant manners are better than formal beauty. Therefore, I think that a person's appearance is important, but if there is no connotation, only appearance is just a body, how can it be considered beautiful? Therefore, people are beautiful because they are cute, not because they are beautiful. After reading this book, it suddenly occurred to me that no one is perfect and everyone has different ideals and beliefs. Of course, the things they pursue and the dreams they pursue are also different. Don't impose your preferences on others, and don't judge others according to your preferences. Besides, people have two sides! We should look at the advantages of others and absorb the essence to make up for our own shortcomings, so as to lay a solid foundation for a long life in the future. A good book can make people understand a truth, a good book can make people build a shortcut, and a good book can even change the fate of a person's life! As Bacon said: "Reading history makes people wise, reading poetry makes people witty, mathematics makes people careful, science makes people profound, ethics makes people grave, and the study of logic and rhetoric makes people eloquent", I have to affirm that, to some extent, this is a good book that makes people progress! Part IV: Reflections on Bacon's Essays Not long ago, my friend recommended me to read Bacon's On Life translated by the famous scholar Mr. He Xin. After reading it, I feel benefited a lot. Bacon's life theory has the significance of prose, thesis and essay. It is not only beautiful in writing, but also incisive. With his keen insight and prose style, he wrote complicated life problems, which brought the original dull life theory to life, and it was so vivid and interesting that it really refreshed my spirit. Inspired by the beautiful and wise words in Bacon's life, I read them through twice in one breath, but I still feel that I am not finished, so I really want to recommend them to more friends. This book is called' Amazing Writing * * * Appreciation, Doubt and Analysis'. But I can't help but hesitate, because there are also some controversial chapters in Bacon's life. For example, the way of being a man described in the two chapters of "On Avoiding the World" and "On Ambition" is actually a typical bourgeois philosophy. "On the Emperor" and "On the Noble" aim to introduce the ruling experience and political skills to monarchs and kings. However, small flaws can't cover up big flaws after all. Bacon's life is widely loved by readers for its beautiful and solemn rhythm and superhuman wisdom. Therefore, I think The Life of Bacon is really a good book worth reading. There are many well-known chapters in Bacon's life, such as On Reading and On Beauty. But what impressed me most was On Opportunity. In his article, he said,' When danger approaches, it is more beneficial to seize the opportunity to attack head-on than to hesitate to dodge. Because the result of hesitation is precisely missed the opportunity to overcome it. Many things in a person's life can't be accurately described by certainty theory, but opportunity is the primary factor of success. As far as life is concerned, the great opportunity in life may only come once in ten years or decades. Great opportunities are caused by history and society, so if you want to make a difference, you must be good at saving time, sizing up the situation, seeing the general trend of development clearly, and have a good insight to perceive where there is a' gold mine'. There are also opportunities created by society. People living in the 1960s and 1970s in our country have no good opportunities to take advantage of. Opportunities often appear suddenly or unconsciously, sometimes even unknown, or only when you look back on the past, do you realize that the past events are an opportunity? Are you glad to seize it or regret losing it? People who are good at seizing opportunities should have the following basic qualities: first, be ready at any time, and don't cram for the Buddha's feet when opportunities come. We should not only acquire all kinds of knowledge as widely as possible, but also exercise strong innovation ability as much as possible. The key to our success is to have the ability to innovate, not just to study. If time has rotted things, but people have no wisdom to innovate them, then the end will only be destruction "(on innovation). Some people work hard and love learning, but they are always at a loss when they encounter new problems. This is the lack of innovative ability. Second, we should start with small things and do everything well. There is a simple reason. Opportunities always pop up unconsciously, and sometimes you never know which one. Third, once there is an opportunity, go all out and seize it seriously. Rong Guotuan, China's first table tennis world champion, said,' How many times can you live? Is a good interpretation. Fourth, we should cultivate keen insight and be good at finding opportunities in complex situations. Many students did well in school, but later, some people made great achievements, while others got nothing. The key is whether we can find opportunities in the face of the new complex situation. Opportunities are rare, but can't we create them? The answer is yes. First of all, seizing opportunities is not passive. Really smart people will create opportunities. Secondly, to create opportunities, we should find jobs and places that suit us and have many opportunities. According to the introduction, Americans like to change jobs very much, and generally change jobs four times in their lives. China people, on the other hand, have great inertia and want to stay here all their lives. What are the advantages of changing jobs? You can't do it overnight. You can change many times to find the place and post that suits you best and has the greatest opportunity. Thirdly, it is very important to be honest and trustworthy if you want to get opportunities that don't belong to you, or to keep those opportunities that belong to you. Many young people cheat, cheat in exams and tell lies for short-term interests and behaviors. This is dishonest, and the final result is to harm themselves. A certain place in China used to be a very developed business district, but now it is not. The reason is simple, but also a lack of integrity. Fourth, be good at getting along and communicating with others. Communication is very important to a person's success. British writer Bernard Shaw once said,' It is completely different for two people to exchange ideas and two people to exchange apples. When exchanging apples, everyone has only one apple, while when exchanging ideas, everyone has two ideas at the same time. If everyone understands this truth, learn to get along with others and learn from others, then you have a very good quality to get opportunities. Finally, it is very important to have good psychological quality, which is very important to create opportunities. Once there are problems at work, you should adjust yourself quickly and do things that are easy to succeed. The above is my superficial understanding of some chapters of Bacon's Theory of Life, which is inevitably biased due to the limitation of level. I sincerely hope that all parties will correct me.