Cats are mammals, carnivores and cats.
The cat's body is divided into five parts: head, neck, trunk, limbs and tail, and the whole body is covered with hair. Cats have fat pads under their toes, so they walk quietly.
When catching mice, it won't scare them away, and there are sharp claws at the toes. Paws can be retracted and extended.
Cats retract their claws when resting and walking, and extend their claws when catching mice to avoid making noise and grinding their claws when walking. A cat has four fingers in its forelimbs and five fingers in its hind limbs.
Cats' teeth are divided into incisors, canines and molars. Dog teeth are particularly developed, with sharp cones, which are suitable for killing caught mice. The chewing surface of molar teeth has sharp protrusions, which are suitable for chewing meat. Underdeveloped front teeth.
Cats are fast and good at jumping. There are many kinds of cats. European domestic cats originated from bobcats in Africa, and Asian domestic cats originated from desert cats in India.
Mammals, also known as domestic cats. The hearing is developed, the auricle can move to sound waves, and it can distinguish the direction and distance of tiny sounds.
The sense of smell is also very keen. The pupil of the eye can be automatically enlarged or reduced.
When the light intensity is at noon, the pupil shrinks into a slit to reduce the entrance of strong light; At dusk, the pupil Zhang Kaicheng is round to enhance the visual ability. There is a thick meat pad under the cat's toes, which is soft and elastic, and there is no sound when walking, which is convenient for approaching the prey.
Cats have sharp claws and can climb trees. Good at jumping.
Breeding twice a year, 4~6 offspring per litter. There are many varieties, which are raised all over the world.
Cats are carnivores. After long-term domestication, they are docile and close to the people. Cats and mice are traditional biological control methods.
The average life span of cats is 12 years old, and the longest-lived cats recorded in literature live to 30 years old. Cats generally reach sexual maturity in 7-8 months, and their sexual cycle is 15-28 days. The suitable breeding age for cats is 10- 18 months old, 60-68 days pregnant and 60 days nursing. The normal body temperature of cats is 39℃, and the general range is 38-39.5℃ (rectal temperature). The heartbeat frequency is 130- 140 beats/min for young cats and 100- 120 beats/min for adult cats. Breathing frequency is 20-30 times/minute; Total blood volume accounts for 6.2% of body weight, red blood cells are 8 million /m3 (normal range is 6.5 million ~ 9.5 million /m3), and white blood cells 1.6 million /m3. Is the cat with blue eyes deaf? As we have said, cats have a very sensitive hearing, and the inner ear has a stronger function of locating sounds and regulating body balance than people. However, cats, like other animals, have congenital and acquired deafness.
Some people say that cats with blue eyes can't hear, but this is actually a misunderstanding. For example, most forced cats have blue eyes, but the proportion of deafness is very small.
However, statistics show that cats with white hair and blue eyes have a high proportion of deafness, which may be related to genetic factors. The occurrence of congenital deafness's syndrome is mainly due to the genetic abnormality in the common dye, which leads to the underdevelopment of Corti's organ, cochlear spiral ganglion and other organs, thus leading to deafness.
However, cats with congenital deafness's disease can't really "hear" any sound. They can still "hear" some sounds, but only through the meat pads under the paws of their limbs, not with their ears. Under normal circumstances, there are quite a few tactile receptors in the cat's meat pad, which can sense tiny ground vibration, and cats can use it to detect mouse activities in underground rat holes.
Deaf cats have more receptors in their meat pads, so even if some sounds make the ground slightly vibrate, cats can hear them. In addition, deafness rarely affects the balance function of cats, so combined with normal vision, deaf cats can grow and develop very healthily.
The characteristics of the cat's coat system The most striking thing about a cat is its beautiful coat. Fur and skin not only constitute the beautiful appearance of cats, but also have very important physiological functions.
Skin and coat are a solid barrier for cats, which can prevent the loss of water in the body, resist some mechanical damage and protect the body from harmful physical and chemical effects. In cold winter, skin and fur have good thermal insulation performance, which makes cats have strong cold resistance.
In summer, the coat is also a big radiator, which can lower the body temperature. There are many receptors in the cat's skin, which can feel the changes of the internal and external environment.
Receptors can feel one or more of cold, heat, touch, pressure and pain. Cat hair grows from the hair follicles of the skin, which are slender and bag-shaped.
There are two kinds of hair follicles in cats, one is an isolated hair follicle with only one hair, and the other is a compound hair follicle with multiple hairs. Cat hair follicles are mainly composed of compound fur skirts.
Therefore, cats' fur is very dense, with about 200 hairs per square millimeter. Coat can be divided into needle hair and fluff.
Cats have sebaceous glands and sweat glands in their skin. Sebaceous gland secretion is oily, which can make fur bright and smooth.
Cat's sweat glands are underdeveloped and can't participate in body temperature regulation like human sweat glands. Cats radiate heat through their skin or breathe.
The characteristics of cat's respiratory system include nasal cavity, throat, trachea, bronchus and lungs. The nasal cavity is divided into two parts by the septum, the inner surface is covered with mucosa, and the back of the nose is covered with olfactory mucosa with olfactory nerve, which is the olfactory part of cats.
The larynx is composed of thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage and epiglottic cartilage, and its bones are also vocal organs. The laryngeal cavity is divided into three parts.
The upper part is the vestibule of the throat, and its tail edge is a false vocal cord, which can make a "giggle" sound when vibrating. The cavity between the false vocal cords and the true vocal cords is the second part of the larynx.
The third part is the cavity between vocal cord and cartilage ring, which is very narrow. Trachea and bronchus are the passages of respiratory tract. The tracheal wall is supported by cartilage ring, and the inner surface is lined with fibroepithelial mucosa.
The cat's lung is divided into two parts, and the right lung is larger than the left lung. The lung weighs about19g, and the total area of enlarged alveoli can reach 7.2m2..
Healthy cats breathe in the chest, that is, the chest and abdomen rise and fall at the same time when breathing, and the number of breaths per minute is 15 ~32. After the ambient temperature rises or activity, the number of breaths can be increased physiologically.
■■ The purr of a cat When a cat sleeps and makes out with its owner, it is often possible to hear a purr-like "purr, purr" sound in the cat's throat. In fact, this is the sound made by the cat's false vocal cords when they vibrate.
The skeleton of a cat's throat consists of thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage. The cat's laryngeal cavity is divided into three parts, the upper part is the laryngeal vestibule, and the tail edge is the false vocal cord.
The cavity between the false vocal cords and the true vocal cords is the second part of the laryngeal cavity. The third part is the cavity between vocal cord and cartilage ring, which is very narrow.
When a cat is intimate with a person, the false vocal cords vibrate.
2. What are the visual knowledge of cats?
There are many mysteries hidden in a cat's eyes.
Cats are good at feeding at night. From this point of view, the acuity of cats' eyes is different from ours, and they seem to be more insightful than us. Cats' perception of external things is indeed better than ours. Is this also related to their eyes? As the saying goes, eyes are the windows to see the world. What kind of mystery is hidden in this window of the cat?
When a kitten is born, its visual system is underdeveloped. The development degree of cat's eye at birth is equivalent to that of a five-month-old fetus, and it needs to continue to develop for 5- 14 days (8 days on average) after birth. At first, the eyes were only slightly open, and by 17 days (an average of 9 days) they were completely open.
Because cats have large lenses and corneas, their eyes can collect more light. Due to the special structure of the fundus (more rod-shaped cells and more layers of retinal sensitive cells), cats can collect 1.5 times more light than people, and can only see objects with 1/6 light from people. When it is too bright, in order to reduce the light entering the eyes, its pupil will become a narrow slit. Its vision is only 75 centimeters. Although short-sighted, cats are extremely sensitive to moving objects, with a limit of 0.4 cm/s. ..
At one time, people thought that cats were color blind and could only see black, gray and white shadows. However, the current scientific research proves that this view cannot be established. Because experiments have proved that cats can distinguish colors after training, although it takes a long time. Many scientists think that cats don't care about color. Although they can see colors, they don't give them any meaning. Binocular vision is very important for hunting cats and other animals. Because it must be able to accurately judge the mileage before it can calculate the distance to the hunting target. When the visual fields of animals' eyes overlap, a stereoscopic effect can be produced. The larger the overlapping range, the stronger and more accurate the stereoscopic effect will be. Cats are not as accurate as humans in judging distance, but they are better than dogs. The overlapping range of human vision is much larger than that of cat's eye, while that of dog's eye is smaller than that of cat's eye.
The difference between what people see and what cats see is that cats are yellow and blue blind. As for green and red, only yellow can appear in the cat's eye.
Binocular vision area can accurately locate the target, so it is very important for carnivores to hunt. Because of the cat's head shape and eye position, the visual range of each eye is 155-208.5 degrees, and the overlapping part is about 90- 130 degrees, that is, the binocular visual area. Interestingly, siamese cats (except esotropia cats) have no binocular vision area, so it is more difficult for them to locate objects.
Cat's eyes can be roughly divided into three types in appearance: round, oblique and almond. The colors are basically green, golden yellow, blue and bronze. However, there are different shades between these basic colors.
From the perspective of comparison with people, cats have a wide field of vision. Both eyes have the same field of vision, and their fields of vision are separated. Monovision has no sense of distance, * * * has a sense of distance. The single visual field of each eye of a cat is above 150 degrees, and the common visual field of both eyes is above 200 degrees, while the visual field of a human is only about 100 degrees. Cats can only see when the light changes. If the light is constant, the cat can't see anything. Therefore, when cats look at things, they often have to turn their eyes a little left and right to make the scene in front of them move and see clearly.
Cat's pupil sphincter and pupil dilator have strong contractility, and the adjustment range of pupil dilation and contraction is large and fast. Therefore, the pupil size can be adjusted quickly according to the intensity of external light, and the best visual effect can be obtained by focusing well. Cats have the best eyesight during the day. At night, as long as there is weak light, their pupils can be greatly dispersed, even to the maximum. However, even this sensitive cat's eyes can't be seen in places where there is no light at all, or in the dark night. But as long as there is weak light, the cat's eyes can immediately amplify the light by 40~50 times, which not only makes the limited light completely enter the eyes, but also can distinguish dim objects through the rod cells with dark vision and weak vision on the retina, so as to see things clearly. In addition, there is a triangular reflective cell layer in the upper half of the cat's eyeball, which has the function of reflecting light and can increase the amount of light reaching the retina, thus improving the night vision ability. This wonderful method of magnifying light is a very important physiological feature for the ancestors of cats who used to walk at night thousands of years ago.
For species, the color vision of many species has deteriorated several times. For example, rats and dogs, the world of rats is grayish brown, and only black and white photos can be seen in vision, so rat poison can be a colored warning color, but it has no effect on rats eating it. Most animals will degenerate their unnecessary physiological functions because of their survival, but cats will not, so the cat's world is colorful.
3. Kneel for common sense of raising cats
Actually, it's not difficult to miss a cat. As long as the kitten comes to your home, it is necessary to establish a daily life system. If possible, cats have a fixed feeding time.
It is best to train kittens to urinate and defecate in 3~4 weeks after weaning and eating solid food. Put the cat in a convenient, accessible and quiet place. Wear it often, and you will know whether the kitten needs to urinate, because it will cock its tail and squat down, so that you can let the kitten urinate in a fixed place in time! But at first, the kitten won't be in a fixed place, it will be somewhere else. Don't put your nose on the toilet at this time. When it smells this smell, it becomes its fixed toilet place, so, hehe, these places should be thoroughly cleaned. In case the kitten pees here again.
4. Common sense of getting along with cats
The happy life of pet cats needs the careful and thoughtful care of their owners. In the process of getting along with the baby cat, if it is not handled properly, it will bring trouble and trouble to the owner. So, you know the skills of getting along with cats are very necessary. After reading the following tips, I wish you and your cat a happy life!
When dealing with cats, you should pay attention to the following points:
First, you should make friends with cats. When you start to get in touch with cats, don't rush to get along with them. Let them get to know their owners. The best time to get close to a cat is when it is eating. You can talk to the cat quietly, but don't touch it yet. Get close to the cat when it is relaxed and let it know that you like it very much. Don't make any noise, and suddenly take action to scare the cat.
When the cat knows its owner better, it should be given some caress, but not too much at first. As long as you are patient and gentle, cats will have a good impression on their owners and establish feelings.
Second, understand the cat's personality After mastering the general habits of cats, we must also understand the cat's personality, which is conducive to establishing and consolidating the feelings between people and cats.
Every cat has a different personality. Some cats like sports, some cats are lazy, some cats like to be spoiled near their owners, some cats don't like their owners to touch and cuddle too much, some cats like spherical toys, and some cats are interested in birds' toys. Knowing the cat's personality, you can take targeted measures to enhance your feelings!
Third, don't punish cats often. Cats are different from other animals, and punishment will not have any effect on cats. So when the cat hates it, let it know that the owner doesn't want it to be like this, and don't beat and scold at will. Otherwise, the cat will think that the owner doesn't like it, feel that there is no warmth at home, and even run away from home. Under normal circumstances, cats of a certain age will know what to do and what not to do after living with their owners for a period of time.
Fourth, hug the cat correctly. Although hugging a cat is a common thing, if you don't pay attention, either people are scratched by cats, or cats are injured, or even cats are disabled for life.
Before holding a cat, be familiar with it, pat it on the forehead or touch it on the back. Depending on the size and weight of the cat, it can be caught with one hand or two hands. Never scratch your ears, tail or limbs. If you scratch your ear, it is easy to break the cat's ear bone and cause disability. Cats scratch your limbs and bite you easily. Cats' tails are very sensitive, so pulling or stepping on their tails can easily lead to cats' attacks.
5. Common sense of raising cats
Cats are easy to raise, even if they don't live in the building, they should be vaccinated on time. Only once a year.
When a cat just brought it home, it had a different personality. Some people will hide, others will follow you. At this time, we must first determine the place where it eats, take cat food in front of it and lead it to that place. Put the kitten's head in the cat food basin and water, and let its mouth get some water. It will know later. The bowl for drinking water for the cat had better not be plastic. Kittens are very sensitive and have a strong smell of plastic, so they usually look for other places. You will gradually form bad habits, but the cat food basin is plastic. Try to train it to eat cat food. I recommend Joy. It's economical. The price in Dalian is only 10 yuan per catty. Jia Wei's is a little too salty. I found that my cat likes drinking water when eating Jia Wei. Then the next step is to get cat litter for it. It's best to have a small cover around the open litter box, which is sold in pet shops. The things in the shop below cover more, because cats love to bring sand when they jump out. Just buy ordinary ones, don't use crystal sand or anything, don't put too much, one-half or one-third pots, but you must change them frequently. If it is always wet, the cat will hold back the urine and won't like to go, * * *, which is easy to get infected. Then the location of the cat litter is determined, and you should take it there to get familiar with it. Squat down according to it, hold its front paws, pull and write down the sand, and it will know.
Short-haired cats really don't need a bath. They should occasionally feed their own liver, chicken liver and the like, plus shrimp and fish at home, once a week and occasionally. If cats are used to raising them when they are young, they will not steal trash cans or go to the kitchen when they are old. My cat food bowl has never been short of food.
Also, if it is a kitten, it is suggested that the landlord should not play too high with it when he was a child, especially the tiger spots and black cats. If they are bigger, they will be wild and you can't suppress them. . . . And a cat toy. You can play with any balls, candy paper and plastic bags. Buy toys and don't play. Why not buy a mirror to play with when you have nothing to do? Will find it very interesting. . . . At least my cat has been like this for generations. As long as the mirror reflects the light to the wall, it will pounce on it persistently. . . Catnip, I don't think shorthair cats need it. My parents' hairy cats have been used before, and they said that they have any effect of spitting hair. I had no idea. I used to buy a small bottle for 25 yuan, which was very greasy, but I often forgot to eat it.
If a kitten comes home, be sure to see the sun, or you will have eye problems. If you don't get a vaccine, you will have a hidden danger of rhinotracheitis.
Although cats are independent, I also suggest keeping two companions together, because they won't be naughty or noisy when they are busy at work.
When I keep a dog alone, toilet paper and plastic bags are always all over the floor, which makes me feel that I have the illusion of keeping a dog. Later, I raised a pair of dogs, and this was not the case. I live a quiet life and my home is clean. Cutting your nails regularly won't damage the furniture. I always cut with nail clippers, but I must be careful, because there is pink meat under the hard nails. Don't cut. When cutting, distract him, stop and scratch his head and chin. If you keep it for a long time, it will understand everything you say.
That's all I can think of for the time being If you still don't understand, please tell me.
Cats are interesting. I wish you a happy relationship with the cat.
6. Comics tell you what little knowledge a novice needs to keep a cat.
If a novice keeps a cat, he should pay attention to these little knowledge at ordinary times.
Don't feed the kitten casually, and you can't take a bath without vaccination. You should also pay attention to the health of cats.
Be sure to comb your hair every day, especially when the cat changes its hair. It takes more than ten minutes to comb it every day, and comb off all the dead hair and hair loss on its body surface.
The food prepared for cats must be nutritious and fresh, and it needs to be fed regularly and quantitatively every day. Choose a staple food that can provide enough nutrition for cats, such as Champions League cat food. If you want to change cat food, you need to change it step by step.
Pay attention to the hygiene of cats' ears and eyes, help cats to trim their nails regularly, and arrange a bath according to their activities to ensure their health.
Adequate and clean drinking water every day is essential for cats to drink at any time.
7. Let me explain the situation first, about cats.
What are you worried about at the full moon? Mother cat will find her own food. The mouse in the attachment is her delicacy, because she doesn't like what you gave her. Chicken liver mixed with steamed bread It's okay to feed the dog,
If you are really worried, you can go to the pet store to buy some cat food. It is mixed with spices that cats like, and the mother cat must like it very much. Otherwise, you can buy some small fish and boil them directly in water. Remember not to put any seasoning. After cooking, pour the rice into it. If there is soup and water, catch the fish by hand and stir well. Cats like fishy food. . . . . . .
Well, the male cat in your shop lost someone else's female cat, which is terrible. The party went to play. Now the man is too irresponsible, and the master is implicated. Hmm. How interesting
By the way, popularize the little knowledge of kittens If you like to keep kittens, you can take them home directly when the mother cat is away. If the mother cat gets too close, you must tie a rope firmly to the kitten, otherwise the mother cat will come back to save her when she hears the kitten barking badly.
8. Do you know all these little tricks of the cat?
As an alien visitor, Meow Meow can not only make you look cute, but also make you look silly with all kinds of small gestures. I wonder what these little tricks mean. Let's look at the cat's tricks.
1. The cat will scratch you gently with its claws, as if kneading dough. Studies have proved that this is what they will do to the female cat when they are young, and this action will also bring more milk to the female cat.
It shows that the cat meow is very comfortable with the environment now. 2. Super low-key meow. This shows that it is greeting you, and it may be accompanied by a little gesture with your head. This is what it wants you to play with it intimately for a while. 3. Lying on you or falling asleep.
It shows that the cat meow feels very comfortable, and it likes the feeling on you very much, expressing its trust in you and its sense of security. It has been rubbing at your feet. This is a cat marking its territory, leaving its own flavor to show that this place belongs to it. 5. Sudden jumping or pouncing.
Many people will feel scared, but they don't need it at all. This is because cats are releasing energy, otherwise how can they sleep well? 6. A low roar. This shows that it is very angry now, and it is best not to provoke it! 7. Lie on your side with your back against the bed.
At this time, the signal "You can touch me" was released. See this posture, you can touch it. 8. Yell like a wolf. This is because they are asking for help. They may be in a bad state, but they may also be courting. Be careful. 9. When they don't bury their shit.
This means that they are not satisfied with the garbage bins now. Maybe you need to change a box. 10. Look at a place and speak slowly. Although it is a bit strange, it may mean that they smell something different and need to open their mouths and breathe hard. 1 1. A cat is whispering, as if whispering.
This means they are a little confused or impatient. 12. Lie on your things. This is obviously to get your attention, the sense of existence of brush 13. Shake your ears
This is also a bad meaning, indicating that they are a little annoyed and have a bad temper now. It's best not to mess with them. This is also obvious, indicating that it is very happy and comfortable now, and can play properly.
At this time, they may be looking at something very intently, and it is best not to disturb them. The above are all kinds of actions of the cat. You got it? .
9. Common sense of raising cats, what cats can't eat, do you know?
There are many foods that cats can't eat, such as onions, chicken bones, raw eggs, coffee, tea and milk. Grapes and raisins, chocolate and so on.
Onions contain ingredients that destroy red blood cells in cats. Don't feed them alone, but be careful not to mix them with meat. Raw eggs and raw protein contain an antibiotic protein, which can neutralize important vitamins in cats and make them lack the ability to absorb vitamins.
However, it is no problem for cats to mix raw egg yolk when eating Champions League cat food. Milk, milk contains a lot of lactose, and cats lack an enzyme that decomposes and digests milk. Cats' intestines and stomach often have diarrhea because they can't absorb the enzymes in milk.
Especially kittens. Dried fish and dried fish contain a lot of magnesium, which is easy to induce and lead to urinary calculi or urinary system diseases in cats.